Root caries experience among older adults in a country with long term systemic water fluoridation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhi Mittal ◽  
Mun Loke Wong ◽  
Patrick Finbarr Allen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Dental Visits

Abstract ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore dental caries experience in older Singaporeans (60-90 years old), a country with over 60 years of water fluoridation, and to examine what risk factors contribute to prevalence of oral disease, in particular root caries, and to assess the impact of service utilisation on treatment of root caries.Methodology500 community dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a survey which included questions related to demographics (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, education level) self-rated oral health, oral health attitudes and frequency of dental visits. A clinical examination recorded details of decayed, missing and filled teeth; stimulated saliva flow was also measured. The main outcome of this study was prevalence of decayed and filled root surfaces (DFRS) of older adults, categorised as “low” [DFRS ≤3] and “high” [DFRS >3]. The regression models were controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, housing type, oral health related factors and salivary parameters. Results84.2% of the participants ethnicity was Chinese and 15.2% were Non-Chinese. The mean DFRS score was [Mean (SD), 3(3.5)], decayed [Total (Mean), 68(13.6)] and filled [Total (Mean), 287 (57.4)]. In bivariate analysis, age, ethnicity, education, dental visits, recession, restored coronal surfaces and oral health attitude were found to be significantly associated with DFRS. In final multivariate model it was found that age, ethnicity, education, pattern of dental visits, gingival recession/periodontal attachment loss and number of restored coronal surfaces are independent predictors of root caries experience in older adults. The selected risk factors in the final model explained about 20% of the variation.ConclusionHigher education and awareness increase dental care utilization which corresponds to a high filled (F) component of DFRS. Previous coronal caries experience and gingival recession/attachment loss are risk indicators of higher root caries experience.

scholarly journals Modifiable Factors Explain Socioeconomic Inequalities in Children’s Dental Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Peres ◽  
X. Ju ◽  
M. Mittinty ◽  
A.J. Spencer ◽  
L.G. Do
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Modifiable Factors

The aim of this article was to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries experience among Australian children and to identify factors that explain area-level socioeconomic inequalities in children’s dental caries. We used data from the National Child Oral Health Survey conducted in Australia between 2012 and 2014 ( n = 24,664). Absolute and relative indices of socioeconomic inequalities in the dental caries experience in primary and permanent dentition (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces [dmfs] and DMFS, respectively) were estimated. In the first stage, we conducted multilevel negative binomial regressions to test the association between area-level Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) and dental caries experience (dmfs for 5- to 8-y-olds and DMFS for 9- to 14-y-olds) after adjustment for water fluoridation status, sociodemographics, oral health behaviors, pattern of dental visits, and sugar consumption. In the second stage, we performed Blinder-Oaxaca and Neumark decomposition analyses to identify factors that explain most of the area-level socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries. Children had a mean dmfs of 3.14 and a mean DMFS of 0.98 surfaces. Children living in the most disadvantaged and intermediately disadvantaged areas had 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.69–2.27) and 1.45 (1.26–1.68) times higher mean dmfs and 1.53 (1.36–1.72) and 1.43 (1.27–1.60) times higher mean DMFS than those living in the most advantaged areas, respectively. Water fluoridation status (33.6%), sugar consumption (22.1%), parental educational level (14.2%), and dental visit patterns (12.7%) were the main factors explaining area-level socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries in permanent dentition. Among all the factors considered, the factors that contributed most in explaining inequalities in primary dental caries were dental visits (30.3%), sugar consumption (20.7%), household income (20.0%), and water fluoridation status (15.9%). The inverse area-level socioeconomic inequality in dental caries was mainly explained by modifiable risk factors, such as lack of fluoridated water, high sugar consumption, and an unfavorable pattern of dental visits.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Power of Circulatory Metabolic Biomarkers as Metabolic Syndrome Risk Predictors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Northwest of England (A Feasibility Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Razieh Hassannejad ◽  
Hamsa Sharrouf ◽  
Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽  
Ben Kirk ◽  
Farzad Amirabdollahian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases with pathophysiology strongly linked to aging. A range of circulatory metabolic biomarkers such as inflammatory adipokines have been associated with MetS; however, the diagnostic power of these markers as MetS risk correlates in elderly has yet to be elucidated. This cross-sectional study investigated the diagnostic power of circulatory metabolic biomarkers as MetS risk correlates in older adults. Methods: Hundred community dwelling older adults (mean age: 68.7 years) were recruited in a study, where their blood pressure, body composition and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) were measured; and their fasting capillary and venous blood were collected. The components of the MetS; and the serum concentrations of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-I (PAI-I), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Cystatin-C, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), insulin and ferritin were measured within the laboratory, and the HOMA1-IR and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were calculated. Results: Apart from other markers which were related with some cardiometabolic (CM) risk, after Bonferroni correction insulin had significant association with all components of Mets and AIP. These associations also remained significant in multivariate regression. The multivariate odds ratio (OR with 95% confidence interval (CI)) showed a statistically significant association between IL-6 (OR: 1.32 (1.06–1.64)), TNF-α (OR: 1.37 (1.02–1.84)), Resistin (OR: 1.27 (1.04–1.54)) and CRP (OR: 1.29 (1.09–1.54)) with MetS risk; however, these associations were not found when the model was adjusted for age, dietary intake and adiposity. In unadjusted models, insulin was consistently statistically associated with at least two CM risk factors (OR: 1.33 (1.16–1.53)) and MetS risk (OR: 1.24 (1.12–1.37)) and in adjusted models it was found to be associated with at least two CM risk factors and MetS risk (OR: 1.87 (1.24–2.83) and OR: 1.25 (1.09–1.43)) respectively. Area under curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristics (ROC) demonstrated a good discriminatory diagnostics power of insulin with AUC: 0.775 (0.683–0.866) and 0.785 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for at least two CM risk factors and AUC: 0.773 (0.653–0.893) and 0.783 by cross validation and bootstrapping samples for MetS risk. This was superior to all other AUC reported from the ROC analysis of other biomarkers. Area under precision-recall curve for insulin was also superior to all other markers (0.839 and 0.586 for at least two CM risk factors and MetS, respectively). Conclusion: Fasting serum insulin concentration was statistically linked with MetS and its risk, and this link is stronger than all other biomarkers. Our ROC analysis confirmed the discriminatory diagnostic power of insulin as CM and MetS risk correlate in older adults.

