Comparison of the Doppler Indices in the Ophthalmic Artery and Central Retinal Artery in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Objective: Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which damages the retina due to blood flow remodeling of occular vessels. Early stages of diabetic retinopathy may not present with patient symptoms. Doppler indices, of the ophthalmic arteries, could help in determining the effect of diabetic vascular remodeling. This research was designed to compare the Doppler indices, in the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery, in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 72 total patients. Sonography was performed on the ophthalmic arteries of 36 diabetics and 36 nondiabetics, to compare Doppler indices. All patients were voluntarily consented to this research that was approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Doppler parameters recorded were peak systolic velocity, end dystopic velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index, which were taken in both patient groups and compared. Results: A significant difference was noted in the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistive index for diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, with a statistically significant set at .01. Conclusions: There was a significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic ophthalmic Doppler indices in this cohort of patients. This cohort demonstrated vascular remodeling of the ophthalmic arteries, caused by diabetes; therefore, blood flow resistance was increased due to diabetes.

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Role of Duplex Color Doppler Study of Uterine Artery in the Early Diagnosis of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v20i2.42008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 87-91

Author(s):

Sohely Sultana ◽

Tarana Yasmin ◽

Md Nazir Uddin Mollah ◽

Shyamal Kumar Roy ◽

Mohammad Sazzad Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Complex Disease ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Wave Form ◽

College Hospital ◽

Doppler Study ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Doppler Indices

Background: Duplex Colour Doppler Sonography is gaining increasing popularity for assessment of blood vessels in various disease processes around the world as well as for the surveillance of fetus compromised by intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and to assess foetal structural abnormalities and complex disease processes. Materials & methods: This cross sectional study was carried out to observe Doppler wave form in subjects with preeclampsia enrolling 40 subjects with preeclampsia, in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of six months from 20th May 2012 to 19th November 2012. A total number of 40 normal pregnancies were also included for comparison. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), Resistive index (RI), Pulsatility index (PI) in different groups of study subjects from 24th to 37th weeks were observed and compared for any significant differences. Results: Majority (35% in normal and 37.5% in preeclampsia) of the respondents were found in the age group of 21-30 years. Unpaired t-test revealed no significant difference between mean age between two groups. Among normal group, mean±SD PSV, EDV, PI and RI were 43.94±15.41 cm/sec and 15.51 (±4.93) cm/sec, 1.12±0.0846 and 0.571 (±0.058) respectively. Mean PSV, EDV, PI and RI were 83.19±18.44 cm/sec, 11.86±5.19 cm/sec, 2.497±0.369 and 0.8255±0.087 in preeclampsia group. There was statistically significant (By unpaired ttest) difference in mean Doppler indices between these two groups. It was observed that early diastolic notch was found in 90% subjects with preeclampsia. Early diastolic notch was observed in Doppler wave form in 5% subject with normal pregnancy. Chi-square test showed that there was statistically significant difference in presence of early diastolic notch between normal subjects and subjects with preeclampsia. Conclusions: From the study result it was concluded that Doppler indices with presence of early diastolic notch are reliable indicators for early detection of preeclampsia. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (2) : 87-91

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Contribution of ocular B-mode and triplex Doppler in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352013000200009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 359-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A.R. Feliciano ◽

M.A. Abrahim ◽

R.V.R. Peixoto ◽

K.L. Yasunaga ◽

W.R.R. Vicente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Doppler Evaluation ◽

The Right

The findings of b-mode and especially triplex Doppler ocular ultrasound in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts, which bring a contribution not yet reported in veterinary medicine, were reported. Ten Poodle dogs of varied ages and presenting cataracts were used. All animals were evaluated for ophthalmic and ultrasound examination. The ultrasound examination allowed the evaluation of the sonographic anatomy of the eye and measurement of the axial thickness of the lens (ATL). Using the Doppler mode, the blood flow of the ophthalmic artery and its vascular indexes, systolic velocity (SV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. Values found for ATL were 5.89±1.05 for the right eye (OD) and 6.07±1.32 for the left eye (OS). Values found using Doppler evaluation were SV OD: 26.54±7.05 and SV OS: 29.21±11.18; PI OD: 1.89±0.61 and PI OS: 1.7±0.35; RI OD: 0.76±0.1 and RI OS: 0.72±0.09 (OS). It was concluded that triplex Doppler was important for the determination of vascular indexes of the ophthalmic artery, which can be used for monitoring animals with hemodynamic alterations of the eyes and monitoring the therapy of ocular diseases.

