The research of the composition of mineral component of compact bone tissue after flow delipidation using the optic method

The results of the research of bone mineral component (BMC) composition using the Raman spectroscopy method are presented in the work. The subjects of the research were the groups of BMC samples made of compact bone tissue of cows using “Lyoplast”® technology where vacuum delipidation of initial material was replaced by the flow one by washing it out in hydrogen peroxide and ether. The solution filtration after bone tissue demineralization was used as additional treatment. The results of the experiment show that the flow delipidation can be used for preparing this biomaterial (BMC), which is cost-effective compared to standard vacuum cleaning and additional filtration stage can be rejected.

Potential Role of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystalline for Early Diagnostics of Ovarian Cancer

Calcification is one of the clinical and morphological manifestations of ovarian tumors and it begins at the initial stages of carcinogenesis. Thus, this process can be used for the early diagnostics of some malignant ovarian tumors. We compared the results of ultrasound and histology and found that calcifications of a size less than 200 μm are not detected by ultrasound. These calcified structures are round fragile particles of different sizes. In the EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) spectra, the main lines were from Ca and P, and the ratio of these elements corresponds to hydroxyapatite. Thus, we established that hydroxyapatite is the main mineral component of ovarian psammoma bodies and could be used for early diagnostics of ovarian malignant neoplasia.

Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Structure and Organization of Nanocomposites in Rats with Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

Continuous use of methylprednisolone (Mps) is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis resulting in alterations of the skeleton microstructure and increased fracture risk. The aim of the research was to assess the influence of zoledronic acid on mineral mass, micro- and nanostructure of the bones in rats, which received glucocorticoids. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle control, the introduction of methylprednisolone, 3 mg/kg/day (Mps), and Mps combined with zoledronic acid, 0.025 mg/kg (Mps+Zol.). The relative amount of a crystalline component and collagen in the bones was detected by means of X-ray diffraction, microstructure, and calcium level through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Methylprednisolone caused a decrease in the amount of a mineral component in the femoral neck (to -39.8%) in group Mps than vehicle control. It should be emphasized that the introduction of Zol. did not allow a significant decrease in a mineral component of the bone during the experiment (-11.7% on the 24th day) compared with Mps group, and indices were almost at the same level as in the control group. Zoledronic acid can partially inhibit harmful consequences of glucocorticoids for bone structure in rats and improve mineralization without impairment of crystal parameters of hydroxyapatite lattice.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PREDICTING THE MINERAL-COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION BASED ON «CORE-LOGGING» INTERCONNECTIONS

The article presents a methodology developed by the authors for calculating the lithological composition of the Bazhenov Formation in Western Siberia. It is based on the identified “core-logging” interconnections between the mineral-component composition of rocks and the physical properties of the section. The convergence of experimental data and calculated values is shown. The proposed technique was tested. The conditions of its applicability have been substantiated.

PREDICTION OF THE LITHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION BASED ON INTEGRATED INTERPRETATION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL MATERIALS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CROSS-SECTIONS IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS AREA)

The article presents a methodology developed by the authors for calculating the lithological composition of the Bazhenov Formation in Western Siberia. It is based on the identified relationships between the mineral-component composition and physical properties of rocks. The physical meaning of the identified connections has been substantiated. Satisfactory convergence of the calculated values and core data is shown. Possibilities of using the developed technique in wells not characterized by core material and limitations for its application are described.

Using the mineral component of building refuse in heavy metals sorption from their mixture

The sorption properties of the sand-breakstone mixture based on the mineral component of building refuse of the 0-10 mm fraction with respect to Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions were studied using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mechanisms of accumulation of heavy metal ions on the surface of the mixture particles are described. It was found that after washing the contaminated material distilled water, the residual concentration of metals in the filtrate does not exceed the established sanitary and hygienic standards. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of applying the results in reclamation of technogenic formations or production of materials for the technical stage of reclamation using technogenic soils.

EFFECT OF BODY VIBRATION ON STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF TIBIA NANOCOMPOSITES IN RATS WITH GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nonphysiological whole body vibration (0,3g) on the bone structure and metabolism in rats treated with methylprednisolone (3 mg/ kg/day every other day, 24 weeks). Amount of crystalline component and collagen in the bones was determined by X-ray diffraction method, and the level of calcium by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Bone metabolism was assessed by determining the concentration of markers - osteocalcinandtartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. Methylprednisolone reduced the content of the mineral component in the tibia (–16.8%) in I group compared with the control. This significantly accelerated the process of bone metabolism, as evidenced by the increased level of bone remodeling markers. It should be noted that the total nonphysiological whole body vibration did not allow a decrease in the mineral component of the bone until 16 weeks of the experiment compared with I group, although these values were lower than the control group (–28.3%). We suggests that mechanical high-frequency low-intensity whole body vibration can inhibit the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone structure.

X-RAY COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF ARTICULATE BRACHIOPODS

The advantage of the currently widely used method of X-ray computer tomography for the studying the internal structures of paleontological objects including Articulate Brachiopods, in comparison with the traditional production of thin sections and replicas is that there is no need for destruction of the object under the study. The most productive results are achieved using the SkyScan-1172 microtomograph when studying objects which obtain sufficient contrast between the mineral component of the shell and the host rock.

Cork-derived hierarchically porous hydroxyapatite with different stoichiometries for biomedical and environmental applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the major mineral component of human bone, but has a wide range of interesting and useful properties, and many applications beyond biomedicine. Here we produce HA-based...