Minimal Residual Disease Status Predicts Progression-Free Survival in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Patients Treated with Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Low-Dose Dexamethasone (KRd)

Abstract Background: NDMM patients (pts) treated with KRd in a phase 1/2 trial (NCT01029054) demonstrated high rates of complete response (CR, 64%) and stringent complete response (sCR, 55%) that correlated with excellent estimated 3-year progression-free survival (PFS; 79%) and overall survival (OS; 96%) (Jakubowiak et al, Blood, 2012; Jasielec et al, Blood 2013; 122(21):3220). Furthermore, there was a trend towards superior outcomes in patients with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) MRD-negative disease with an estimated 3 year PFS of 84% and OS of 100%, suggesting the importance of MRD analysis in predicting relapse. In this post hoc, retrospective analysis, we present an updated evaluation of PFS based on minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Methods: Pts received 28-day cycles of carfilzomib (CFZ) 20–36 mg/m2 intravenously (days [d]1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16), lenalidomide (LEN) 25 mg orally (PO; d1–21), and dexamethasone 40/20 mg PO weekly (cycles 1–4/5–8). For cycles 8–24, KRd was given with a modified CFZ schedule (d1, 2, 15, 16), and single-agent LEN was administered after cycle 24. Pts had the option to receive stem cell transplantation after cycle 4. MRD assessment at the time of complete response (CR) was performed using 10-color MFC and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Fresh bone marrow aspirate (BMA) was used for MFC analysis as previously reported, while archived BMA slides were used for NGS analysis. The LymphoSIGHT™ NGS method employed universal primer sets to assess clonal rearrangements at the immunoglobulin loci (IGH-VDJ, IGH-DJ and IGK) in diagnostic BMA slides. Myeloma clonotypes were identified in the diagnostic BMA sample of each patient based on high-frequency within the B-cell repertoire. The level of the myeloma clonotype was then quantified in BMA slides obtained at the time of CR. Results: Twenty-two pts with CR/sCR were evaluated for MRD by both MFC and NGS methods with a median follow-up of 40 months. Limited input DNA was obtained from BMA slides (range 2,189 to 1,870,960 cell equivalents). Concordance analysis in 21 patients with both MFC and NGS MRD data revealed 11 patients that were MRD-negative by both MFC and NGS, while 2 patients were concordantly MRD-positive. NGS demonstrated greater sensitivity compared to MFC, as 8 patients were MRD-positive by NGS but MRD-negative by MFC. Three of these 8 patients relapsed. We evaluated the correlation between MRD status by NGS and PFS. Six MRD samples had less than 40,000 input cell equivalents and were removed from the progression-free survival analysis due to insufficient sample amount. MRD negativity by NGS in KRd patients at the time of CR was associated with longer progression-free survival (median not reached vs 46 months, p = 0.055) (Figure 1). Conclusions: Our results suggest that achievement of MRD-negative disease by NGS in CR patients is associated with superior PFS. The NGS method appears more sensitive than MFC at detecting residual disease. Finally, MRD assessment by NGS in BMA slides is feasible although may not be the optimal method due to limited input DNA amount. MRD assessment by NGS will be performed on the remainder of the KRd cohort and results will be presented. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier analysis of progression-free survival for 6 MRD negative (<10-6) and 10 MRD positive (>10-6) patients. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier analysis of progression-free survival for 6 MRD negative (<10-6) and 10 MRD positive (>10-6) patients. Disclosures Faham: Sequenta, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lee:Sequenta, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Jakubowiak:Bristol Myers-Squib: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; SkylineDx: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Updated Follow-Up In The CLL2007FMP Trial Supports The Non Superiority Of The Association Fludarabine-Cyclophosphamide (FC) Plus Campath Compared To FC Plus Rituximab and Points Out The Importance Of Minimal Residual Disease, By 6-Color Flow Cytometry Technique, On Progression Free Survival

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.2870.2870 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 2870-2870

Author(s):

Pierre Feugier ◽

Remi Letestu ◽

Sylvie Chevret ◽

Thérèse Aurran ◽

Beatrice Mahe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Final Evaluation ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Color Flow ◽

