scholarly journals Randomized Clinical Trial on Preventing Root Caries among Community-Dwelling Elders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Li ◽  
E.C.M. Lo ◽  
B.Y. Liu ◽  
M.C.M. Wong ◽  
C.H. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Root Surface Caries ◽  
Annual Application

Dental root caries is a common disease among elders. More efforts on preventing this disease are needed. Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is known to prevent dental caries in primary teeth. However, clinical evidence of its efficacy in preventing root surface caries is limited. This clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of SDF in preventing root caries among elders in a water fluoridated area. A total of 323 elders who had at least 5 teeth with exposed root surfaces and who had self-care ability were randomly allocated into 3 intervention groups: group 1 (placebo control), annual application of tonic water; group 2, annual application of SDF solution; group 3, annual application of SDF solution, immediately followed by potassium iodide (KI) solution. Oral hygiene instructions and fluoride toothpaste were provided to all subjects. Status of dental root surface was assessed every 6 mo by the same independent examiner. After 30 mo, 257 (79.6%) elders were reviewed. The mean numbers of root surface with new caries experience in the control, SDF, and SDF/KI groups were 1.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively (analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Scheffe’s multiple comparison showed that elders who received placebo developed more new root caries lesions ( P < 0.05), while the difference between the SDF and SDF/KI groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Moreover, elders who had higher visible plaque index scores at 30-mo examination (analysis of covariance, P < 0.001) and those who had higher baseline DMFT scores (analysis of covariance, P = 0.005) developed more new root caries. It is concluded that annual application of SDF or SDF/KI solution is effective in preventing root caries among community-dwelling elders in a fluoridated area ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02360124). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Annual topical application of silver diammine fluoride or silver diammine fluoride / potassium iodide solution is effective in preventing dental root surface caries among community-dwelling elders in a fluoridated area.

Association of the Microbial Flora of Dental Plaque and Saliva with Human Root-surface Caries

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Houte ◽  
H.V. Jordan ◽  
R. Laraway ◽  
R. Kent ◽  
P.M. Soparkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Group I ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
Streptococcal Species ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Root Surface Caries ◽  
Root Surfaces

Dental plaque was obtained from one or two sound root surfaces of subjects with different degrees of root-surface caries experience. From subjects with root-surface caries, plaque samples were also obtained from either one incipient or one more advanced lesion. Proportions of the total flora were determined for total streptococci and different streptococcal species, total and different Actinomyces species, and lactobacilli. A sample of saliva was obtained from about one-third of the subjects for determination of the concentrations of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The main observations were: (1) Subjects without root-surface caries or restorations (group I), as compared with subjects with root-surface caries with or without restorations (group II), were characterized by having a lower prevalence and proportion of mutans streptococci and a higher prevalence and proportion of A. naeslundii in plaque on sound root surfaces; (2) subjects in group I also tended to have a lower salivary concentration of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli than subjects in group II; (3) dental plaque on sound surfaces in group II subjects contained a lower proportion of mutans streptococci than plaque associated with incipient or advanced lesions; and (4) the prevalence and proportion of lactobacilli in plaque associated with sound as well as carious root surfaces were very low. The data reinforce findings from other studies and indicate that, as for coronal caries, the plaque and saliva populations of mutans streptococci specifically are correlated positively with the presence of root-surface caries.

The Epidemiology of Root Surface Caries: North American Studies

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Oral Health Problem ◽  
The Status ◽  
Final Observation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Root Surface Caries

After some problems resulting from the lack of standardized methods in the conduct of root caries studies and the lack of standardized reports of findings are reviewed, the prevalence and incidence of root surface caries in North America are reviewed through a combination of epidemiologic studies and large clinical trials. As part of this review, the available evidence on the relationship between root caries and missing teeth is presented. These data lead to the conclusion that the prevalence and, to some extent, the incidence of root caries are underestimated in adults with missing teeth. This review resulted in a number of observations regarding the status of root caries as an oral health problem. First, there is little evidence that would allow conclusions regarding the secular increase or decrease in the prevalence or incidence of root caries to be drawn. Other observations gleaned include the remarkably similar prevalence and incidence rates obtained from the studies reviewed, positive associations between root caries and age, negative associations between the prevalence and incidence of root caries and consumption of water containing fluoride, indications that root caries is a problem in adults with incidence rates that approach caries rates in children, and associations between the prevalence and incidence of root caries and a wide variety of oral, behavioral, and medical conditions. The final observation is the need for the acceptance of conventions for the definition of root caries as well as the reporting of findings in order for more firm conclusions to be drawn from future studies.

