Does Economic Freedom Influence Major Health Indicators in India? Cross-state Panel Estimation Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleema Razvi ◽  
Debashis Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

It is widely acknowledged that inadequacies in public sector health systems can only be overcome by substantial structural and institutional reforms. In India, the need for reforms in the health sector has been highlighted and stressed upon in recent period. While there is a growing belief that public and private sectors in health can potentially gain from one another, there is also recognition that, given their respective strengths and weaknesses, neither the public sector nor the private sector alone can operate in the best interest of the health system. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of enabling environments measured by the economic freedom index in 20 Indian states on select healthcare outcomes, through a panel data model. The empirical results confirm that rise in economic freedom lowers maternal mortality and infant mortality, as the resulting conducive environment enables greater private sector participation. However, the crucial role to be played by the public sector is also underlined in no uncertain terms. The obtained results strongly indicate that the health scenario in India can improve only through closer co-ordination between the public and the private sectors.

Research from China finds no significant difference in impact of public service motivation (PSM) in public and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors assumed PSM would be higher in the public sector, but they set up a trial to find out if this was the case. Design/methodology/approach To test their theories, the authors conducted two independent surveys. The first consisted of 220 usable responses from public sector employees in Changsha, China. The second survey involved 260 usable responses from private sector employees taking an MBA course at a university in the Changsha district. A questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Findings The results found no significant difference between the impact of public sector motivation (PSM) on employee performance across the public and private sectors. The data showed that PSM had a significant impact on self-reported employee performance, but the relationship did not differ much between sectors. Meanwhile, it was in the private sector that PSM had the greatest impact on intention to leave. Originality/value The authors said the research project was one of the first to test if the concept of PSM operated in the same way across sectors. It also contributed, they said, to the ongoing debate about PSM in China.

scholarly journals Public Sector Finances as Determinants of Private Investment in PPP Projects – Experiences from Select Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Satinder Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing countries along with developed countries. While there has been sufficient research on private sector capacity to make the partnership successful, not much research exists on the importance of the financial health of the public sector in PPP projects. The premise of the current research is that strong public sector finances instil confidence in the private sector of governments’ ability to honour PPP commitments and that, in turn, increases the attractiveness of PPP projects. Through a number of case studies relating to government finances of Indian states and other countries, it is seen that governments which have checks and balances to issuance of guarantees and other forms of indirect support for PPP projects are actually able to attract higher levels of PPP investment.

Exodus of Clinicians from Public Sector to Non-Clinical Practice in Private Sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; Exploring the Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Elice Temu ◽  
Gasto Frumence ◽  
Nathanael Sirili
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
The Public

Background: Globally, shortage of clinicians health workforce is among the major challenges facing the health systems of many countries including Tanzania. Migration of medical doctors from clinical practice to non-clinical practice partly contributes to this challenge. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Medical Doctors’ decision to migrate from clinical practice in the public sector to non-clinical practice in the private sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 12 in-depth interviews with medical doctors working in the private sector but formerly worked in the public health sector. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: Three main themes emerged; health system-level drivers that has three sub-themes, namely poor work environment, heavy workload due to shortage of clinicians and underfunded public health sector; individual-level drivers, which include four sub-themes: Age, area of specialization, marital status and empathy to patients; and external environment drivers consisting of two sub-themes: peer pressure and community culture.Conclusion: Improving the work environment through increased funding will partly address the main health system drivers underlying migration from the clinical practice. Furthermore, nurturing junior doctors to be enthusiastic and adapting to cultural shocks can partly help to address the individual and external drivers. Keywords: Shortage, Medical Doctors, Clinicians, Physicians, migration, health workforce, Tanzania Clinical Practice, Non-Clinical Practice.

scholarly journals Reasons for Ethical Problems in the Health Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Tepecik ◽  
Ayla Yazıcı
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Effective Use