Free Survival ◽

Minimal Residual

Abstract Introduction CLL2007FMP (fit medically patients) is a Randomized Phase-III Trial conducted by the French Cooperative Group on CLL and WM (FCGCLL/WM) and the “Groupe Ouest-Est d'Etude des Leucémies et Autres Maladies du Sang” (GOELAMS), comparing FC plus Rituximab (FCR) to FC plus Campath (FCCam) in previously untreated fit patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Early results showed that the FCCam regimen was associated with an unfavourable safety profile limiting significantly its use in this indication (Blood 2012). We present here the results of the extended follow up of the CLLFMP2007 trial, with particular emphasis on survival data, minimal residual disease (MRD) and late adverse events. Methods In this trial, 178 younger (<65) fit patients (pts) (cumulative illness rating scale (CIRS) score of up to 6), were enrolled between November 2007 and January 2009. Cases with del(17p) were excluded. Pts were randomly assigned to receive 6 oral courses of FCR (n=83) or FCCam arm (n=82). The primary endpoint of the study was 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were safety, response to treatment, overall survival (OS) and MRD. MRD evaluation was performed by 6-color flow cytometry in an oligocentric manner. MRD testing was scheduled before therapy initiation and at final evaluation, (i.e. 3 months after completion of immunochemotherapy) where it was to be assessed for all responding patients in both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). Recruitment was interrupted in January 2009 after 165 pts had been randomized due to an excess of mortality in the FCCam arm. Results PFS and OS were not significantly different between the two arms. With a median follow-up of 55.5 months (interquartile range, 50-60), 57 pts in the FCCam arm were free of disease progression compared with 50 in the FCR arm, with a 3-year estimated PFS at 81% in both arms (p=0.80). Fourteen pts died in the FCCam arm (7 from progression and 7 from toxicity) and 9 died in the FCR arm (all from progression), with a 3-year estimated survival at 90% vs. 88% (p=0.85). PFS was significantly impacted by IGHV mutational status (p=0.001), Binet stage (p=0.0002) and MRD level. At final evaluation, MRD was established using the result in PB samples (available for 120 patients) and was determined in 103 pts by combining the results from blood and BM samples. Interpretation was based firstly on the use of the classical 10-4 threshold as reference and secondly on the limit of detection of the technique (0.7x10-5). In MRD-positive patients, the median PFS was 44.7 months (PB) whereas it was not reached in the group with MRD lower than 10-4 (p<0.0001, figure 1) ; similar data were found in MRD-positive PB+BM patients with a median PFS of 46 months whereas it was not reached in the group with MRD lower than 10-4 (p=0.002). No significant difference was found regarding OS but follow-up is still short for this evaluation. Similar results were observed when considering the limit of detection of the MRD technique (data not shown). Late toxicities (occurring after the final evaluation at 3 months after the end of treatment or at the ninth month when treatment was prematurely stopped) included : 1 bile duct cancer, 1 myelodysplastic syndrome, 1 transient ischemic attack, 1 lung adenocarcinoma and one prostate cancer in the FCR arm and 3 febrile neutropenia, 3 pneumonia (1 due to legionella), 1 pneumococcal sepsis, 1 bronchitis, 1 toxoplasma eye infection, 1 pyelonephritis, 2 herpes zoster, 1 acrodermatitis, 1 subdural hematoma, 1 autoimmune thrombocytopenia, 1 agranulocytosis, 1 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in the FCCam arm. Conclusion Results of this extended follow-up of the CLL2007FMP trial confirm the absence of superiority of the FCCam regimen on OS and PFS. Interestingly, longer follow-up did not reveal a higher rate of late toxicity in FCCam arm, notably in terms of secondary malignancies; Similarly to early toxicity, late was adverse events were mainly infectious. Finally, MRD status determined by 6-color technique in PB and/or BM at post-treatment evaluation was predictive of PFS whatever the treatment arm. This finding is in line with recent reports in other studies pointing out to the powerful value of MRD as prognostic factor, supporting its use as PFS surrogate primary endpoint in clinical trials. Disclosures: Feugier: roche: Honoraria. Cazin:roche: meeting invitation Other, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: meeting invitation, meeting invitation Other, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Minimal Residual Disease in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma Treated with Obinutuzumab or Rituximab As First-Line Induction Immunochemotherapy and Maintenance in the Phase 3 GALLIUM Study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.613.613 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 613-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Christiane Pott ◽

Eva Hoster ◽

Britta Kehden ◽

Michael Unterhalt ◽

Michael Herold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Residual Disease ◽

First Line ◽

Employment Equity ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Equity Ownership ◽

Minimal Residual

Abstract Background: Minimal residual disease (MRD) status reflects treatment efficacy and may predict prognosis after first-line therapy in patients (pts) with follicular lymphoma (FL). GALLIUM (NCT01332968) is an ongoing, randomized global Phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab (GA101; GAZYVA/GAZYVARO; G) vs rituximab (R) as induction (with chemotherapy [chemo]; bendamustine, CHOP or CVP) and maintenance (in responders) in previously untreated pts with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In GALLIUM, the primary endpoint of investigator-assessed PFS in pts with FL was significantly improved with G- vs R-based treatment. We report the results of MRD assessment at mid induction (MI) and end of induction (EOI) in FL pts in GALLIUM. Methods: Diagnostic peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from FL pts were screened by consensus PCR to detect a t(14;18) translocation and/or clonal Ig variable domain rearrangement suitable for MRD assessment. In pts with a detectable clonal marker, allele- or translocation-specific real-time quantitative (RQ)-PCR assays were designed with a sensitivity ≤10-4. RQ-PCR data were evaluated by European Study Group criteria for MRD detection (van der Velden, Leukemia 2007). MRD status was assessed at MI in PB, and at EOI in PB and BM, and defined as negative (MRD response) if RQ-PCR and subsequent nested PCR were negative in all samples analyzed at the respective time point. Results: Of the 1202 FL pts enrolled in GALLIUM, 1138 provided consent for MRD analyses. Baseline PB or BM samples were available for 1101 pts; a clonal marker was detected in 968 (88%) of these pts and 815 (74%) had an RQ-PCR assay fulfilling sensitivity criteria. Pts with a detectable clonal marker had baseline characteristics comparable to pts without a marker, with the exception of higher-stage disease (61% vs 34% Ann Arbor stage IV), reflecting increased BM involvement. Among 696 pts with an available PB or BM sample at EOI, MRD response was significantly higher in the G-chemo arm than the R-chemo arm (92% vs 85%; p=0.0041; Table 1). BM clearance of residual tumor cells at EOI was higher in the G-chemo vs R-chemo arm (93% [199/214] vs 83% [165/200]; p=0.0014), whereas PB clearance at EOI was similarly high in both arms (96% [323/336] vs 94% [320/341]; p=0.22). MRD clearance occurred early during treatment: at MI, 94% of pts in the G-chemo arm achieved MRD-negative status in PB compared with 89% in the R-chemo arm (p=0.013; Table 2). The anti-lymphoma activity of G-chemo induction was confirmed by analyzing quantitative MRD data in PB at MI: all 20 (100%) pts who remained MRD-positive at MI in the G-chemo arm had low-level MRD (below the limit of quantification) compared with 24/38 (63%) pts in the R-chemo arm. The chemo backbone in the R-chemo arm affected MRD status in PB at EOI giving an MRD response rate of 96% (201/209) after R-bendamustine (B), 93% (100/108) after R-CHOP, and 79% (19/24) after R-CVP. No such effect was seen in the G-chemo arm, where MRD response rates in PB at EOI were high and similar with all three chemo regimens: 96% (187/194), 96% (105/109), and 94% (31/33), respectively. Similarly, in BM, chemo had a large influence on MRD-negative status at EOI in the R-chemo arm (87% [100/115] after R-B, 74% [55/74] after R-CHOP), but negligible impact in the G-chemo arm (93% [109/117] after G-B, 93% [76/82] after G-CHOP). Achievement of MRD negativity at EOI in PB/BM for pts with CR/PR at EOI was associated with longer subsequent PFS, with a hazard ratio of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.56; p<0.0001; Figure 1), and comparable effects in both treatment arms. Conclusions: Data from this exploratory analysis support the potential prognostic value of MRD assessment after EOI in FL pts treated with immunochemotherapy. The higher proportion of pts achieving MRD-negative status at MI and EOI, and of pts with low-level MRD among MRD-positives at MI, in the G-chemo arm suggests that G-based induction induces rapid and more effective tumor cell clearance than R-containing therapy. G was more effective than R at enhancing the depth of response to induction therapy in PB and BM, potentially leading to a compensation of differential chemo activity. Future analyses of MRD kinetics during maintenance/follow-up will investigate the pattern and prognostic value of changes in MRD status before relapse, and further evaluate the impact of different chemo regimens. Figure 1. PFS from date of EOI sample by MRD status in PB and/or BM Figure 1. PFS from date of EOI sample by MRD status in PB and/or BM Disclosures Herold: Roche: Honoraria, Other: Grants; Genentech: Other: Grants; Celgene: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: Personal fees from member advisory board. Kneba:AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel grants; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel grants, Research Funding; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel grants; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel grants, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Glaxo-SmithKline: Other: Travel grants. Mayer:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Danesi:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Employment. Fingerle-Rowson:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership. Harbron:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership; AstraZeneca: Equity Ownership. Mundt:Roche: Employment. Marcus:Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Hiddemann:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding.