Root caries experience among older adults in a country with long term systemic water fluoridation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhi Mittal ◽  
Mun Loke Wong ◽  
Patrick Finbarr Allen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Dental Visits

Abstract ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore dental caries experience in older Singaporeans (60-90 years old), a country with over 60 years of water fluoridation, and to examine what risk factors contribute to prevalence of oral disease, in particular root caries, and to assess the impact of service utilisation on treatment of root caries.Methodology500 community dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a survey which included questions related to demographics (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, education level) self-rated oral health, oral health attitudes and frequency of dental visits. A clinical examination recorded details of decayed, missing and filled teeth; stimulated saliva flow was also measured. The main outcome of this study was prevalence of decayed and filled root surfaces (DFRS) of older adults, categorised as “low” [DFRS ≤3] and “high” [DFRS >3]. The regression models were controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, housing type, oral health related factors and salivary parameters. Results84.2% of the participants ethnicity was Chinese and 15.2% were Non-Chinese. The mean DFRS score was [Mean (SD), 3(3.5)], decayed [Total (Mean), 68(13.6)] and filled [Total (Mean), 287 (57.4)]. In bivariate analysis, age, ethnicity, education, dental visits, recession, restored coronal surfaces and oral health attitude were found to be significantly associated with DFRS. In final multivariate model it was found that age, ethnicity, education, pattern of dental visits, gingival recession/periodontal attachment loss and number of restored coronal surfaces are independent predictors of root caries experience in older adults. The selected risk factors in the final model explained about 20% of the variation.ConclusionHigher education and awareness increase dental care utilization which corresponds to a high filled (F) component of DFRS. Previous coronal caries experience and gingival recession/attachment loss are risk indicators of higher root caries experience.

Root Caries in Scandinavia in the 1980's and Future Trends to be Expected in Dental Caries Experience in Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fejerskov ◽  
V. Baelum ◽  
E.S. Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The large variety of diagnostic criteria used adds some uncertainty to comparisons of recent clinical and epidemiological data on root caries in Scandinavia. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the prevalence of frank carious cavities on the root among 60+-year-olds is about 30-40%. When inactive and recurrent lesions and fillings are included, the prevalence is almost 100% in 60+-year-olds. At this age, the mean number of root surface fillings is about 7, and the mean number of active caries lesions ranges from 0.9 to 3.4. The degree of gingival recession does not appear to be a direct measure of root caries risk in a population. When the number of teeth at risk is accounted for, the age-dependent increase in prevalence of root caries is very weak. Therefore, comparisons of root caries prevalence between populations are meaningful only when information on number of teeth present and teeth at risk is also available. Recent studies from various parts of the world have demonstrated that caries is ubiquitous in all populations and that caries progression continues throughout life. The impact of this on trends in prevalence and incidence of dental caries in adults is discussed in the light of what is known about the natural history of dental caries.

Antecedents and Associations of Root Surface Caries Experience among 38-Year-Olds

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Thomson ◽  
J.M. Broadbent ◽  
L.A. Foster Page ◽  
R. Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Root Surface Caries

Dental Caries in Adult and Elderly Chinese

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-M. Luan ◽  
V. Baelum ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
O. Fejerskov
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
Root Surface Caries

This paper reports on a study of dental caries conducted among 1744 urban and rural Chinese (from 20 to 80 years old), who were selected by means of a systematic srratifzed sampling procedure. The prevalence of one or more decayed or filled teeth ranged from 48 to 90% in urban residents, and from 51 to 97% in rural residents, depending on age. The mean number of decayed or filled teeth ranged from 1.2 (± 1.9) among 20-29-year-olds, to 6.2 (± 5.5) among 70+-yearolds, and was highest among rural residents. Among 20-29-year-olds, the main components of the DFT were enamel lesions and fillings. Among 30-49-year-olds, the DFT consisted mainly of enamel lesions and filled teeth, as well as teeth with lesions involving the pulpal tissues. In subjects over the age of 50 years, lesions involving pulpal tissues were the predominant type, followed by root-surface lesions. In subjects below the age of 50 years, most of the caries experience derived from coronal surfaces, particularly occlusal surfaces. Root-surface caries was predominantly a feature of persons aged 50 years and above. Despite a large number of surfaces being at risk of root-surface caries, less than 10% of the surfaces were so affected. Although cross-sectional in nature, these data indicate that when the oral hygiene standards are poor, caries lesions continue to develop and progress throughout life. With age, dental caries becomes a substantial oral health problem in this population of adult and elderly Chinese, despite the availability of some dental services.

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