There are two main reasons of public interventions in the health market. First, the health care market cannot make efficient production on market conditions because of its attributes such as the unequal distribution of knowledge, being a public good, the presence of positive and negative externalities. Second, the public authority has also the aim to achieve justice. These qualities are also the source of ethical problems in the health sector, whether the service is generated, by the public or the private sector. Almost in all countries the health sector is usually provided by the public sector because of externalities. But because the side effects of the production of health services by the public sector emerged in recent years, the participation of the private sector was ensured to minimize these effects. For developing countries such as Turkey and Eurasian countries, a more effective use of the funds used for the health sector is recommended, and the space these expenditures cover in the budget are said can be scaled down with the opening of some areas for private entrepreneurs. However, the unique characteristics of the health sector seem to cause problems regardless whether it is produced by the public or the private sector. In this study it is attempted to give the attributes of the health sector in detail and to establish a relationship with ethical problems in the light of experiences in Turkey.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Employment Relations Act 2000 on Collective Bargaining

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Lineham ◽  
Louise Fawthorpe ◽  
Boaz Shulruf ◽  
Stephen Blumenfeld ◽  
Roopali Johri
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

This study carried out by the Department of Labour in 2007/08 aims to assess whether there have been any significant changes in the coverage of collective bargaining that can be attributed to the Employment Relations Act 2000. The research draws on administrative data relating to union membership and collective bargaining coverage, as well as qualitative data from employers, employees, union representatives and other employment relations stakeholders. The research shows that collective bargaining has yet to regain pre Employment Relations Act levels. Collective bargaining remains concentrated in the public sector, with low density in the private sector. The study concludes that the effects of the Act on collective bargaining are chiefly observed in the recovery of collective bargaining in the public sector, and the continued decline (in general) in the private sector. The research offers no indications that these patterns will change.  

scholarly journals Graduate programs in education, exploring its meaning and significance of training

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Landín Miranda ◽  
Diana Ramírez Hernández ◽  
Félix Eduardo Núñez Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inductive Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In this research, we present an analysis carried out in the city of Poza Rica, state of Veracruz, Mexico on the meaning and significance of education that students attribute to the master programs related to education. We base this work from the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici (1961) and the Method of Symbolic Interactionism of Herbert Blumer (1969), this research is consistent with the educational policies in the training of professionals, due that from an inductive study with a cualitative perspective, we can do an analysis with more relevance on the impact that the offer of postgraduate has on the training of current professionals. Two study contexts were taken: masters in education offered in the public sector and masters in education offered in the private sector. As well, the agencies that shape the policies for the evaluation of postgraduate programs in Mexico, particularly with emphasis on the CONACYT framework.

Multi-Channel Delivery of E-Services in the Light of M-Government Challenge

2011 ◽  
pp. 1638-1657
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Germanakos ◽  
George Samaras ◽  
Eleni Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Single Point ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Front End ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
The Impact

During the last decade, users have become accustomed to new means of service delivery in the private sector. Nowadays, users expect the same level of variety from the public sector: they want their interactions to be convenient, and they prefer to be online rather than in-line. New developments in ICT along with the growth of mobile communication allow the involved sectors to meet these challenges by re-engineering their front-end and back-end of?ce. They have developed new ways of interaction through a variety of channels allowing users to consume their services anytime, anywhere, and anyhow, restructure services that accommodate their users’ needs, and re-organize processes within and between separate administrative bodies. This chapter will examine the interaction requirements regarding a friendlier and more effective multi-channel services environment, the mobility challenges, and their apt implementation in the governmental sector placing emphasis on the technological constraints of an m-government open interoperable multi-service delivery infrastructure and the impact of its single-point of access functionality across the borders of the new digitally integrated Pan-European reality.