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Comparision of the effects of subtenon’s and subconjunctival anesthesia on retroorbital hemodynamics

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-008-0039-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Hasan Cakmak ◽

Mehmet Coskun ◽

Huseyin Simavli ◽

Mehmet Gumus ◽

Ali Ipek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Central Retinal Artery ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Cataract Operation ◽

Anesthesia Group ◽

Ciliary Arteries ◽

Retinal Artery

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare retroorbital blood flow hemodynamics between subconjunctival and sub-Tenon’s anesthesia. This was a prospective, blinded study and included 80 cases. Patients were monitored and treated in the First Ophthalmology Clinic, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Sub-Tenon’s anesthesia was performed in 42 cases, and subconjunctival anesthesia was performed in 38 cases. Color Doppler imaging to measure ocular blood flow parameters was performed preoperatively and 21 days after cataract operation in each case. Preoperative and postoperative values of resistivity and pulsatility indices in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries were compared. Postoperative mean blood flow velocity measurements of ophthalmic artery were not statistically different between the subconjunctival anesthesia group and the sub-Tenon’s anesthesia group (49.63 ± 14.00 vs. 45.85 ± 13.41; P=0.389). Postoperative RI values were higher in the Subtenon’s anesthesia group than in the subconjunctival anesthesia group, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (0.81 ± 0.14 vs. 0.74 ± 0.08; P=0.079). The postoperative pulsatility index of the ophthalmic artery, RI of ophthalmic artery, pulsatility index of the central retinal artery, RI of the central retinal artery, and pulsatility index of the posterior ciliary arteries were not significantly different between the subconjunctival and sub-Tenon’s anesthesia groups. In conclusion, the study suggests that postoperative retroorbital blood flow hemodynamics are the same following sub-Tenon’s and subconjunctival anesthesia.

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Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris)

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.87308 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Ivan Felismino Charas Dos Santos ◽

Letícia Rocha Inamassu ◽

Sheila Canevese Rahal ◽

Maria Jaqueline Mamprim ◽

David José De Castro Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Normal Values ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Resistivity Index ◽

Diastolic Velocity ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

The Right

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).Discussion: No studies regarding to femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs were found in the literature. These results can be used as normal reference values of Dopplerfluxometric parameters for adult dogs. The literature cited only Dopplerfluxometric values of renal arteries, abdominal aorta and of the internal thoracic artery. The normal values of arterial Dopplerfluxometry is necessary to identify the spectral quantitative characteristics of the blood flow for diagnosis and prognosis of vascular diseases. Authors referred to changes in blood perfusion by Dopplerfluxometry examination, but no changes in B-mode ultrasonography. The femoral Resistivity Index values can be used to correlate the postoperative evolution in dogs submitted to femoral bone, hip and knee surgeries, since Dopplerfluxometry allows blood flow assessment in the femoral region muscles. Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, stress, exercise, and diseases as hypotension, renal lesion, hepatic diseases, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism can change the Dopplerfluxometric parameters. All dogs which used in this study were clinically healthy, and were used beagle dogs due to lowest variations within breed. Sedation was avoid due to possible changes in Dopplerfluxometric parameters since the use of sedation or tranquilization in animals is strongly discussed due to possible hemodynamic changes that may occur during the examination. In conclusion, the mean values of the right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in male and female adult healthy dogs is Resistivity Index (0.887); Pulsatility Index (1.599); peak systolic velocity (124.41 cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (14.12 cm/s), femoral artery diameter (3.9 mm).

