Refinement of waste phosphogypsum from Prahovo, Serbia: characterization and assessment of application in civil engineering

Clay Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Josip I. Išek ◽  
Lazar M. Kaluđerović ◽  
Nikola S. Vuković ◽  
Maja Milošević ◽  
Ivana Vukašinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractTwo samples collected from the phosphogypsum deposits of the chemical products industry Elixir Prahovo (Serbia) were subjected to a recrystallization experiment performed over several repeated cycles. In these tests, phosphogypsum was separated into recrystallized (purified) gypsum, insoluble residue and supernatant. Both raw phosphogypsum and recrystallized gypsum were examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 238U, 235U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th and 40K were investigated using γ-ray spectrometry. Based on the activity concentration results, a number of radiometric parameters were calculated for the original and recrystallized phosphogypsum (i.e. radium equivalent activity, γ indices for construction materials, α index and external and internal hazard indices). Raw phosphogypsum samples showed greater mean activity concentration levels of 238U and 226Ra than the international recommended limits, while the recrystallized gypsum demonstrated notably lower activity concentrations for these two isotopes. The activity concentration of 226Ra in recrystallized gypsum is ~6 times lower than in raw phosphogypsum. Therefore, recrystallized gypsum does not present a radiation hazard when used as a building material, while raw phosphogypsum meets the requirements only for road construction materials.

scholarly journals Measurement Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples from Important historical locals in Alnajaf Alashraf city, Iraq.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1472-1478
Author(s):  
Heiyam N. Majeed ◽  
Ali K. Hasan ◽  
Hussein J. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf city one of the most important ,oldest, historical and religious cities in Iraqi country which includes hundreds of holy shrines and historical mosques which over the built hundreds of years. The natural radiation of  forty two  samples of soil which collected randomly in June  2013 from different religious and historical places were  measured using  3"×3" Na(Tl) detection. The mean values activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K  was ( 23.59±4.37, 12.10±0.54 and 60.68±2.30) Bq kg-1  respectively , specific activity for all soil sample were in the worldwide average. The  average values of the Radium equivalent activity and  annual effective dose  were (22.455 Bq/kg and 25.375 μSv/y) less than the world average .The heist  external and internal hazard and gamma activity concentration index were (0.274 , 0.412 and 0.705) lower than unity.

scholarly journals An Environmental Impact Study of Jamuna Urea Fertilizer Factory at

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Samad ◽  
MI Ali ◽  
D Paul ◽  
SMA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Normal Soil

The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been determined in solid and liquid samples collected from the Jamuna Urea Fertilizer Factory, Tarakandi, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. Six different types of samples, namely, i) the liquid waste water stored inside the factory ii) water sample near the liquid waste disposal point of Jamuna river iii) liquid-waste-mixed soil iv) normal soil adjacent to the factory v) the final product (Urea) and vi) urea dust of the factory have been analyzed by gamma spectrometric technique using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of 40% relative efficiency. The activity concentration of 226Ra was determined from the average concentrations of the 214Pb and 214Bi decay products, the activity concentration of 232Th was determined from the average concentrations of 208Tl and 228Ac, whereas the concentration of 40K was measured directly. The analysis of the liquid waste samples showed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th were 3.64 ± 0.72 and 12.94 ± 2.02 Bq/L, respectively and no 40K was detected in any of the samples. In the liquid-waste-mixed soil samples the average value of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 21.45 ± 3.19, 63.00 ± 8.10 and 311.97 ± 90.93 Bq/kg, respectively whereas in the normal soil the values were 20.97 ± 3.56, 61.77 ± 8.93 and 645.48 ± 103.62 Bq/kg, respectively. Considering the stored wastes as a part of the ambient environment of the factory, radium equivalent activity, radiation hazard index and external annual effective dose to the worker and the public due to these wastes were calculated and compared with the world average values.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10131J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 27-33, 2011

scholarly journals Trace elements characterisation in floodplain soils underlain by crystalline rocks, akure, southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asowata I.T ◽  
Omokolade O.G
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples

