scholarly journals Can the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change Explain the Intent for People to Practice Meditation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110645
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Matthew Asare ◽  
Ram Lakhan ◽  
Amar Kanekar ◽  
Vinayak K. Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Demographic Covariates

Meditation is gaining popularity as adjuvant therapy for many chronic ailments, mental well-being, and spiritual growth. Behavioral theories have been underutilized in understanding meditation behavior. This study aimed to test if a fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) could explain the intent for starting and maintaining meditation behavior in a sample of US adults. A face and content valid 48-item instrument based on MTM was administered in a cross-sectional design through an online survey (n = 330). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70) and construct validation using structural equation modeling of the subscales were all acceptable. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that, after controlling for demographic covariates, the MTM constructs of participatory dialogue (β  =  0.153; P  =  .002) and behavioral confidence (β  =  0.479; P < .001) were statistically significant in predicting intent for starting meditation behavior and accounted for 32.9% of the variance. Furthermore, after controlling for demographic covariates, the MTM constructs of emotional transformation (β  =  0.390; P < .001) and changes in the social environment (β  =  0.395; P < .001) were statistically significant and accounted for 52.9% of the variance in the intent for maintaining meditation behavior. Based on this study, it can be concluded that MTM offers a pragmatic framework to design, implement, and evaluate evidence-based (theory-based) meditation behavior change interventions.

scholarly journals Explaining Handwashing Behavior in a Sample of College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change: A Single Institutional Cross-Sectional Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Kavita Batra ◽  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Amanda H. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, handwashing offers a simple and effective hygienic measure for disease prevention. Reportedly, a significant proportion of college students did not follow handwashing recommendations provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the pre-COVID era. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore and explain the handwashing behavior among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic using a contemporary fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. Data were collected from 713 college students at a large public university in the Southern U.S. in October 2020 using a validated 36-item survey. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression modeling. Among students not following handwashing recommendations, the constructs of participatory dialogue (β = 0.152; p < 0.05) and behavioral confidence (β = 0.474; p < 0.0001) were statistically significant and accounted for 27.2% of the variance in the likelihood of initiation of the behavior. Additionally, the constructs of emotional transformation (β = 0.330; p < 0.0001), practice for change (β = 0.296; p < 0.0001), and changes in the social environment (β = 0.180; p < 0.05) were statistically significant and accounted for 45.1% of the variance in the likelihood of sustaining handwashing behavior. This study highlights the applicability and usability of the MTM in designing and testing behavior change interventions and media messaging in campaigns targeting college students.

Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment. Research limitations/implications – The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance). Practical implications – Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership. Social implications – Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being. Originality/value – The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.

scholarly journals Testing Multi-Theory Model (MTM) in Explaining Sunscreen Use among Florida Residents: An Integrative Approach for Sun Protection

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Matthew Asare ◽  
Erin Largo-Wight ◽  
Julie Merten ◽  
Mike Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Usage Behavior

Florida residents have the second highest incidence of skin cancer in the nation. Sunscreen usage was found to be the one of the most effective integrative health approaches for reducing risk of skin cancer. Given the limited information on the likelihood of adopting and continuing sunscreen usage behavior, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the correlates of initiating and sustaining sunscreen usage behavior among Florida dwellers, using the fourth-generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of behavior change. A web-based survey containing 51 questions was emailed to Florida residents aged 18 years or above, who were randomly selected from the state voter file. Psychometric validity of the survey instrument was established using structural equation modeling, and Cronbach’s alpha values were calculated for assessing the internal consistency. An independent-samples-t-test and hierarchical multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that participants who engaged in sunscreen usage behavior, participatory dialogue (β = 0.062, p < 0.05), behavioral confidence (β = 0.636, p < 0.001), and changes in the physical environment (β = 0.210, p < 0.001) were statistically significant and accounted for 73.6% of the variance in initiating sunscreen usage behavior. In addition, the constructs of emotional transformation (β = 0.486, p < 0.001) and practice for change (β = 0.211, p < 0.001), as well as changes in the social environment (β = 0.148, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of maintaining sunscreen usage behavior and contributed to 59% of variance in sustenance. These findings offer a valuable insight regarding the applicability of MTM models to guiding public health interventions promoting sunscreen usage and preventing UV radiation risk and related skin cancer.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pinedo ◽  
Isabel Vicario-Molina ◽  
Eva González Ortega ◽  
Andrés Palacios Picos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
And Gender