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Daratumumab, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Versus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone Alone for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Based on Prior Treatment Exposure: Updated Efficacy Analysis of Castor

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.3313.3313 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 3313-3313 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Asher A. Chanan-Khan ◽

Suzanne Lentzsch ◽

Hang Quach ◽

Noemi Horvath ◽

Marcelo Capra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Employment Equity ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Free Survival ◽

Refractory Multiple Myeloma ◽

Equity Ownership ◽

Line Of Therapy

Abstract Introduction: Daratumumab is a human CD38 IgGκ monoclonal antibody that demonstrated significant activity and a manageable safety profile in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. In a randomized phase 3 study, daratumumab in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone (DVd) significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone alone (Vd) in a pre-specified interim analysis of patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM; Palumbo A. N Engl J Med 2016; in press). Herein, we examine subgroups from this study to compare the efficacy of DVd vs Vd in bortezomib-naive and bortezomib-experienced pt populations. In addition, the efficacy of DVd vs Vd in pts who were refractory to lenalidomide at last prior line of therapy was also evaluated. Methods: Pts who received ≥1 prior line of therapy were randomized (1:1) to 8 cycles (q3w) of Vd (bortezomib: 1.3 mg/m2 SC on Days 1, 4, 8, 11; dexamethasone: 20 mg PO on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12) with or without daratumumab (16 mg/kg IV qw in Cycles 1-3, Day 1 of Cycles 4-8, then q4w until progression). Pts who were refractory to bortezomib were not eligible. The primary endpoint was PFS. Bone marrow aspirate samples that had been prepared with Ficoll were evaluated for minimal residual disease (MRD) using three different thresholds (10-4, 10-5, and 10-6) based on the ClonoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA). Results: Median follow-up was 7.4 months. Among bortezomib-naive pts (DVd, n=89; Vd, n=83), PFS was significantly improved with DVd vs Vd (median: not reached [NR] vs 7.5 months; HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13-0.47; P<0.0001); estimated 12-month PFS rates were 72% vs 28%, respectively. ORR was 88% with DVd vs 70% with Vd (P=0.0040), with ≥very good partial response (VGPR) rates of 72% vs 42% (P<0.0001), and ≥complete response (CR) rates of 30% vs 20% (P=0.1199), respectively. For pts who previously received a bortezomib-containing regimen (DVd, n=162; Vd, n=164), PFS was also significantly longer with DVd vs Vd (median: 12.3 vs 6.7 months; HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32-0.66; P<0.0001). Estimated 12-month PFS rates were 55% vs 27%, respectively. ORR was significantly higher with DVd vs Vd (80% vs 60%; P=0.0001), along with significantly higher rates of ≥VGPR (52% vs 22%; P<0.0001) and ≥CR (13% vs 3%; P=0.0019). Among pts who were refractory to lenalidomide at the last prior line of therapy (DVd, n=45; Vd, n=60), PFS was significantly longer in DVd vs Vd (median: 10.3 vs 4.4 mo; HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21-0.65; P=0.0004; Figure). Within this subgroup, ORR was significantly higher for DVd vs Vd (81% vs 50%; P=0.0021), and the same trends were observed for rates of ≥VGPR (54% vs 12%; P<0.0001) and ≥CR (20% vs 5%; P=0.0261). Updated efficacy and safety data, including MRD analyses across different sensitivity thresholds (10-4, 10-5, and 10-6), will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: These analyses confirm that addition of daratumumab to Vd significantly improves outcomes for RRMM pts regardless of prior treatment with bortezomib. Importantly, this treatment benefit of DVd vs Vd was maintained in pts who were refractory to lenalidomide at the last prior line of therapy. These data lend further support to adding daratumumab to a standard-of-care regimen in RRMM. Figure Progression-free Survival in Patients Refractory to Lenalidomide at the Last Prior Line of Therapy Figure. Progression-free Survival in Patients Refractory to Lenalidomide at the Last Prior Line of Therapy Disclosures Lentzsch: BMS: Consultancy; Foundation One: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Quach:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Cilag: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ovilla:Janssen: Consultancy. Qi:Janssen: Employment. Deraedt:Janssen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schecter:Janssen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Amin:Janssen: Employment. Qin:Janssen: Employment. Casneuf:Johnson & Johnson: Equity Ownership; Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium: Employment. Chiu:Janssen: Employment. Sasser:Johnson & Johnson: Equity Ownership; Janssen Pharmaceuticals R&D: Employment. Sonneveld:Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