scholarly journals A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Magdalena I. Tolea ◽  
Jaeyeong Heo ◽  
Stephanie Chrisphonte ◽  
James E. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Predictive Values

Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today’s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by >  85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.

scholarly journals Polish Translation and Validation of the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) Questionnaire to Assess Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Risk Factors of Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Roma Krzymińska-Siemaszko ◽  
Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka ◽  
Arkadiusz Styszyński ◽  
Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Translation And Validation

A simple, short, cheap, and reasonably sensitive and specific screening tool assessing both nutritional and non-nutritional risk factors for sarcopenia is needed. Potentially, such a tool may be the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) Questionnaire, which is available in a seven-item (MSRA-7) and five-item (MSRA-5) version. The study’s aim was Polish translation and validation of both MSRA versions in 160 volunteers aged ≥60 years. MSRA was validated against the six sets of international diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia used as the reference standards. PL-MSRA-7 and PL-MSRA-5 both had high sensitivity (≥84.9%), regardless of the reference standard. The PL-MSRA-5 had better specificity (44.7–47.2%) than the PL-MSRA-7 (33.1–34.7%). Both questionnaires had similarly low positive predictive value (PL-MSRA-5: 17.9–29.5%; PL-MSRA-7: 14.4–25.2%). The negative predictive value was generally high for both questionnaires (PL-MSRA-7: 89.8–95.9%; PL-MSRA-5: 92.3–98.5%). PL-MSRA-5 had higher accuracy than the PL-MSRA-7 (50.0–55% vs. 39.4–45%, respectively). Based on the results, the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment questionnaire was successfully adopted to the Polish language and validated in community-dwelling older adults from Poland. When compared with PL-MSRA-7, PL-MSRA-5 is a better tool for sarcopenia risk assessment.

Oral health and incident malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S59
Author(s):  
E. Kiesswetter ◽  
L. Hengeveld ◽  
D. Volkert ◽  
M. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Oral Health Problems and Significant Weight Loss Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. M366-M371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Ritchie ◽  
K. Joshipura ◽  
R. A. Silliman ◽  
B. Miller ◽  
C. W. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals 10-Year Renal Function Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Exploring the Risk Factors for Different Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Chia-Ter Chao ◽  
Yung-Ming Chen ◽  
Fu-Hui Ho ◽  
Kun-Pei Lin ◽  
Jen-Hau Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Improve Risk Stratification ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Longitudinal changes of renal function help inform patients’ clinical courses and improve risk stratification. Rare studies address risk factors predicting changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time in older adults, particularly of Chinese ethnicity. We identified prospectively enrolled community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) receiving annual health examinations between 2005 and 2015 with serum creatinine available continuously in a single institute, and used linear regression to derive individual’s annual eGFR changes, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify features associated with different eGFR change patterns. Among 500 elderly (71.3 ± 4.2 years), their mean annual eGFR changes were 0.84 ± 1.67 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, with 136 (27.2%) and 238 (47.6%) classified as having downward (annual eGFR change <0 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) and upward eGFR (≥1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) trajectories, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher age (odds ratio (OR) 1.08), worse renal function (OR 13.2), and more severe proteinuria (OR 9.86) or hematuria (OR 3.39) were predictive of a declining eGFR while greater waist circumference (OR 1.06) and higher leukocyte counts (OR 1.21) were predictive of an uprising 10-year eGFR. These findings elucidate important features associated with geriatric renal function variations, which are expected to improve their renal care.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Multidimensional Risk Factors of Physical Frailty in Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeeun Jung ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Frailty is defined as a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, and it predicts the disability and mortality in the older population. This study aimed to investigate standardized prevalence and multidimensional risk factors associated with frailty among the Korean community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed the baseline data of 2,907 adults aged 70&ndash;84 years (mean age 75.8&plusmn;3.9 years, 57.8% women) in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The Fried frailty phenotype was used to define frailty. Analyzed data included sociodemographic, physical, physical function, biological, lifestyle, health condition, medical condition, psychological, and social domains. Data were standardized using the national standard population composition ratio based on the Korean Population and Housing Census. The standardized prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8&ndash;8.9%) and 57.2% (95% CI 45.1&ndash;48.8%), respectively. The following 14 risk factors had a significant association with frailty: at risk of malnutrition, sarcopenia, severe mobility limitation, poor social capital, rural dwellers, depressive, poor self-perceived health, polypharmacy, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, low 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, longer timed up and go, and low short physical performance battery score (p&lt;0.05). Physico-nutritional, psychological, sociodemographic, and medical factors are strongly associated with frailty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document