Notes on brown hornblende and biotite from Shabō-zan, of the Dalton volcanoes, Taiwan, Japan

1931 ◽  
Vol 22 (134) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ichimura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
The North ◽  
Characteristic Cone ◽  
Grey Colour ◽  
North Western

The Dalton volcanoes include all the volcanic groups which rise up at the north-western end of Taiwan (Formosa). They are old extinct volcanoes underlain by highly disturbed Tertiary sediments. Among them Shichisei-zan is the highest and the most prominent, rising up to 1108.7 metres above sea-level. It is mostly made up of hornb]ende-andesite, hypersthene-hornblende-andesite, and agglomerates. On the western slope of this partly dissected volcano there is a very characteristic cone called Shabō-zan. Its elevation is 643 metres above sea-level, and it is mostly made up of hypersthenehornblende- andesite poured out through the thick accumulation of agglomerates. The andesite here has usually a grey colour, but often passes into a light reddish-brown variety, being sometimes associated with a noritic segregation mass. It is noteworthy that some of the andesites abundantly contain brown hornblende. This mineral also frequently appears, together with brown biotite, in the segregation mass.

scholarly journals KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO: NEW FLANK ERUPTION NAMED AFTER G.S. GORSHKOV, 2021 (KAMCHATKA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Ozerov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Girina, ◽  
D.V. Melnikov, ◽  
I.A. Nuzhdaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Cinder Cone ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Flank Eruption ◽  
Associate Member ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Bed ◽  
North Western

February 18, 2021, a flank eruption started on the north-western slope of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Cinder cone was formed at the altitude of 2 850 m above sea level, from which a lava flow was spreading north-west. Having moved 1.2 km downslope, the lava flow entered the Ehrmann Glacier, which resulted in the formation of huge mud-stone flows. The latter made their way further north-east along the Kruten’kaya River bed and reached the length of about 30 km. The eruption brought onto the surface high-aluminous basaltic andesites typical of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano. By March 21, the flank eruption ended. It has been named after G.S. Gorshkov, associate member of USSR Academy of Science, famous Russian volcanologist.

scholarly journals XII. Some anomalies in the winds of Northern India, and their relation to the distribution of barometric pressure

1887 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 335-378 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
General Review ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In

In the 13 years which have elapsed since Mr. Blanford published his paper on the Winds of Northern India, very great additions have been made to our knowledge of the meteorology of the country. The carefully organised system of observations, commenced in Bengal and the North-Western Provinces, has been extended to include the whole of India, and placed under the direction of Mr. Blanford himself, aided by local officers in all the larger provinces. Verified instruments have been supplied to all the stations, and the elevations of these above sea-level have been determined by connecting them with the lines of spirit-levelling, carried inland from the coast, in various directions, by the officers of the Great Trigonometrical Survey; or, where this was impracticable, by spirit-levelling to some of the trigonometrical stations of the Survey. In this way, trust worthy and intercomparable series of barometric observations, extending over ten years or more, have been obtained for all the more important stations. At the same time, the diurnal variations of the barometer at certain selected stations have been determined by long-continued series of hourly observations, with the object of enabling us to reduce the readings made in the ordinary way (usually at 10 a. m. and 4 p. m.) to time daily means. Simultaneously with the collection of this immense quantity of accurate and reliable barometric data, observations have been made of temperature, humidity, cloud, wind, and rain. Latterly also barometric and wind charts of the Bay of Bengal have been prepared from observations made on board ships navigating those waters. During these 13 years, the winds prevailing over the Indian continent and the Bay of Bengal, and their relations to the distribution of pressure at sea-level, have been discussed from time to time, both in their normal aspects for each month or season and in their abnormal or disturbed conditions during the passage of storms. The latter conditions in particular have been very fully described by Mr. Eliot in his numerous reports on cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, while the former have been noticed in the annual reports on the meteorology of India, in occasional papers appearing in the ‘Indian Meteorological Memoirs,' and latterly in a broad and general review in Mr. Blanford’s great monograph on the Rainfall of India.

scholarly journals Forecasting sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds at the ports in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Tuchkovenko ◽  
O. S. Matygin ◽  
V. Yu. Chepurna
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
Operational Forecasting ◽  
Forecast Lead Time ◽  
North Western