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In the Era of Bortezomib-Based Chemotherapy the Presence of Minimal Residual Disease Predicts Progression Free Survival after Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v126.23.5493.5493 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (23) ◽

pp. 5493-5493

Author(s):

Robert F Cornell ◽

Jade E Jones ◽

Claudio A. Mosse ◽

Heidi Chen ◽

Laura Dugger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Induction Therapy ◽

Research Funding ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽

Free Survival ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Minimal Residual

Abstract Background: Retrospective studies have shown that achieving minimal residual disease (MRD) by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) is predictive of outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM). Modern induction therapies including bortezomib (V), lenalidomide (R) followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) have resulted in substantial improvements in progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The impact of bortezomib-based therapy on end of induction chemotherapy MRD status and post-AHCT MRD status is not well defined. We designed a prospective clinical trial (NCT01215344) to study the incidence of MRD negativity at end of induction and following AHCT, and its association with PFS and OS. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients with newly diagnosed, symptomatic MM were enrolled. They received four cycles of VRd induction therapy followed by AHCT. Dose modifications of VRd were controlled during the clinical trial. MRD status by MFC was evaluated at the end of induction chemotherapy and at day 100 post-AHCT. The MFC cut-off to determine MRD negativity was defined as 10-4. Outcomes analyzed included MM disease status, PFS and OS. Results: Three cohorts of patients were identified; patients achieving MRD negative status at the end of induction (cohort 1, 50%), those achieving MRD negative status only after AHCT (cohort 2, 15%) and patients never achieving MRD negative status (cohort 3, 35%). All patients achieving MRD negative status at the end of induction remained MRD negative post-AHCT. There were no significant differences in median age, renal function, disease stage, cytogenetic risk and maintenance chemotherapy post-AHCT between cohorts. The table summarizes characteristics of these cohorts. Patients who never achieved MRD negative status after AHCT had significantly shorter PFS (cohort 3) compared with patients who achieved MRD negative status (cohorts 1 and 2, p=0.008) (figure). The median PFS for cohort 3 was 2.64 years and not yet reached for the other cohorts. There were no significant differences in OS. Median follow-up for survivors was 2.53 years (range, 0.73-4.04). Conclusions: In this study, bortezomib-based therapy resulted in half of patients achieving MRD negative status with induction chemotherapy alone. AHCT improved the depth of response with 30% of patients who were MRD positive after induction therapy converting to MRD negativity following AHCT. Achieving a negative MRD state, pre- and at D100 post-AHCT resulted in improved PFS. These findings were independent of molecular cytogenetics or ISS stage. MRD positive status at day 100 post-AHCT is highly predictive of earlier disease progression, and may help identify patients for alternative management approaches. Delay of AHCT may be considered as a potential management option for patients with MRD negative status at the end of induction therapy, as being studied in the IFM DFCI study (NCT01208662). As some patients with MRD positive disease at the end of induction therapy become MRD negative with AHCT, these patients may benefit from AHCT and this population warrants further investigation. Table. Descriptive analysis Cohort 1 MRD -/- (%) (n=10) Cohort 2 MRD +/- (%) (n=3) Cohort 3 MRD +/+ (%) (n=7) Test Statistic Median Age 55 54 60 0.31 ISS Stage III 40 33 14 0.52 DS Stage III 89 67 60 0.14 Median Serum creatinine 0.90 0.60 0.88 0.10 Serum M-spike 2.0 1.9 2.1 0.80 Bone marrow plasma cells 14 44 14 0.18 Cytogenetics 0.37 Standard risk 40 0 57 Intermediate risk 50 67 43 High risk 10 33 0 Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curve of progression-free survival comparing patients achieving MRD negative disease with MRD positive disease. Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curve of progression-free survival comparing patients achieving MRD negative disease with MRD positive disease. Disclosures Cornell: Prothena: Research Funding. Jagasia:Takeda Inc: Research Funding.

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Benchmark of Progression Free Survival for Multiple Lines of Therapy in Follicular Lymphoma Treated in the Rituximab Era

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.2955.2955 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 2955-2955 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Alperovich ◽

Connie Batlevi ◽

Katy Smith ◽

Zhitao Ying ◽

Jacob D Soumerai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Follicular Lymphoma ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Complete Response ◽

Line Treatment ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Free Survival ◽

