The Alteration Characteristics of the Lower Oxford Clay

Clay Minerals ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
Hard Samples

AbstractAlternating 'hard' and 'soft' bands at close intervals are exhibited by the slope faces of brick-pits in the Lower Oxford Clay which have been subjected to prolonged exposure. This phenomenon was investigated to evaluate the geotechnical properties which were significant in its development. The results of laboratory tests indicate that the alteration or short-term weathering characteristics of clay-shales may be influenced by the higher degree of preferred orientation of the clay-mineral component, in inducing a stronger inter-particle bond in 'hard' samples which inhibits weathering.

scholarly journals Glucose Homeostasis During Short-term and Prolonged Exposure to High Altitudes

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
Marilyn Ader ◽  
Richard N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Short Term

Long-term regulation of hexose uptake by isoproterenol in cultured 3T3 adipocytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. E706-E711 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Putten ◽  
H. M. Krans
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Hexose Uptake

Catecholamines are known to have short-term regulatory effects on fat cell hexose uptake. We examined the long-term effects of catecholamines on the insulin-sensitive 2-deoxyglucose (dGlc) uptake in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Prolonged exposure (48 h) to isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist) stimulated the basal dGlc uptake up to 90%. The effect was specific, time, concentration, and protein synthesis dependent and reversible. The effect of insulin was unaltered and superimposed on the increase in basal dGlc uptake. The long-term effect of isoproterenol was mimicked by epinephrine, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX). By contrast, short-term exposure to isoproterenol (and epinephrine) induced a protein synthesis-independent increase in basal dGlc uptake (30%) not accompanied by an increase in insulin responsiveness. Moreover, on short-term basis, DBcAMP and IBMX suppressed both the basal and insulin-stimulated uptake up to 50%. Determination of the intracellular nonphosphorylated dGlc during the uptake and of the hexokinase activity revealed that the long-term effect of isoproterenol was most likely due to alterations low in dGlc transport. In conclusion, long-term regulators of hexose uptake are in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isoproterenol, and other cAMP stimulators. The long-term effect is independent from the short-term regulatory effect of the agents and from the effect of insulin.

scholarly journals Laboratory tests as short-term correlates of stroke

BMC Neurology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Sughrue ◽  
Michael A. Swiernik ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
James P. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENTS FOR CONTROL OF GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY ON POINSETTIAS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 257C-257
Author(s):  
Susan S. Han ◽  
Jennifer Nobel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly

Whitefly infestation of poinsettias arises frequently from cuttings that were infested at the start of the season. Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using short-term elevated CO2 to eliminate whiteflies on cuttings prior to planting. Results indicated that adult greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporarium) are highly susceptible to an elevated level of CO2. All adult whiteflies are killed after exposure to 25% or 50% CO2 for less than 10 hours. Eggs, however, are more resistant than adults where 80% survived 10-hr of 50% CO2 treatment. Tests on poinsettia cuttings demonstrated that prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 resulted in the development of toxic symptoms soon after the treatments. Tolerance of 'Lilo' exceeded that of 'Supjibi', revealing differences in susceptibility of the two cultivars to the elevated CO2 treatment. Believing that the reduction in O2, rather than the elevation of CO2, was the main cause of mortality, we are currently testing the effects of hypoxia on survival of whiteflies.

scholarly journals Effect of Two Major Health Reforms on Health Care Cost and Utilization in Fars Province of Iran: Family Physician Program and Health Transformation Plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bayati ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
Farhad Lotfi ◽  
Abbas KebriaeeZadeh ◽  
Omid Barati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Utilization Of Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract Background: Family physician program (FPP) and health transformation plan (HTP) are two major reforms that have been implemented in Iran's health system in recent. The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of these two reforms on the level of service utilization and cost of health care services. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on people insured by social security organization in Fars province during 2009-2016. The data on the utilization of services and costs of general practitioner visits, specialist visits, medications, imaging, laboratory tests, and hospitalization were collected. Interrupted time series analysis was used to analyze the effect of the two mentioned reforms. Results: FPP resulted in a significant reduction in the number of specialist visits, imaging, and laboratory tests in the short term, and in the number of radiology services, laboratory tests, and hospitalization in the long term. In contrast, HTP significantly increased the utilization of radiology services and laboratory tests both in the short term and long term. Concerning the costs, FPP resulted in a reduction in costs in short and long term except general practitioners' and specialist visit, and medication in long term. However, HTP resulted in an increase in health care costs in both of the studied time periods. Conclusions: FPP has been successful in rationalizing the utilization of services. On the other hand, HTP has improved people’s access to services by increasing the utilization; but it has increased health care costs. Therefore, policymakers must adopt an agenda to revise and re-design the plan.