The COVID-19 disease has forced governments to adopt exceptional measures. The lockdown decreed in Spain in 2020 required citizens to stay confined at home, which might have affected their mental health. The objective is to identify factors that influenced adults' mental health during this period. A sample of 3,508 adults from the Spanish general population completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic data and information about daily planning and activities, healthy habits, loneliness, coping humor and mental health. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. According to the results, the proposed model showed good fit values, and latent variables explained 30% of the variance in mental health. Loneliness, coping humor, healthy habits, age and gender had a significant weight in the prediction of mental health during lockdown. Area of residence, number of days of confinement and number of people in the household were not related to mental health. This study addresses the effect of COVID-19 and social distancing measures by identifying risk and protective factors for the development of mental health difficulties. There is a need to target specific and early interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic while increasing well-being, especially in more vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Utilizing Multi-Theory Model in Determining Intentions to Smoking Cessation Among Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak K Nahar ◽  
Amanda H Wilkerson ◽  
Falguni C Patel ◽  
Richard W Kim ◽  
Philip M Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

Background: Smoking is a risk factor for lung cancers, and a myriad of other acute and chronic ailments. The purpose of this study was to predict initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation among smokers using a fourth-generation behavioral framework, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. Methods: A convenience sample of smokers from a shopping mall in rural, Appalachian Kentucky county was invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A 38-item, face and content validated, MTM-based survey instrument was administered to the participants. Results: A total of 148 participants completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 35.53 (SD = 14.52) years. Most were male (58.1%) and Caucasian (95.9%). Participants reported smoking for an average of 16.45 (SD = 13.12) years. Participatory dialogue (β = 0.235, P = .003) and behavioral confidence (β = 0.305, P = .005) were significant predictors of intention for initiation for smoking cessation behavior. Emotional transformation (β = 0.319, P = .001) was a significant predictor of intention for sustenance for smoking cessation behavior. Discussion: Two of the MTM constructs for initiation and one of the MTM constructs for sustenance of change accounted for a moderate amount of variance in initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation behavior among community members in a rural, Kentucky county. MTM has utility for predicting both initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation behavior. Future interventions using MTM constructs should be developed for smoking cessation behavior change.

scholarly journals Impacts of Morally Distressing Experiences on the Mental Health of Canadian Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Anthony Nazarov ◽  
Callista A. Forchuk ◽  
Dominic Gargala ◽  
Erisa Deda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractObjectiveResearch is urgently needed to understand health care workers’ (HCWs’) experiences of moral-ethical dilemmas encountered throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and their associations with organizational perceptions and personal well-being. The purpose of this research is to evaluate associations between workplace experiences during COVID-19, moral distress, and the psychological well-being of Canadian HCWs.MethodA total of 1383 French- and English-speaking Canadian HCWs employed during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited to participate in an online survey. Participants completed measures reflecting moral distress, perceptions of organizational response to the pandemic, burnout, and symptoms of psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.ResultsStructural equation modeling showed that when organizational predictors were considered together, resource adequacy, positive work life impact, and ethical work environment negatively predicted severity of moral distress, whereas COVID-19 risk perception positively predicted severity of moral distress. Moral distress also significantly and positively predicted symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and burnout.ConclusionsOur findings highlight an urgent need for HCW organizations to implement strategies designed to prevent long-term moral and psychological distress within the workplace. Ensuring availability of adequate resources, reducing HCW risk of contracting COVID-19, providing organizational support regarding individual priorities, and upholding ethical considerations are crucial to reducing severity of moral distress in HCWs.

scholarly journals Application of Learning Management System (LMS) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sustainable Acceptance Model of the Expansion Technology Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10991
Author(s):  
Uthman Alturki ◽  
Ahmed Aldraiweesh
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Management System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Learning Management