Third Line ◽

Third Line Treatment

Abstract Introduction In their lifetime, patients with follicular lymphoma frequently require multiple treatments, which have improved their survival over the past few decades. The expected treatment outcome based on lines of treatment in the post-Rituximab era is currently unknown. We analyzed the progression free survival and event free survival by line of treatment to aid estimating clinical endpoints when designing future clinical trials for multiply relapsed patients. Patients and Methods Adults (≥18 years) with de novo follicular lymphoma (FL) treated at our center between 1998 and 2007 were eligible (N=1134). 236 patients with ≤2 visits, mixed histology at initial diagnosis, and active concurrent malignancy were excluded. Of the remaining 898 patients, 105 were observed and did not require treatment during the timeframe of this dataset, and 2 had incomplete data, therefore 791 patients were eligible for response, progression and event free survival (PFS and EFS) analysis (Figure 1). Response was documented by investigators based on clinical or radiographic assessment. Complete response was based on radiographic assessment. PFS was defined as start of treatment to progression of disease or death. Patients with inadequate response to treatment, change of treatment, or stable disease without subsequent documented relapse were censored in the PFS analysis. Events for EFS were defined as progression, change of treatment, and death. PFS and EFS of sequential lines of treatment were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared across lines using log-rank test with adjustment for within-patient correlation. PFS and EFS were compared by other clinical variables using regular log-rank tests. Results Median age of diagnosis was 57.3 years with 1:1 male to female ratio. Median overall survival was not reached with median follow up of 9 years (N=898, range 0.2 - 16.8 years, Figure 1A). Median time to first treatment for the entire group was 2.3 months (range 0 - 13.3 years). In first line treatment of the 791 patients, 51% (N=406) received Rituximab with chemotherapy (R-Chemo), 13% (N=101) received chemotherapy only (Chemo), 19% (N=150) received Rituximab monotherapy (R-Mono), and 17% (N=129) received other treatments including radiation and surgery. For second line treatment, 405 patients were treated with about 37% receiving R-Chemo and 34% receiving R-Mono. As line of treatment increased, the percentage of patients with radiographically assessed complete response diminished from 71% at first line treatment to 25% by fifth line treatment (Figure 1B). Median PFS for first, second and third line treatment are 4.8, 1.6, and 1 year, respectively (Figure 2A). Median EFS for first, second and third line treatment are 3.8, 1.1, 0.8 year, respectively (Figure 2B). For subsequent lines of treatment, both median PFS and EFS were <1 year. Conclusion Follicular lymphoma is an indolent disease often requiring multiple lines of treatment. However, PFS and EFS for multiple lines of treatment in FL has not been described in the post-Rituximab era. The work has benchmarked the median response by line of treatment. After third line treatment, the PFS was ≤1 year. This analysis serves to aide comparison of different therapies for future drug approval in relapsed FL. Disclosures Hamlin: Xencor: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Portola: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Molecular Templates: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Horwitz:Spectrum: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Huya: Consultancy; Infinity: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kyowa Hakka Kirin: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; ADCT Therapeutics: Research Funding. Kumar:Celgene: Honoraria, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Celgene: Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Moskowitz:Merck: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Moskowitz:Merck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Palomba:Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Zelenetz:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding.

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Minimal Residual Disease and Outcome Characteristics in Infant KMT2A-Germline Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated on the Interfant-06 Protocol

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2021-145058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2383-2383

Author(s):

Janine Stutterheim ◽

Paola De Lorenzo ◽

Inge M. Van Der Sluis ◽

Julia Alten ◽

Philip Ancliffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Advisory Board ◽

Research Support ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Free Survival ◽

Minimal Residual

Abstract Background The outcome of infants with KMT2A-germline ALL is much better than of infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL, but still worse than of non-infant ALL patients. Here, we describe the outcome and prognostic factors for infants with KMT2A-germline ALL treated on Interfant-06 protocol. Methods 167 infants with KMT2A-germline ALL were enrolled in Interfant-06. Univariate analysis on prognostic factors (age, WBC at diagnosis, prednisolone response and CD10 expression) was performed on KMT2A-germline infants in complete remission at the end of induction (EOI) (n=163). Bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) was measured in 73 patients, by real-time quantitative PCR of immunoglobulin genes and/or T-cell receptor genes, at various time points (EOI, n= 68, end of consolidation (EOC) n= 56, and before OCTADAD (n=57)). MRD results were classified as negative, intermediate (< 5*10 -4), and high (≥5*10 -4). Genetic data on NUTM1 rearrangements and MRD were available in 53 patients. Results The 6-year event free survival [SE] and overall survival [ SE] was 73.9% (3,6) and 87.2% (2.7). 28 of 31 (90%) relapses occurred early, within 2 years of diagnosis. Treatment related mortality was 3.6%. Age <6 months was a favorable prognostic factor with a 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) [SE] of 91% (9.0) compared to 71.7% (4.2) in infants >6 months of age (p=0.04). Of the MRD timepoints, MRD at end of induction (EOI) was most prognostic for outcome. At EOI, 76.5% (n=52/68) of patients were either MRD negative (41.2%, n=28) or intermediate MRD (35.3%, n=24). 23.5% (n=16) had high EOI MRD, which was associated with significantly lower 6-year DFS (SE), compared to patients with intermediate or negative EOI MRD (61.4% (12.4), 76.4% (11.3) and 87.9% (6.6), respectively; p=0.02, Figure 1a). At EOC, 55.4% (n=31/56) of patients were MRD negative. Outcome by MRD levels at EOC was not significantly different (p=0.24); the 6-year DFS (SE) of negative and intermediate EOC MRD patients was 89.0% (6.0) and 72.7 % (10.6), respectively, while only one of the 5 patients with high EOC MRD relapsed in BM and CNS (Figure 1b). MRD data for both EOI and EOC were available for 55 patients. Of these patients, 18 were MRD negative at EOI and EOC, with a 6-year DFS 93.3% (SE, 6.4). Five patients had negative EOI MRD, but showed intermediate EOC MRD levels; none of these patients relapsed. There were 12 of 55 patients who were MRD positive at EOI and became MRD negative at EOC. These patients had a 6-year DFS of 82.5 % (SE, 11.3). Patients with detectable disease at both timepoints had a 6-year DFS of 68.3% (SE,10.8) (n=20, Figure 1c). At the end of MARMA (TP5), 77.2% (n=44/57) of patients were MRD negative. MRD at TP5 was significantly related to DFS (Figure 1d); the 6-year DFS was 89.6% (SE, 5.0) for MRD negative patients, compared to 65.6% (SE, 14.0) for patients with intermediate MRD levels (p= 0.039). In the current study, NUTM1 status was known in 53 patients with MRD data. Of them, 13 harbored a NUTM1-rearrangement. Seven out of 11 (63.6%) were aged< 6 months and 6 out of 42 (14.3%) were older. None of them relapsed, despite positive EOI MRD detected in 8 cases. Conclusion We conclude that young age at diagnosis and low EOI MRD are favorable prognostic factors in infants with KMT2A-germline ALL. However, the prognostic value of MRD is not as strong as in infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL or older children with ALL. This can partly be explained by the differences in genetic makeup of infants with KMT2A-germline ALL, thus supporting the hypothesis that in the future a combined MRD- and genetic-based stratification of KMT2A-g infants might be considered Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Biondi: Colmmune: Honoraria; Bluebird: Other: Advisory Board; Novartis: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Other: Advisory Board; Amgen: Honoraria. Locatelli: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Miltenyi: Speakers Bureau; Medac: Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharamceutical: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Silverman: Takeda, Servier, Syndax, Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Schrappe: Novartis: Honoraria, Other: research support; SigmaTau: Other: research support; Amgen: Other: research support; Servier: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; JazzPharma: Honoraria; JazzPharma: Honoraria, Other: research support; SHIRE: Other: research support; Servier: Honoraria, Other: research support.