Increasing the draught of ships that may be accepted by ports for loading at their loading berths is one of the main tasks aimed at development and freight turnover enhancement of sea trade ports located in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea (cities of Chornomorsk, Odesa and Pivdennyi). An operational forecasting of short-term sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds presents a critical task for ensuring safe navigation across the ports’ water area and approach channels. The article is devoted to analysing and discussing the results of tests of a simplified 2D hydrodynamic model designed for forecasting such phenomena as upsurge and downsurge of the sea level caused by storm winds in the vicinity of sea ports in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea. Spatio-temporal variability of wind conditions at the sea-to-atmosphere boundary was set based on the data retrieved from a 10-day synoptic forecast using global atmospheric prediction model GFS (Global Forecast System). The study analyses the results of forecast of significant (the ones exceeding 30 cm) short-term sea level drops and rises at the ports which were observed in 2016, 2017 and 2020. It was established that, in case of use of the GFS forecast data, the pattern of sea level denivellations caused by storm winds and their amplitude in the majority of events start approximating to the observed values provided the forecast has a 4-day lead time. Therefore the accuracy of wind conditions variability forecast with application of the GFS model having a longer lead advance time is not sufficient for forecasting the sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds.  The study made it possible to get an acceptable equivalence between the values of sea level denivellation amplitudes which were forecast with a 1-to-3-day lead time and the ones observed afterwards. In particular, when the forecast lead time is equal to »2 days, in relation to the expected storm conditions, the average absolute error for the forecast of sea level fluctuations amplitude constituted 7-8 cm, while its permissible value was defined as 15 cm, and the average relative error – 16-18%. It allowed making a conclusion that a hydrodynamic model option, applied alongside with the forecasting information on wind conditions variability retrieved with the help of the GFS weather prediction model, may be used for operational forecasting of short-term sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds with the forecast lead time of up to 4 days.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER BASINS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN SLOPE OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAINS (ZAPADNYY BULGANAK, ALMA, KACHA, BELBEK, CHERNAYA RIVER BASINS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
V. A. Tabunshchik
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Crimean Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya rivers belong to the rivers of the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. The sources of the rivers are located on the north-western slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, then the rivers flow from east to west almost parallel to each other. Up to about the middle of their course, they have a character typical of mountain streams (except for the Zapadnyy Bulganak River). The river valleys in the upper reaches are V-shaped, narrow, their slopes are dissected by numerous gullies and tributaries. There are almost no tributaries in the middle and lower reaches. In the low-water period (low-water period), drying is observed in the estuaries of rivers. The catchment basins have an elongated shape along the river, expanded in the upper part, which is the main feeding area.The considered river basins, although they have, in comparison with the rest, the river basins of the Crimean Peninsula, are better studied in general, but they are not sufficiently studied. In the article author deals with the main morphometric characteristics of river basins of the North-Western slope of the Crimean Mountains. Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ArcGIS software for river basins Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya are analyzed the following morphometric parameters – area of the basin, the symmetry of the basin, length of the basin, width of the basin, configuration and irregularity of the outline of river basin, the highest and lowest elevation within the basin, the average altitude of the river basin, the average slope of the river basin. Some of the morphometric indicators are calculated for the first time. For morphometric indicators that were partially previously calculated using topographic maps and published in literature, a comparison and analysis with the calculated data is provided. It is established that the using of SRTM and the ArcGIS software allows for fairly accurate measurements of morphometric indicators of the river basin.

scholarly journals Holocene sea-level history and coastal evolution of the north-western Fenland, eastern England

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Brew ◽  
Benjamin P. Horton ◽  
Graham Evans ◽  
James B. Innes ◽  
Ian Shennan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Holocene Sea Level

Further Discoveries of Flint Implements in the Brown Boulder Clay of North-West Norfolk

1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reid Moir
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
North West ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
The North ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
North Western

Since my original paper on the flint implements found in the Brown Boulder Clay of north-west Norfolk, I have continued my researches in that region, and now wish to give some account of these, and of the further specimens which have been discovered in this most recent boulder clay of East Anglia. I would take this opportunity of thanking the Trustees of the Percy Sladen Fund for their kindness in supporting this research with a money grant, and so enabling me to continue my examination of an era of much interest and importance to prehistoric archæology. I am also very grateful to my friends, Mr. J. B. Calkin, Mr. Guy Maynard, and Mr. J. S. Fisher, for the valuable help they have given me in carrying out the investigation of the Brown Boulder Clay.As is now widely known, this deposit, so far as Norfolk is concerned, is confined to the north-western portion of that county, and many years ago was examined and reported upon by the Geological Survey in two of their memoırs. The Brown Boulder Clay occurs approximately at sea-level at Hunstanton, while at Brancaster, as reported by Mr. Clement Reid, the deposit is exposed at low water upon the foreshore, underlying the ‘submerged forest’ which he saw there. At other places, such as Holkham brickfield, and the remarkable formation (probably a terminal moraine) in Hunstanton Park, the boulder clay rests at about 50 ft, above O.D.