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of universities and colleges throughout the world, with the hope that public health officials’ suggestion of social distancing would help flatten the sickness curve and reduce overall mortality from the outbreak. However, the Learning Management System (LMS) is the perfect approach for fostering the dedication of students to content in education like sustainability. Previous studies have seldom investigated an integrated approach in the context of LMS in industrialized nations. In addition, this paper aims to include a literature analysis of recent research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the area of LMS usage, as well as to investigate variables predicting the usage of LMS by higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic for students’ engagement. On the basis of LMS usage data obtained from an online survey, structural equation modeling (SEM) and route analysis were utilized to verify the research model, a survey consisting of student LMS users King Saud University. The findings showed that the desire of students to use LMS had beneficial effects during the COVID-19 pandemic on learning as sustainability engagement. Also, student-perceived closeness, peer references and subjective well-being are favorably associated with the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, this, in turn, influences students’ intentions to utilize, which, in turn, effects the usage of LMS for student engagement during COVID-19.

Virtuous leadership: a source of employee well-being and trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-970
Author(s):  
Martijn Hendriks ◽  
Martijn Burger ◽  
Antoinette Rijsenbilt ◽  
Emma Pleeging ◽  
Harry Commandeur
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Virtuous Leadership

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a supervisor’s virtuous leadership as perceived by subordinates influences subordinates’ work-related well-being and to examine the mediating role of trust in the leader and the moderating roles of individual leader virtues and various characteristics of subordinates and organizations. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted through Prolific among a self-selected sample of 1,237 employees who worked with an immediate supervisor across various industries in primarily the UK and the USA. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The empirical results indicate that an immediate supervisor’s virtuous leadership as evaluated by the subordinate positively influences all three considered dimensions of work-related well-being – job satisfaction, work-related affect and work engagement – for a wide variety of employees in different industries and countries. A subordinate’s greater trust in the supervisor fully mediates this positive influence for job satisfaction and work engagement and partially for work-related affect. All five individual core leader virtues – prudence, temperance, justice, courage and humanity – positively influence work-related well-being. Practical implications The findings underscore that promoting virtuous leadership is a promising pathway for improved employee well-being, which may ultimately benefit individual and organizational performance. Originality/value Despite an age-old interest in leader virtues, the lack of consensus on the defining elements of virtuous leadership has limited the understanding of its consequences. Building on recent advances in the conceptualization and measurement of virtuous leadership and leader character, this paper addresses this void by exploring how virtuous leadership relates to employees’ well-being and trust.

scholarly journals Applications of the fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change toobesogenic behaviors in college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors

Obesity is a public health crisis that has reached pandemic proportions. It has multifactorial etiology and multiple negative physical and psychological consequences. Controlling the problem by altering obesogenic behaviors among college students is especially important because there is growing prevalence in this subgroup, there are long term effects for this subgroup, they are in formative years for obesogenic behaviors, and these behaviors are widely prevalent in this subgroup. The multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change is a new fourth-generation behavioral theory that has been applied to study obesogenic behaviors among college students. The purpose of this review was to examine the robustness and utility of MTM in designing efficacious and effective interventions to address obesogenic behaviors among US college students. A total of five studies published in MEDLINE, CINAHL, or ERIC met the inclusion criteria.The mean adjusted R2 for the initiation model based on the five studies was 0.38 (s.d. 0.15) and the mean adjusted R2 for the sustenance model was 0.34 (s.d. 0.14). The construct of behavioral confidence in the initiation model and the construct of emotional transformation in the sustenance model were significant in all five studies. MTM offers a feasible and practical framework for designing health promotion interventions for college students to address obesogenic behaviors

scholarly journals Inclusion and affective well-being: roles of justice perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Le ◽  
Zhou Jiang ◽  
Yuka Fujimoto ◽  
Ingrid Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating roles of procedural justice and distributive justice in the organizational inclusion-affective well-being relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 253 Australian employees using an online survey. The study used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Findings Organizational inclusion was positively related to both distributive justice and procedural justice. The relationship between organizational inclusion and affective well-being was mediated by both distributive justice and procedural justice. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design may have limited the empirical inferences; however, the proposed model was based on robust theoretical contentions, thus mitigating the limitation of the design. Data were collected from a single organization, thus limiting generalizability. Practical implications Implementation of inclusion training activities at organizational, group, and individual levels is important to enhance perceptions of organizational inclusion and subsequently improve employee affective well-being. Originality/value Based on the group engagement model and group-value model of justice, this paper adds to the literature by demonstrating two mediating mechanisms driving the organizational inclusion-affective well-being relationship.

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