scholarly journals The prevalence of childhood bereavement in Scotland and its relationship with disadvantage: the significance of a public health approach to death, dying and bereavement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 263235242097504
Author(s):  
Sally Paul ◽  
Nina Vaswani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Childhood Bereavement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Close Family Member ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Bereavement Care

Background and Method: There is an absence of research on the prevalence of bereavement during early childhood and the relationship between childhood bereavement and socioeconomic status (SES) and this poses a challenge in both understanding and supporting children’s bereavement experiences. Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Scotland study, which tracks the lives of three nationally representative cohorts of children, this paper aimed to address these gaps in research. It specifically drew on data from Birth Cohort 1 to document the recorded bereavements of 2,815 children who completed all 8 sweeps of data collection, from age 10 months to 10 years. Findings: The study found that 50.8% of all children are bereaved of a parent, sibling, grandparent or other close family member by age 8 and this rises to 62% by age 10. The most common death experienced was that of a grandparent or other close relative. The study also found that children born into the lowest income households are at greater risk of being bereaved of a parent or sibling than those born into the highest income households. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the prevalence of childhood bereavement and its relationship with disadvantage, this paper argues that there is an important need to understand bereavement as a universal issue that is affected by the social conditions in which a child becomes bereaved, as well as an individual experience potentially requiring specialist support. This paper thus seeks to position childhood bereavement more firmly within the public health approach to palliative and bereavement care discourse and contends that doing so provides a unique and comprehensive opportunity to better understand and holistically respond to the experience of bereavement during childhood.

scholarly journals Penerapan Proses Rehabilitasi Pada Penyalahguna Narkotika Sebagai Upaya Pemulihan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Bastianto Nugroho ◽  
Siti Rahayu ◽  
M. Roesli ◽  
Reinhard Yeremia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

Narcotics are substances or drugs that are very useful and necessary for the treatment of certain diseases. However, if it is misused or used not in accordance with the standard of treatment it can have very detrimental consequences for individuals or society, especially the younger generation. This will be more detrimental if accompanied by the abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics which can result in a greater danger to the life and cultural values of the nation which in turn can weaken national resilience.In its development, Law No. 22/1997 on Narcotics is deemed unable to answer the many aspects of the narcotics problem.One of them is recognizing the negative impact on public health who are in the position of perpetrators, users, and victims of narcotics abuse.In response to this, the Government then established Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics.The law aims to find a balance point between the public health approach and the implementation of criminal instruments in overcoming narcotics crime.This research is a normative juridical research, namely research that describes in detail the social phenomena that are the main problems in everyday life associated with the applicable positive criminal law regulations.A normative legal research is intended to provide data as accurate as possible on the crime of narcotics abuse.

Applying a Public Health Approach to Drug Abuse Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson M. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Drug Abuse Prevention ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Applying a public health perspective to drug abuse research has far-reaching implications. First, the health of the entire community is of concern, not just the individual patient. Because of the social impact of drug abuse, these problems become the responsibility of all citizens to address. Second, the perspective requires treating drug abuse as a health issue, not as a criminal justice, moral, or social issue. Third, as in other branches of medicine, applying this perspective to drug abuse research will encourage development of the most effective ways to enhance drug abuse prevention and treatment interventions through cross-disciplinary approaches. The public health approach requires studies that (1) determine need for intervention; (2) provide clues about etiology; (3) determine effective approaches, systems, and financing strategies; and (4) measure the impact of interventions and services on the health of a population. Overall, attending to the public health implications of research will help to assure the maximum impact of scientific findings.

scholarly journals A Panel Evaluation of the Changes in the General Public’s Social-Media-Following of United States’ Public Health Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272199545
Author(s):  
Areej Khokhar ◽  
Aaron Spaulding ◽  
Zuhair Niazi ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi ◽  
Rami Manochakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Importance: Social media is widely used by various segments of society. Its role as a tool of communication by the Public Health Departments in the U.S. remains unknown. Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media following of the Public Health Departments of the 50 States of the U.S. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were collected by visiting the Public Health Department web page for each social media platform. State-level demographics were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to collect information regarding the Governance of each State’s Public Health Department. Health rankings were collected from “America’s Health Rankings” 2019 Annual report from the United Health Foundation. The U.S. News and World Report Education Rankings were utilized to provide information regarding the public education of each State. Exposure: Data were pulled on 3 separate dates: first on March 5th (baseline and pre-national emergency declaration (NED) for COVID-19), March 18th (week following NED), and March 25th (2 weeks after NED). In addition, a variable identifying the total change across platforms was also created. All data were collected at the State level. Main Outcome: Overall, the social media following of the state Public Health Departments was very low. There was a significant increase in the public interest in following the Public Health Departments during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: With the declaration of National Emergency, there was a 150% increase in overall public following of the State Public Health Departments in the U.S. The increase was most noted in the Midwest and South regions of the U.S. The overall following in the pandemic “hotspots,” such as New York, California, and Florida, was significantly lower. Interesting correlations were noted between various demographic variables, health, and education ranking of the States and the social media following of their Health Departments. Conclusion and Relevance: Social media following of Public Health Departments across all States of the U.S. was very low. Though, the social media following significantly increased during the early course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it still remains low. Significant opportunity exists for Public Health Departments to improve social media use to engage the public better.

scholarly journals Politics of citizenship during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can educators do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeela Arshad-Ayaz ◽  
M. Ayaz Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fault Lines

AbstractAs a once in a 100 years emergency, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in repercussions for the economy, the polity, and the social. Also, the ongoing pandemic is as much a teaching moment as it to reflect on the lack of critical citizenship education. The fault lines of the health system have become visible in terms of infection and death rates; the fault lines of the educational system are now apparent in the behavior of the citizens who are flouting the public health guidelines and, in certain cases, actively opposing these guidelines. The main objective of this commentary is to initiate a dialogue on the social contract between the state and the subjects and to see how education and educators can respond to the challenge of the new normal. It is contended that education under the new normal cannot afford to keep educating for unbridled productivity education under the new normal. It must have welfare, human connections, ethical relationships, environmental stewardship, and social justice front and center.

The public health approach to suicide prevention in Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Rochford ◽  
P. Dodd ◽  
C. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Extended Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Implementation

Abstract This article provides an overview of the public health approach to suicide in Ireland. The authors provide detail on the current suicide prevention strategy in Ireland, Connecting for Life, which is a whole-of-government, systemic, multicomponent national strategy. As the strategy enters its final extended phase of implementation over the period 2020–2024, the public health elements of Connecting for Life are presented, including the population level and more targeted approaches. The findings of an interim review of the strategy are discussed, in addition to the local and national implementation structures which are in place to assist implementation and monitoring of the strategy.

Sweden: an extended working life policy that overlooks gender considerations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clary Krekula ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Engström ◽  
Aida Alvinius
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Scheme

The Swedish government policy on extended working life has since its introduction in the mid-1990s aimed to lower the costs of the public pension system and to reduce the financial burden for workers. By focusing on an idealised category of those who are "willing and able to work longer", the policy has neglected the obstacles faced by those with physically demanding jobs or with a big responsibility to care for a close relative. This mainly affects women and upholds a neoliberal view of older people. By only problematizing gender perspective on the challenges to gender equality in working life, a narrow understanding of gender equality is created which deviates from other national gender equality policies. The policy debate thereby contributes also to excluding older women and men from the Swedish gender equality project. Despite the argument that an extended working life is needed to ensure the value of pensions, this does not apply to those who are unable to continue working - they are instead expected to rely on the social security scheme.

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