The results of the floodplain soils study on the spatial distribution of selected trace elements in top soils (0 – 30 cm) and sub soils (> 30 – 100 cm) near Ala River, Akure metropolis, are reported. The objectives of this study are to determine the concentration of trace elements in the top and bottom soils, and identify the possible enrichment sources of these elements in the floodplain area. Forty two samples (top soil 21; sub soil 21) were collected for the study. The samples were air dried at room temperature, disaggregated and sieved using 53 µg mesh size. The prepared samples were further digested using modified aqua regia of (1:1:1 HNO3: HCL: H2O). The digests were subjected to elemental analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emission Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The trace elements concentration in ppm exhibited the following distribution pattern. Cu range in ppm from 6.0 – 53.0 mean 27.43; Pb, 10.0 – 165.0, mean 58.43; Zn, 29.0 – 479.0 mean 223.1; Ni, 10.0 – 20.0, mean 14.86; Co, 16.0 – 33.0, mean 24.29; Mn, 250.0 – 1615.0, mean 983.29; Th 9.0 – 19.0, mean 14.43; V, 35.0 – 89.0, mean 73.05; La 26.0 – 84.0, mean 56.76 and Cr 11.0 – 60.0 mean 40.43. While the result for the sub soils range in ppm, Cu from 3.0 – 51.0, mean 21.24; Pb, 7.0 – 208.0, mean 56.33; Zn, 21.0 - 460.0. mean 149.14; Ni, 8.0 – 29.0, mean 13.76; Co, 12.0 – 37.0, mean 23.95; Mn, 138.0 – 2283.0, mean 806.43; Th 9.0 – 28.0, mean 17.48; V, 40.0 – 105.0, mean 68.71; La 25.0 – 96.0, mean 61.00 and Cr 12.0 – 58.0 mean 35.38. The results of both the top soils and sub soils showed higher concentration metal enrichment than the average shale values. The relative elemental mean concentration is such that Mn> Zn > V > La > Pb > Cr > Co > Cu > Th > Ni in that order. Elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Mn, Th and Cr had relatively moderate to very strong correlation coefficient (r = 0.54 0.97) with each other, which apparently indicate that these elements are of same source of enrichment in the floodplain. Pb, Zn, V, La, Th and Cr are elements that are of significant environmental concerns.   

Assessment of Radiological Significance of the Wastes Generated from the Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) Fertilizer Factory, Chittagong, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Samad ◽  
MI Ali ◽  
D Paul ◽  
SMA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was determined in solid and liquid samples collected from the TSP Fertilizer Factory, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 18 samples of seven different kinds (including liquid and solid wastes) were collected and analyzed by gamma ray spectrometry technique using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of 40% relative efficiency. The analysis of the liquid waste samples showed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th were 6.26 ± 0.63 and 10.01 ± 1.39 Bq/L, respectively and no 40K was detected in any of the liquid samples. In the solid waste samples the average value of activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 187.49 ± 4.88, 70.06 ± 11.76 and 655.94 ± 110.24 Bq/kg, respectively. Considering the stored wastes as a part of the ambient environment of the factory, radium equivalent activity, radiation hazard index and external annual effective dose to the worker and public due to these wastes were also calculated and compared with world average values. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10923 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 79-88, 2012

scholarly journals Radioactivity of some building and raw materials used in Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Sofilić ◽  
Delko Barišić ◽  
Una Sofilić ◽  
Marija Đuroković
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Radioactivity of some building and raw materials used in Croatia In the present study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in some building and raw materials used in Croatia were measured by using a gamma-ray spectrometer with the HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations of the studied different building and raw materials ranged from 11.6 ± 1.7 (concrete) to 251.2 ± 25.7 Bqkg-1 (GBFS), 14.0 ± 2.7 (concrete) to 54.4 ± 8.3 (coal fly ash) and 147.2 ± 19.0 (concrete) to 773.7 ± 82.0 Bqkg-1 (tuff) for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Radium equivalent activity, activity concentration index, absorbed gamma dose rate indoor due to the external exposure and corresponding annual effective dose were determined to estimate the exposure risk arising due to the use of these building and raw materials.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, mineralogical and radiological properties of red mud samples as secondary raw materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Nenadovic ◽  
Gabor Mucsi ◽  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Milos Nenadovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity

The main goal of the presented research was the preliminary investigation of possibility of red mud - Hungarian dump sites Almasfuzito (sample A) and Ajka (sample B) - application as a pigment or as a raw material for use in the construction materials industry. Also, the aim of this work was the characterization of red mud as industrial waste generated by the Bayer process in the aluminum industry - which may cause environmental problems if appropriate treatment is not carried out. The main mineral phases of both red mud are hematite (Fe2O3), calcite (CaCO3), gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and they consists of particles of median particle size 2.1 mm (sample A) and 2.5 mm (sample B) and have a characteristic red color, which was the reason for its testing for use in the industry of building materials as a pigment for standard concrete mixtures. The radionuclides content in the samples was determined by gamma spectrometry, and the radiological hazards originating from 238U, 232Th, 40K in the samples, were assessed through the radium equivalent activity, and the external radiation hazard index. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2010 report and the results are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals The Activity Concentrations and Radium Equivalent Activity in Soil Samples Collected from the Eastern Part of Basrah Governorate in Southern Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha S. Ahmed ◽  
Raghad S. Mohammed ◽  
Rana O. Abdaljalil
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radioactivity Level ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Southern Iraq