Orientation specificity of contrast adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Stroud ◽  
Emily E. LeDue ◽  
Nathan A. Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Orientation Specificity

Contrast adaptation is a commonly studied phenomenon in vision, where prolonged exposure to spatial contrast alters perceived stimulus contrast and produces characteristic shifts in the contrast response functions of primary visual cortex neurons in cats and primates. In this study we investigated contrast adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex with two goals in mind. First, we sought to establish a quantitative description of contrast adaptation in an animal model, where genetic tools are more readily applicable to this phenomenon. Second, the orientation specificity of contrast adaptation was studied to comparatively assess the possible role of local cortical networks in contrast adaptation. In cats and primates, predictable differences in visual processing across the cortical surface are thought to be caused by inhomogeneous local network membership that arises from the pinwheel organization of orientation columns. Because mice lack this pinwheel organization, we predicted that local cortical networks would have access to a broad spectrum of orientation signals, and contrast adaptation in mice would not be specific to the recorded cell's preferred orientation. We found that most mouse V1 neurons showed contrast adaptation that was robust regardless of whether the adapting stimulus matched the cell's preferred orientation or was orthogonal to it.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiographic characteristics, management and short-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Hong ◽  
Enling Ye ◽  
Gangqiang Sun ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Shengguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Medical Observation

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral disease. Here, we report the clinical features, management, and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Wenzhou, China, an area outside Wuhan. Methods Patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of Ruian People’s Hospital in Wenzhou, from January 21 to February 7, 2020, were recruited. Medical data on epidemiological history, demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, chest computerized tomography (CT) examination, treatment, and short-term outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Blood biochemistry and routine tests were examined using standard methods and automatic machines. CT examination was performed several times during hospitalization as necessary. Results A total of 67 confirmed COVID-19 cases were diagnosed; 64 (95.4%) were common cases and three (4.5%) were severe cases. The most common symptoms at admission were fever (86.6%), cough (77.6%), productive cough (52.2%), chest distress (17.9%), and sore throat (11.9%), followed by diarrhea (7.4%), headache (7.4%), shortness of breath (6.0%), dizziness (4.5%), muscular soreness (4.5%), and running nose (4.5%). Thirty patients (47.8%) had increased C-reactive protein levels. The CT radiographs at admission showed abnormal findings in 54 (80.6%) patients. The patients were treated mainly by oxygen therapy and antiviral drugs. By March 3, 2020, all 67 patients completely recovered and had negative nucleic acid tests. The patients were discharged from the hospital and transferred to a medical observation isolation center for further observation. Conclusion Cases of COVID-19 in Wenzhou are milder and have a better prognosis, compared to those in Wuhan. Timely and appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment are the key to achieve good outcomes.

Cytotoxic and peptidase inhibitory activities of selected non-hepatotoxic cyclic peptides from cyanobacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bubik ◽  
Bojan Sedmak ◽  
Marko Novinec ◽  
Brigita Lenarčič ◽  
Tamara T. Lah
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Human Astrocytes ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Relative Selectivity

Abstract Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a rich source of metabolites having a variety of biological activities. Two main groups of cyclic peptides, depsipeptides and ureido linkage-containing peptides, reportedly inhibit serine peptidases. We characterised their inhibitory properties against selected peptidases and investigated their influence on cell viability. The depsipeptide planktopeptin BL1125 is a strong linear competitive tight-binding inhibitor of leukocyte (K i=2.9 nm) and pancreatic (K i=7.2 nm) elastase and also of chymotrypsin (K i=6.1 nm). Anabaenopeptins B and F show no inhibition against chymotrypsin, but inhibit both elastases. The tested cyclic peptides do not inhibit trypsin, urokinase, kallikrein 1 or cysteine peptidases. All three tested cyanopeptides show no short-term cytotoxicity in concentrations of up to 10 μm, but impair the metabolic activity of normal human astrocytes after prolonged exposure (48–96 h), whereas glioblastoma cells, tumour cells of the same type, are resistant. Strong inhibition and relative selectivity of the tested cyanopeptides suggests that they are potential candidates for application in inflammatory diseases and possibly some types of cancers.

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