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Duplex Sonography of Normal Renal Allografts

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518903000112 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

B. Schwaighofer ◽

F. Kainberger ◽

F. Fruehwald ◽

P. Huebsch ◽

N. Gritzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Duplex Sonography ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Renal Allografts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Renal Artery ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Blood Flow Measurements

Thirty-five patients with normal renal allografts as well as 10 healthy volunteers with normal native kidneys were examined by duplex sonography. Blood flow measurements were performed in the main renal artery as well as in segmental, interlobar and arcuate arteries. In both groups the normal range of variation in blood flow was defined by using the resistive index (RI). Doppler wave forms and RI of main renal arteries were both similar to those of their branches. In renal allografts as well as in native kidneys the blood flow pattern showed a rapid up-slope in systole followed by a gradual down-slope in early diastole, with a persistent flow throughout diastole. In addition, there was no significant difference in the RI between allografted and native kidneys. The interobserver variability was less than 10 per cent. The mean RI was 0.68 using all data points. Vascular rejection in 11 patients could be discriminated significantly (p<0.001). Duplex sonography is useful in evaluating renal blood flow. This simple and non-invasive technique seems to be useful in long-term follow-up of renal allograft recipients.

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Determination of Blood Flow in Superficial Arteries of Human Face using Doppler Ultrasonography in Young Adults

The International Journal of Frontier Sciences ◽

10.37978/tijfs.v5i1.339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nedal Iqbal ◽

Khubaib Shahid ◽

Muhammad Imtiaz ◽

Faiqua Yasser ◽

Ayesha Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Facial Artery ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Human Face ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Diseased State

Background: Human face is highly vascular region and vascularity to the skin and other organs is an important indicator of health and disease. Change in blood flow is affected by aging, diabetes, high blood triglycerides, cigarette smoking etc. With so many factors that can alter blood flow in the skin, normal blood flow is important to know for comparison to diseased state. Blood flow in superficial arteries of face has not yet been described, therefore this study was designed to establish baseline blood flow values in arteries of face. Materials and Methods: Blood flow of right and left side was assessed at level of facial and infraorbital artery. Categorical variables were presented in form of frequency and percentages was done by using Mann-Whitney U. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to compare left and right facial and infra orbital arteries. Results: Peak systolic velocity of right and left facial artery had a significant difference having right side mean of 67.02±12.48 and left side mean as 72.67±11.69. Facial artery diameter of right and left side also had significant difference with mean of 0.14±0.02 and 0.15±0.02 respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found between vascularity in male & female and left or right side. The study might be useful to establish normal baseline values of various parameters on both sides of face in male and female adults. This study may become important reference for future studies measuring blood flow and even progression of vascular diseases may be assessed by indexes developed on the basis of these studies.

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Doppler Flow Velocity Indices (RI, PI, S/D & PSV) of Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery in Normal Pregnancies: Correlation with Gestational Age of 20 to 40 Weeks

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12306 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77-80

Author(s):

Md Abu Taher ◽

Nuzhat Tasmin ◽

AS Mohiuddin ◽

Md Mohit Ul Alam ◽

Md Mofazzal Sharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Doppler Flow ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Doppler Indices

This observational type of descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM selecting 70 Bangladeshi pregnant babies with the aim to find out the normogram of foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler flow velocity indices and correlation between Doppler flow velocity indices [Resistance Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D) & Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV)] of foetal middle cerebral artery and gestational age in normal pregnancies of 20 to 40 weeks. It was observed that RI, PI and S/D were decreased with the advance of gestational age but PSV was increases with the advance of gestational age. Statistical analyses showed there were significant difference between mean PSV, RI and PI before and after 25 weeks of gestation. No significant difference was found between mean S/D before and after 25 weeks of gestation. It was observed from Correlation analysis between Doppler indices with independent gestational age that all the Doppler indices of foetal middle cerebra artery was positively correlated with the whole gestation period. The statistical analysis showed only PSV and RI were significantly correlated with the gestational age. Simple regression analysis between dependent Doppler index with independent gestational age before and after 25 weeks revealed that all the Doppler indices had positive relationship with the corresponding gestational age but relationship between PSV and PI (before 25 weeks) with their corresponding gestational ages were only statistically significant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12306 Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2) 77-80

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Prenatal Percutaneous Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Chorioangioma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy ◽

10.1159/000517392 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Hanane Bouchghoul ◽