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Making Clinical Decisions to Change Therapy Using Measurable Residual Disease Improves the Outcome in Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2020-140352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Joaquin Martinez Lopez ◽

Rafael Alonso Fernández ◽

Sandy W. Wong ◽

Rafael Rios ◽

Nina Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Clinical Decisions ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Free Survival ◽

New Treatment ◽

Positive Results

Background Measurable residual disease (MRD) testing in multiple myeloma (MM) is increasingly being utilized in clinical trials for the assessment of disease response and as a prognostic tool for predicting response duration. However, there is only limited evidence to date for the use of MRD to make clinical decisions, a serious barrier to its potentially important role in the management of MM patients. This retrospective review analyzes the results of making clinical decisions to change therapy based on MRD assessments in MM patients. Methods We reviewed 373 patients with MM from 3 health centers through a retrospective search. Patients included in the study had at least one MRD assessment. Clinical decisions to change therapy based on MRD were made in 3 directions: 1. Stop or reduce treatment after MRD negative results; 2. Increase intensity of treatment after MRD positive results; 3. Start a new treatment line after MRD positive results. We gathered all the available data on clinical and biological parameters, induction treatment and response monitoring. MRD was assessed by flow cytometry or next-generation sequencing (Clonoseq) with sensitivity from 10-5to 10-6Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 21.0 (SPSS, Inc., IBM, Armonk, NY). Results In 58 out of 373 (16%) patients a clinical decision to change therapy was made. Treatment was reduced or stopped in 24 cases (group 1). Intensity of treatment was increased in 20 cases(group 2) and a new treatment was started in 13cases(group 3). Most of these decisions were implemented during the post-ASCT maintenancephase, although in 3 cases ASCT was avoided based on the MRD result. For all 373 patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 80 months. Of the 58 cases where a clinical decision was made to change therapy, 33 cases were MRD positive and 25 were MRD negative at the time the decisions were made. 33 patients in this group either remained MRD negative or eventually achieved MRD negativity. Patients in which a clinical decision was made to change therapy based on MRD (n=58) had a prolonged progression free survival versus those in which therapy remained the same (n=312) (median PFS 97 vs. 75 months, p=0.006) (Figure 1). Moreover, we once again confirmed that patients who achieve MRD negativity demonstrate a prolonged PFS vs those who don't achieve negativity (median PFS 97 vs. 57 months, p=0.0001). Conclusion Clinical decision-making to change therapy based on MRD in MM patients can improve patient outcomes. These results support the integration of MRD assessment in the management of MM patients. Disclosures Wong: Fortis: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Shah:GSK, Amgen, Indapta Therapeutics, Sanofi, BMS, CareDx, Kite, Karyopharm: Consultancy; BMS, Janssen, Bluebird Bio, Sutro Biopharma, Teneobio, Poseida, Nektar: Research Funding. Barrio Garcia:Altum sequencing: Current Employment. Martin:GSK: Consultancy; Sanofi: Research Funding; AMGEN: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Wolf:Adaptive: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.

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Efficacy and Safety of Single-Agent Ibrutinib in Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma Who Progressed after Bortezomib Therapy

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v124.21.4471.4471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 124 (21) ◽

pp. 4471-4471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Wang ◽

Andre Goy ◽

Peter Martin ◽

Rod Ramchandren ◽

Julia Alexeeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Response Rate ◽

Single Agent ◽

Complete Response ◽

Employment Equity ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Bulky Disease ◽