Clay soil samples (0, 30, and 60 cm depths) were collected from two districts (Abu Al Khasib and Ad Dayr) in Basrah governorate in southern Iraq for gamma-ray spectroscopy. The activity concentrations for natural existing radionuclides in 18 soil samples were measured using high-purity germanium detector HPGe. From the obtained results of γ-ray spectroscopy, the 238U activity concentrations were found to be ranging from 2.4 to 5.6 ppm with an average of 3.5 ppm in Abu Al Khasib and ranging from 2.1 to 4.5 ppm with an average of 2.9 ppm in Ad Dayr. 232Th concentrations were ranging from 3.6 to 7.5 ppm with an average of 4.7 ppm in Abu Al Khasib and ranging from 3.7 to 7.9 ppm with an average of 5.0 ppm in Ad Dayr. 40K concentration was ranging from 0.1% to 2.0% with an average of 1.2% in Abu Al Khasib and ranging from 0.9% to 1.8% with an average of 1.3% in Ad Dayr. High 238U and 226Ra concentration levels were recorded in both study regions. The concentrations of 232Th are within the normal limits in both regions. High levels of 40K were recorded in some locations. Generally, in most locations, 40K activity was within normal ranges. The radium equivalent activity, the external hazard index, the internal hazard index, and the radioactivity level index were calculated to estimate the radiation hazard in Basrah. The estimated radiation hazard indices were within normal limits, except the radioactivity level index, which shows elevated values. The obtained results were compared with other countries and with the worldwide median certified values.

scholarly journals Natural radioactivity in the soil of Thoulakhom district in Vientiane province, Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Sonexay Xayheungsy ◽  
Khiem Hong Le
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

Results of the first investigation of the activity concentration of the surface soil samples collected at various locations of Thoulakhom district of Vientiane province of Laos People's Democratic Republic (PDR) are presented in this work. The activity concentration of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were determined by gamma spectrometer using a highenergy resolution semiconductor detector HPGe. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides were in the range from 11.28 to 31.46 with the mean of 21.76 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, from 7.13 to 44.47 with the mean of 21.85 Bq.kg-1 for 232Th and from 8.96 to 581.52 with the mean of 112.89 Bq.kg-1 for 40K. These mean values of the activity concentration were lower than the average worldwide ones, which were 33, 45 and 420 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. The results indicate dthat the radiation hazard from natural 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radionuclides in all investigated soil samples taken from area under investigation in this work was not significant.

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Radioactivity in Soil Samples from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
P. Lamichhane ◽  
B. Rijal ◽  
P. Shrestha ◽  
B. R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Activity Concentrations

This study was conducted to determine the amount of naturally occurring radioactivity in the soil of Nepal's Kathmandu valley. The activity of naturally occurring radionuclides was determined in these soil samples using a sodium iodide detector. Activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were found in the range: 32.00-111.38 Bq kg-1, 33.52-130.04 Bq kg-1, and 342.50-897.71 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within the permissible range as recommended by UNSCEAR. The soil samples with the highest activity concentrations were primarily found in the valley's northern region. The activity concentrations were also used to calculate the radiation hazard indices: the mean value obtained were 96.63 nGy hr-1 for Absorbed Gamma Dose Rate in Air, 200.04 Bq kg-1 for Radium Equivalent Activity, the 0.12 mSv yr-1 for Annual Effective Dose, and 0.55 for External Hazard Index. These calculated hazard indices were used to estimate the potential radiological health risk from the soil, and the dose rates associated with it were significantly less than their permissible limit. The overall findings indicate no radiological threat to the population's health in the study area. Additionally, the findings of this study provide baseline information on potential radionuclides that contribute mostly for radiation exposure from natural sources.

scholarly journals Use of multivariate statistical methods to determine spatial distributions of chemical elements in soils (Mariovo region, North Macedonia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Danica Damčevska ◽  
Claudiu Tănăselia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Two Samples

The main objective of this study is to present the distribution of different chemical elements in soil samples from the Mariovo region, North Macedonia. To determine the level of presence of chemical elements, soil samples were collected from a total of 33 locations in a 5×5 km area. From each location, two samples of soil were collected: topsoil (0–5 cm) and bottom soil (20–30 cm). The analyses of soil samples were used to assess the prevalence of the chemical elements and the presence of heavy metals in the studied area. The analysis was carried out, using two instrumental methods: atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) for macro-elements, and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) for trace elements. A factor analysis was applied to reveal the relationships between the investigated variables (chemical elements). From the obtained results, spatial distribution maps of factors for the separate groups were prepared, as well as distribution maps for the analyzed elements. It was found that the distributions of most elements follow the lithology of the examined area. Factor analysis revealed the relationships between the investigated variables and could provide dimensionality reduction based on them.

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