Multi-Channel Delivery of E-Services in the Light of M-Government Challenge

2007 ◽  
pp. 292-317
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Germanakos ◽  
George Samaras ◽  
Eleni Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Single Point ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Front End ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
The Impact

During the last decade, users have become accustomed to new means of service delivery in the private sector. Nowadays, users expect the same level of variety from the public sector: they want their interactions to be convenient, and they prefer to be online rather than in-line. New developments in ICT along with the growth of mobile communication allow the involved sectors to meet these challenges by re-engineering their front-end and back-end of?ce. They have developed new ways of interaction through a variety of channels allowing users to consume their services anytime, anywhere, and anyhow, restructure services that accommodate their users’ needs, and re-organize processes within and between separate administrative bodies. This chapter will examine the interaction requirements regarding a friendlier and more effective multi-channel services environment, the mobility challenges, and their apt implementation in the governmental sector placing emphasis on the technological constraints of an m-government open interoperable multi-service delivery infrastructure and the impact of its single-point of access functionality across the borders of the new digitally integrated Pan-European reality.

scholarly journals Rubella vaccination in India: identifying broad consequences of vaccine introduction and key knowledge gaps

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. WINTER ◽  
S. PRAMANIK ◽  
J. LESSLER ◽  
M. FERRARI ◽  
B. T. GRENFELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYRubella virus infection typically presents as a mild illness in children; however, infection during pregnancy may cause the birth of an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). As of February 2017, India began introducing rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) into the public-sector childhood vaccination programme. Low-level RCV coverage among children over several years can result in an increase in CRS incidence by increasing the average age of infection without sufficiently reducing rubella incidence. We evaluated the impact of RCV introduction on CRS incidence across India's heterogeneous demographic and epidemiological contexts. We used a deterministic age-structured model that reflects Indian states’ rural and urban area-specific demography and vaccination coverage levels to simulate rubella dynamics and estimate CRS incidence with and without RCV introduction to the public sector. Our analysis suggests that current low-level private-sector vaccination has already slightly increased the burden of CRS in India. We additionally found that the effect of public-sector RCV introduction depends on the basic reproductive number, R0, of rubella. If R0 is five, a value empirically estimated from an array of settings, CRS incidence post-RCV introduction will likely decrease. However, if R0 is seven or nine, some states may experience short-term or annual increases in CRS, even if a long-term total reduction in cases (30 years) is expected. Investment in population-based serological surveys and India's fever/rash surveillance system will be key to monitoring the success of the vaccination programme.

HRD Practices and Philosophy of Management in Indian Organizations

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Top Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theory Y

The managerial philosophy of a company is generally based upon the top management's assumptions about people working in the organization. It reflects the attitude of the top management towards the human resources of an organization. Managerial philosophies of companies are embedded in the society. McGregor (1960) has labelled these managerial philosophies as ‘Theory X and Theory Y.’ This paper is an attempt to identify the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and the philosophy of management of the Indian business organizations. For this, the different variables of HR practices were studied and the management's philosophy was identified by measuring beliefs of top management about employees in the organizations. The sample for the study consisted of 95 respondents from two private sector organizations and 119 respondents from two public sector organizations. The findings of the study indicate that the variables of HR practices (planning, recruitment, and selection) were highly but negatively related to the philosophy of management in the private sector organizations. This meant that the Indian organizations were practising traditional philosophy of management in such organizations. The prevalence of traditional managerial philosophy focusing on managerial control has always dominated the managerial community in the sense that it is more prevalent and is more ‘tightly’ linked to managerial practice. As new managerial ideologies evolved, the older ones “never disappeared; instead, images and practices central to each were gradually institutionalized” (Barley and Kunda, 1992). The philosophy of management showed a blurred picture in the public sector organizations. Though the top management's views and balance sheet emphasized the belief of the organization towards Theory Y, the analysed responses proved that management philosophy was not clear to managers working in these organizations. In fact, the Indian public sector organizations started as welfare organizations. However, the impact of market economy has led to a competitive environment. Though the public sector organizations have started realizing the impact of competition, it is difficult for them to understand when they lost their focus on the managerial philosophy. The following key issues emerged from the study: Organizations will have to design managerial philosophy which is sensitive to human existence. The managerial philosophy in the organization has an impact on the organizations of the future. HR concepts that get packaged along with modern managerial philosophy are likely to revolutionize the workplace. The bottom line is that people want to be cared for and respected. On their part, organizations want commitment and integrity. A successful combination of committed people and a benevolent organization could well be the way for organizations in this competitive environment in India.

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