Equity Ownership ◽

Grade 3

Abstract Introduction: Despite recent advances, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains difficult to treat with frequent chemoresistance in the relapsed or refractory setting. Ibrutinib, a first-in-class, once-daily, oral covalent inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, demonstrated durable single-agent efficacy in a previous phase 2 study of patients with MCL who had received 1 to 5 prior therapies (Wang M, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:507-516). In that study, the investigator-assessed overall response rate was 68% (complete response rate, 21%). The current study reports on the efficacy and safety of single-agent ibrutinib specifically in patients with MCL who had received a rituximab-containing regimen and had progressed after at least 2 cycles of bortezomib therapy. Methods: In this phase 2, multicenter, single-arm study, patients received 560 mg/day oral ibrutinib continuously until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR) in response evaluable patients, as assessed by an Independent Review Committee (IRC). Secondary end points, also assessed by IRC, included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: 120 patients in this international multicenter study were enrolled. The median age was 67.5 years, ranging from 35 to 85 years with 62.5% ≥ 65 years. Most patients had stage IV disease at study entry (77.5%), and 9.2% were reported as blastoid variant (per investigator). 76.3% of patients had an intermediate or high risk simplified MIPI score, and 52.5% had bulky disease (longest diameter ≥ 5 cm). Forty two (35.0%), 67 (55.8%) and 11 patients (9.2%) had an ECOG score of 0, 1 and 2, respectively. The median number of prior lines of systemic therapy was 2 (range 1-8 lines) with almost half of the patients (47.5%) receiving 3 or more prior lines of therapy. Overall, 33% of patients had received prior stem cell transplantation. At the time of clinical cut-off for the primary analysis (29 April, 2014), median follow-up was 14.9 months with median treatment duration of 8 months (range: 0.5-20.9 months). The main reasons for treatment discontinuation were disease progression in 53 patients (44.2%) and an adverse event (AE) in 8 patients (6.7%). The ORR for response evaluable patients was 62.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.7%-71.8%) with a complete response rate of 20.9%. Subgroup analysis suggested that the ORR was independent of age, gender, geographic region, number of prior lines of therapies, baseline extranodal disease, simplified MIPI score, bulky disease, and stage of MCL. Median DoR by IRC was 14.9 months and the median time to first response was 2.1 months, ranging from 1.3 to 6.3 months. Median PFS was 10.5 months and 47% of the patients remained progression-free at 1 year. The OS rate at 18 months was 61%. The most common AEs were fatigue (any grade, 43.3%; grade 3 or 4, 3.3%) and diarrhea (any grade, 42.5%; grade 3 or 4, 2.5%). The most common grade 3 or higher AEs were neutropenia (20.8%), thrombocytopenia (13.3%), and pneumonia (12.5%). Any-grade hemorrhagic events were reported in 45 patients (37.5%), including 3 (2.5%) with major hemorrhagic events. The median time to initial hemorrhagic event was 84 days (range 1-515 days), with a median duration of 22 days (95% CI: 8-31 days). Atrial fibrillation was reported in 13 patients (10.8%), which was grade 3 or 4 in 6 patients (5%). AEs led to dose reductions in 8 patients (6.7%). Conclusion: Single agent ibrutinib is highly efficacious and well tolerated, with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with MCL who progressed after rituximab-containing chemotherapy and bortezomib therapy. These results are consistent with previous ibrutinib studies, with no new safety signals. Disclosures Wang: Pharmacyclics, Janssen, Celgene, Onyx, OnyPep, : Research Funding; Onyx, Janssen: Honoraria. Goy:Janssen/Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Clinical Trials through Institution: Research Funding; Janssen/Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Martin:Janssen: Honoraria. Popat:Janssen: Honoraria. Advani:Seattle Genetics, Genetech, (Uncompensated): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen, Pharmacyclics, Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Le Gouill:Roche: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Yuan:Johnson & Johnson: Equity Ownership; Johnson & Johnson: Employment. Kranenburg:Johnson&Johnson: Equity Ownership; Janssen Biologics: Employment. Rizo:Janssen R&D: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zhuang:Johnson & Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Deraedt:Johnson & Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Rule:Pharmacyclics, J&J: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Moffitt Cancer Center 2-Year Single-Institution Experience with Next-Generation Sequencing Minimal Residual Disease Detection: Clinical Utility, Application, and Correlation with Outcomes in Plasma Cell and Lymphoid Malignancies

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2019-129846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 4654-4654 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad O Hussaini ◽

Jaya Srivastava ◽

Lik Wee Lee ◽

Taiga Nishihori ◽

Bijal Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Research Funding ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Employment Equity ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Lymphoid Malignancies ◽

Equity Ownership ◽

Generation Sequencing

Background: Measuring residual disease during the continuum of care is fundamental to oncology practice. In particular, minimal residual disease (MRD) assessments and trends over time can help inform clinical management, including change in treatment regimen or treatment discontinuation. In patients (pts) with plasma cell and lymphoid malignancies, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-MRD is a valuable tool for assessing MRD and depth of response to treatment. MRD status is strongly prognostic of time to relapse and overall survival in multiple myeloma (MM), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this report, we summarize our 2-year experience with clinical implementation of NGS-MRD (clonoSEQ®) testing across a spectrum of plasma cell and lymphoid disease. Methods: This retrospective analysis summarizes our experience using the NGS-MRD Assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA) in plasma cell and lymphoid malignancies. The assay uses multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and NGS to identify, characterize, and monitor unique disease-associated sequence rearrangements or clonotypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) IgH (V-J), IgH (D-J), IgK, and IgL receptor gene sequences, and translocated BCL1/IgH (J) and BCL2/IgH (J) sequences in DNA extracted from high disease burden diagnostic (ID) and post-treatment (MRD) samples. PCR amplification bias control ensures a quantitative read-out of the full B-cell receptor repertoire present in the ID sample and provides direct measure of tumor burden. Our study included pts with plasma cell and lymphoid malignancies, including MM, ALL, CLL, and MCL treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center between March 2017 and March 2019 who had provided at least an ID sample for NGS-MRD testing. Results: A total of 423 ID tests using DNA from bone marrow (BM; n=407) or peripheral blood (PB; n=16) and 384 MRD tracking tests (BM, n=321; PB, n=63) were performed in 297 pts (Table). The median turnaround time from shipment arrival to assay initiation was 2.1 hours and from activation to report date was 7.1 days. For MM, ALL, MCL, and CLL, the numbers of tests ordered, calibration rates (defined as proportion of ID samples with trackable sequence[s]), and mean number of trackable sequences are shown in the Table. More ID tests were ordered than number of pts (range: 108-178%) due to multiple tests performed for each patient. Sequences analyzed for MRD tests included IgH, IgK/IgL, and T-cell receptors β and γ. The proportion of pts with detectable MRD is shown by indication in the Table. In MM, autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT)-eligible pts or those who achieved excellent initial responses but were transplant-ineligible, were primarily considered for NGS-MRD testing as part of standard of care. NGS-MRD testing was performed prior to autoSCT and post-SCT before initiation of maintenance therapy for prognostication. More than 90% of MM cases with successful NGS-MRD results had trackable clones. Negative NGS-MRD assured excellent disease control and supported the decision to discontinue therapy in some pts with significant toxicities. In pts with ALL, treatment response after induction and/or consolidation guided decision-making for allogeneic (allo) SCT at first remission. MRD burden prior to alloSCT could potentially guide the decisions and timing on performing SCT or conditioning regimen intensity. In pts with MCL, treatment response evaluated by NGS-MRD following 6 cycles of therapy was a decision point in a randomized trial of auto-transplant + rituximab vs rituximab alone (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03267433). MRD is also being used to guide the duration of rituximab maintenance therapy. Updated data analysis for all indications, including CLL, is underway and will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The NGS-MRD Assay is a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for the observation of deeper disease response to therapy in multiple specimen types and in various lymphoid and plasma cell malignancies. NGS-MRD may assist in therapeutic decision-making or prognostication. NGS-MRD is a sensitive and powerful prognostic tool available for the majority of pts, which will help our understanding of the role of MRD in clinical management of plasma cell and lymphoid malignancies. Table Disclosures Srivastava: Adaptive Biotechnologies: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lee:Adaptive Biotechnologies: Employment, Equity Ownership. Nishihori:Novartis: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding. Shah:AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria; Spectrum/Astrotech: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene/Juno: Honoraria; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Alsina:Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Baz:Merck: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding. Pinilla Ibarz:Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Teva: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Shain:Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Pomalidomide in Combination with Low-Dose Dexamethasone: Demonstrates a Significant Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival Advantage, in Relapsed/Refractory MM: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v120.21.lba-6.lba-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (21) ◽