Further effects of manurial treatments on yield, composition and nutrient uptake of potato tubers, and on soil properties (1976–9)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Sharma ◽  
J. S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

The efficient use of fertilizers is important because fertilizers are one of the costliest inputs in crop production. Compared with N fertilizers, P and K fertilizers are subject to less leaching and leave sufficient residues in the soil, which are utilized by the succeeding crop. Thus a knowledge of the residual effects of P and K fertilizers is essential when formulating a fertilizer programme. In order to test the 1st year residual as well as longer-term effects of P, K and farmyard manure (FYM) on tuber yield and soil properties, a manurial experiment was started in 1970 on an acid hill soil at Fagu, Shimla representing the North Western Himalayan hills of India, at an elevation of 2500 m above sea level. The results of the experiment from 1970 to 1975 have been reported by Sharma, Grewal & Singh (1980) and the results from 1976 to 1979 are reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Extreme winter 2012 in the Adriatic: an example of climatic effect on the BiOS rhythm

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gačić ◽  
G. Civitarese ◽  
V. Kovačević ◽  
L. Ursella ◽  
M. Bensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Bottom Pressure ◽  
Climatic Effect ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
North Western

Abstract. Adriatic and Ionian Seas are Mediterranean sub-basins linked through the Bimodal Oscillating System mechanism responsible for decadal reversals of the Ionian basin-wide circulation. Altimetric maps showed that the last cyclonic mode started in 2011 but unexpectedly in 2012 reversed to anticyclone. We related this "premature" inversion to extremely strong winter in 2012, which caused the formation of very dense Adriatic waters, flooding Ionian flanks in May and inverting the bottom pressure gradient. Using Lagrangian float measurements, the linear regression between the sea surface height and three isopycnal depths suggests that the southward deep-layer flow coincided with the surface northward geostrophic current and the anti-cyclonic circulation regime. Density variations at depth in the north-western Ionian revealed the arrival of Adriatic dense waters in May and maximum density in September. Comparison between the sea level height in the north-western Ionian and in the basin centre showed that in coincidence with the arrival of the newly formed Adriatic dense waters the sea level lowered in the north-western flank inverting the surface pressure gradient. Toward the end of 2012, the density gradient between the basin flanks and its centre went to zero, coinciding with the weakening of the anticyclonic circulation and eventually with its return to the cyclonic pattern. Thus, the premature and transient reversal of Ionian surface circulation originated from the extremely harsh winter in the Adriatic, resulting in the formation and spreading of highly dense bottom waters. The present study highlights the remarkable sensitiveness of the Adriatic–Ionian BiOS to climatic forcing.

scholarly journals Beach Stability on a Tropical Uplifted Coral Atoll:  Niue Island

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Teuvirihei Helene Marsters
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Tropical Reef ◽  
North Western ◽  
Reef Platform

<p>Fundamental knowledge about the change and dynamics, and what thresholds drive sediment accumulation in tropical reef settings are poor. Little is also known about how they may respond to the higher and stormier seas that are predicted in an enhanced greenhouse world. Niue's rocky shore setting and the regular occurrence of small isolated pocket-beaches provides an ideal environment to investigate key factors that drive beaches to accumulate or erode within a tropical reef setting. Niue is the largest uplifted coral atoll in the world, covering an area of 200 km^2 and rising to 70 m above sea level. The island is characterised by a series of Pleistocene reef terraces with distinct platforms forming at the base at approximate mean sea level. Lateral reef growth at sea level is juxtaposed with landward retreat of the limestone cliffs leading to the formation of shore platforms. Geomorphological surveys of 9 sites revealed a combined reef platform width of up to 150 m with the widest section found on the leeward side of the island on the north western coast and the narrowest (<30 m) being located on the more exposed south eastern coast. Therefore, their distribution is likely related to the energy environment around the island. Beaches up to 12 m wide and 50 m long are only found in protected coves along the shoreline. Their development is determined by platform width, with beaches only occurring in areas where platform width is more than 60 m. While distance from the reef crest played a role in dissipating wave energy across the platform therefore reducing beach erosion, beach stability is reliant the morphology of the underlying ramp on the landward edge of the platform. Beaches increased in width at higher elevations therefore implying that a higher ramp can effectively reduce the amount of wave energy reaching the landward edge of the beach resulting in the accumulation of sediment. Composition analysis of 51 samples reveal that the Niuean beaches are largely composed of unconsolidated bioclastic sand and gravels derived from the surrounding reef platform. They are characterised by an assemblage of chlorozoan carbonates typical of tropical areas, in which coral and coralline algae are prominent (>50%) except on the north western platforms (Hio and Tuapa) where foraminifera is the key component. Radiocarbon dating further indicates the youth of these beaches returning modern ages for reef flat microatolls as well as the beach sand itself. These sedimentary environments on Niue are therefore intrinsically linked to the platform biota and their preservation also dependent on the frequency of cyclones. The fast recovery of the foraminifera-rich north western beaches following Tropical Cyclone Heta (2004) is an indication that the foraminifera community can re-establish quicker after cyclones. This therefore confirms that the beaches are highly dynamic, and build out or erode during alternated calm and stormy conditions. The close links between beach accumulation and their biotic communities will be strongly affected by human-induced climate change, likely leading to the beaches becoming more ephemeral in the future.</p>

Sea level rise in the north-western part of the Arabian Gulf

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Alothman ◽  
M.S. Bos ◽  
R.M.S. Fernandes ◽  
M.E. Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western
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