Alexandra Benachi ◽

Marie-Victoire Senat

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Laser Photocoagulation ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Doppler Flow ◽

Complete Cessation ◽

Feeding Vessels ◽

Doppler Indices ◽

The Right

Introduction: In Doppler flow diagnosis of a large placental chorioangioma with vascularization, there may be fetal consequences as cardiac output failure and polyhydramnios. Prenatal percutaneous fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of chorioangioma is a therapeutic option. First, we present 2 cases of chorioangioma treated by fetoscopic laser photocoagulation. Second, we conducted a narrative review to identify all reported cases of chorioangioma treated by fetoscopic laser photocoagulation. Case Presentation: Case 1 presented a chorioangioma measuring 48 × 36 × 42 mm, and the Doppler flow study showed vascularization with a high flow rate. The fetus showed dilatation of the right cardiac chambers, moderate tricuspid insufficiency, normal Doppler indices, and polyhydramnios. Case 2 presented a chorioangioma measuring 58 × 36 × 31 mm associated with polyhydramnios and elevated peak systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery at 49 cm/s, that is, 1.65 MoM. The procedure was performed at 22+2 and 23+5 WG for both cases. Photocoagulation of the chorioangioma vessels was performed first on the small superficial vessels (capillaries) and then on the feeding vessels (artery first and then vein), until complete cessation of blood flow on ultrasound. Successful devascularization was achieved when flow within the chorioangioma’s feeding vessels was no longer visualized on intraoperative ultrasound examination using Doppler flow. The ultrasound follow-up showed complete cessation of blood flow in the chorioangioma, normalization of fetal signs, and normal fetal growth in both cases. In case 1, a 2,350-g boy was delivered vaginally after spontaneous labor at 33+6 WG. In case 2, a 2,700-g boy was delivered vaginally after spontaneous labor at 39+2 WG. Neonatal findings were normal, and the outcome at 1 year was normal for both children. Conclusion: Prenatal percutaneous fetoscopic laser photocoagulation improves survival in large chorioangioma, despite a risk of fetal death in utero.

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298 Effects of parity on late gestational uterine blood flow and hemodynamics in beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Allison M Meyer ◽

Natalie B Duncan ◽

Katy S Stoecklein ◽

Emma L Stephenson

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pulsatility Index ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Artery Blood Flow ◽

Diastolic Velocity

Abstract To determine parity effects on late gestational uteroplacental blood flow, uterine artery hemodynamics were measured in 13 primiparous and 11 multiparous (parity 3 and 4) non-lactating, fall-calving crossbred females beginning 109 d prepartum. Females were nutritionally managed as one group to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of the both uterine arteries was conducted 3 to 6 times per female across late gestation, ending at approximately 20 d prepartum. Data were analyzed with parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), day prior to calving, and their interaction in the model; day was a repeated effect. Dam BW was greater (P < 0.001) for multiparous than primiparous females, and increased (P = 0.004) as gestation progressed. Calf birth weight was unaffected (P = 0.87) by parity. The parity x day interaction tended to affect (P = 0.06) ipsilateral uterine artery blood flow (L/min), where multiparous cows had a greater increase per day. Total and contralateral uterine artery blood flow were unaffected (P ≥ 0.11) by parity, but increased (P < 0.001) with day of gestation. When expressed relative to dam BW, total and contralateral blood flow were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in primiparous than multiparous females; ipsilateral blood flow was unaffected (P ≥ 0.13) by parity, however. Ipsilateral pulsatility index and both resistance indices were unaffected (P ≥ 0.28) by parity and day, but day tended to affect (P = 0.07) contralateral pulsatility index. Parity did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) cross-sectional area, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity of either uterine artery, but all increased (P < 0.001) as gestation progressed. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.03) in primiparous than multiparous females. Data suggest that uterine artery blood flow and heart rate may be altered in primiparous females, even when birth weight is unaffected by parity.

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Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1136/wjps-2018-000030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e000030

Author(s):

Shoujiang Huang ◽

Canping Li ◽

Xiuzhen Yang ◽

Jianfeng Liang ◽

Dongpi Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Control Group ◽

Pampiniform Plexus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.

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