pp. LBA-6-LBA-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Meletios A. Dimopoulos ◽

Martha Q Lacy ◽

Philippe Moreau ◽

Katja C Weisel ◽

Kevin W. Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Progressive Disease ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Open Label ◽

Employment Equity ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Equity Ownership ◽

Grade 3

Abstract Abstract LBA-6 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients who have become refractory to bortezomib (BORT) and refractory or otherwise ineligible for thalidomide or lenalidomide (LEN) have a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival (OS) of 9 months (Kumar. Leukemia. 2012). There is no standard treatment available for these patients. Pomalidomide (POM) is a novel immunomodulatory drug that has shown activity in LEN- and BORT-refractory patients (Vij. ASCO 2012). MM-003 is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial designed to compare the efficacy and safety of POM + low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) vs high-dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in a population of patients who are refractory to both LEN and BORT. Here we present the final progression-free survival (PFS) and interim OS analysis of MM-003. Methods: Eligible patients with primary refractory or relapsed and refractory disease were enrolled. All patients with documented disease progression during treatment or within 60 days of completing their last myeloma therapy (including ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of LEN and BORT either alone or in combination), were randomized 2:1 to receive either POM + LoDEX (arm A) or HiDEX alone (arm B). Patients progressing on HiDEX had the opportunity to receive POM in the companion trial, MM-003C. Patients in arm A received POM 4 mg on days 1–21 and DEX 40 mg (20 mg for patients > 75 years of age) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 in a 28-day cycle. Patients in arm B received DEX 40 mg (20 mg for patients > 75 years of age) on days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 in a 28-day cycle. Treatment was continued until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Patients were stratified by age (≤ 75 vs > 75 years), disease population (refractory vs refractory and relapsed vs refractory and intolerant [intolerant to BORT only]), and number of prior therapies (2 vs > 2). The primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints included safety, OS, overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response) by IMWG and EBMT criteria, duration of response, time to progression, and quality of life. OS was to be tested only if PFS would be statistically significant; therefore, alpha was controlled at 0.05 2-sided for both PFS and OS. Results: The Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) reviewed the protocol-specified final analysis results. 455 patients were randomized from March 2011 to Sept 2012. 302 patients received POM + LoDEX, and 153 patients received HiDEX. At the time of analysis, 45% of patients in arm A and 25% of patients in arm B remained on study. The median number of prior therapies was 5 (range, 1–17). 72% of patients were refractory to both LEN and BORT. At the PFS final analysis, with a median follow-up of 18 weeks, PFS was significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX alone (median 15.7 vs 8.0 weeks; 267 total events; hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; P <.001). OS interim analysis was performed as planned; OS also was significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX alone (median not reached vs 34 weeks; 134 events; HR, 0.53; P<.001), crossing the prespecified O’brien-Fleming superiority boundary. This includes 45 pts who received POM after progressing on HiDEX. Median duration of treatment was 12.4 weeks in arm A and 8 weeks in arm B. Following DSMB review of the data, immediate crossover of arm B patients to arm A was recommended. Overall, 25% of patients in arm A and 38% in arm B died, with progressive disease and infections as the primary reasons. Frequent grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (42% in arm A vs 15% in arm B), thrombocytopenia (21% vs 24%), and febrile neutropenia (7% vs 0%). Other toxicities (grade 3/4) were predominantly infections (24% vs 23%), hemorrhage (3% vs 5%), glucose intolerance (3% vs 7%), neuropathy (1% vs 1%), and venous thromboembolism (1% vs 0%). The primary reason for discontinuation was progressive disease: 35% arm A and 49% arm B. Complete results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly increased PFS and OS compared with HiDEX in patients who are refractory to LEN and BORT, a population with limited treatment options. The OS superiority boundary was crossed. Based on these data, POM + LoDEX should become the new standard of care in patients who have exhausted the novel agents, LEN and BORT. Disclosures: Dimopoulos: Celgene: Honoraria. Off Label Use: Pomalidomide is an investigational drug and is not approved for the treatment of patients with any condition. Lacy:Celgene: Research Funding. Moreau:Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Weisel:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Song:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Delforge:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria; OrthoBiotech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Karlin:Celgene: Consultancy. Goldschmidt:Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Yu:Celgene: Employment. Sternas:Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Jacques:Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zaki:Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. San Miguel:Onyx: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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