scholarly journals The Standardized Normal Ivy Bleeding Time and Its Prolongation by Aspirin

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. MIELKE ◽  
M. M. KANESHIRO ◽  
I. A. MAHER ◽  
J. M. WEINER ◽  
S. I. RAPAPORT
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Males

Abstract A standardized, reproducible Ivy bleeding time technic has been described which permits one to obtain accurate bleeding time data in man. The technic was used to standardize an aspirin tolerance test in which 60 normal males had a control bleeding time; were given, on a double blind basis, either placebo or 1 Gm. of aspirin, and had a second bleeding time 2 hours later. The control values were: mean, 5 min.; mean ± 2 st. dev., 2 min., 30 sec. to 10 min. The values after placebo were: mean, 5 min., 30 sec.; mean ± 2 st. dev., 2 min., 30 sec. to 11 min. The values after aspirin were: mean, 9 min., 30 sec.; mean ± 2 st. dev., 4 min. to 21 min. The difference between the mean bleeding time after placebo and after aspirin was highly significant (p < 0.001). The distribution of the bleeding times after aspirin suggested that normal subjects do not respond to aspirin as a single population. The degree of prolongation of the bleeding time and the large size of the drops of blood observed in some subjects suggested to us that small amounts of aspirin may exert a significant effect upon hemostasis in normal individuals.

THE EXCRETION OF C-16 OXYGENATED NEUTRAL STEROID SULPHATES AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, AND A COMPARISON WITH THEIR EXCRETION BY ENDOCRINOLOGICALLY NORMAL SUBJECTS OF BOTH SEXES

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seth ◽  
G. W. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Neutral Steroid ◽  
Usual Criterion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The respective mean 24 h urinary excretions of sulphoconjugated 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16-oxo-androstenediol, and dehydroepiandrosterone were found to be 1040, 230, and 668 μg/24 h for normal males, and 621, 209, and 304 μg/24 h for normal non-pregnant females. None of the differences in mean steroid excretions between males and non-pregnant females was statistically significant according to the usual criterion for significance (P < 0.05). The mean excretions of sulphoconjugated 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16-oxo-androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone between the 10th week of normal pregnancy and term were 1300, 505 and 226 μg/24 h respectively. No significant trend in the excretions of these neutral steroid sulphates between the 10th week of pregnancy and term could be detected. The increased excretion of both C-16 oxygenated steroid sulphates in pregnancy was highly significant (P < 0.001). In contrast, the statistical significance of the difference in excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate between pregnant and non-pregnant females could not be established. There did not appear to be any relationship between the excretion of 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and oestriol in normal pregnancy. The results are considered to be consistent with a limited transplacental passage of neutral steroids from the foetoplacental to maternal circulation.

Analysis of reproducibility, evaluation, and preference of the new iC100 rebound tonometer versus iCare PRO and Perkins portable applanation tonometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Molero-Senosiaín ◽  
Laura Morales-Fernández ◽  
Federico Saenz-Francés ◽  
Julian García-Feijoo ◽  
Jose María Martínez-de-la-Casa
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Mean Time

Objectives: To analyze the reproducibility of the new iC100 rebound tonometer, to compare its results with the applanation tonometry and iCare PRO and to evaluate the preference between them. Materials and methods: For the study of reproducibility, 15 eyes of 15 healthy Caucasian subjects were included. Three measurements were taken each day in three separate sessions. For the comparative study, 150 eyes of 150 Caucasian subjects were included (75 normal subjects and 75 patients with glaucoma). Three consecutive measurements were collected with each tonometer, randomizing the order of use. The discomfort caused by each tonometer was evaluated using the visual analogue scale. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected between sessions. In the comparison between tonometers, the measurements with iC100 were statistically lower than those of Perkins (−1.35 ± 0.417, p = 0.004) and that iCare PRO (−1.41 ± 0.417, p = 0.002). The difference between PRO and Perkins was not statistically significant ( p = 0.990). The mean time of measurement (in seconds) with iC100 was significantly lower than with Perkins (6.74 ± 1.46 vs 15.53 ± 2.01, p < 0.001) and that PRO (6.74 ± 1.46 vs 11.53 ± 1.85, p < 0.001). Visual analogue scale score with iC100 was lower than Perkins (1.33 ± 0.99 vs 1.73 ± 1.10, p < 0.05). In total, 61.7% preferred iC100 against Perkins. Conclusion: The reproducibility of this instrument has been proven good. iC100 underestimates intraocular pressure compared to applanation tonometry at normal values and tends to overestimate it in high intraocular pressure values. Most of the subjects preferred iC100 tonometer.

Effect of Erythropoietin on Platelet Function and Glycoprotein Expression in Patients with MDS.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3993-3993
Author(s):  
Fotis F.I. Girtovitis ◽  
Dimitrios D. Bougiouklis ◽  
Michel M.P. Makris ◽  
Elefteria E. Pithara ◽  
Pantelis P.E. Makris
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Human Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aim: We decide to study the effect of erythropoietin on the platelet function and glycoproteins expression in patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). All patients suffered from primary MDS but none of them received any special treatment. From our study pts that suffered from diseases or they were receiving medication that affect the function of platelets were excluded. Furthermore pts with platelet count&lt;50,000/μl were excluded also because we were unable to check the aggregation of platelets. Material: 41 subjects were studied, 15 normal subject (10 men and 5 women mean age 66,6±14 years old)and 26 pts (17 men and 9 women with mean age70,9±7,4 years old) suffered from all types of MDS according to FAB criteria (9 with RA, 3 with RARS, 7 RAEB, 4 with CMML and 3 with RAEB-t). We divided them in 2 groups: 1st - 7 Pts receiving human recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) with mean dose 30.000 iu subcutaneous weekly and 2nd - 19 without rEPO. Methods. 1- The platelet function was studied in Platelet Ionized Calcium Aggregometer (PICA) using Ristocetin, ADP, Collagen and Adrenalin as stimulators. 2- The expression of platelet glycoproteins (GPIb, IX, IIb, IIIa and P-selectin) was studied using the flow cytometry and special monoclonal antibodies. This way the percentage of glycoprotein expressed in platelet membrane and MFI were estimated. We performed the statistical analysis of our results using the t-test with common standard deviation.. Results: our results concerning the aggregation test and flow cytometry are presented in tables 1,2 and 3. From the study of our results we can see that while the decrease of aggregation between the patients under EPO and normal subjects is statistically non significant (p&lt;0.1)the decrease of the corresponding values between the pts that did not received EPO and normal subjects was statistically very significant for all stimulators (p &lt;0,001). pts under EPO show an important increase of platelet expressing GPIIb percentage grater than the expressed percentage of patients without EPO (60% vs. 46,1% correspondingly, p&lt;0.001). The difference of expressed MFI was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of our study show us that erythropoietin improves the function of platelets in patients with MDS, probably through the increase of platelet percentage which express glycoproteins. Table 1 Comparison of the mean value of aggregation between the groups Table 2 Comparison of the mean values of the platelets expressing corresponding glycoproteins percentage between the groups Table 3 Comparison of the mean value of MFI between the groups

Objective cyclodeviation measurement in normal subjects by means of Cyclocheck® application

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090531
Author(s):  
Justyna Simiera ◽  
Agata Joanna Ordon ◽  
Piotr Loba
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To evaluate the range of cyclodeviation in normal individuals by means of Cyclocheck® application recently designed by the authors and freely available at www.cyclocheck.com . Methods: Healthy subjects with normal muscle balance, best-corrected visual acuity of ⩾0.8, and stereopsis on Randot charts of ⩽100 s of arc were included in the study. Two separate digital fundus photographs were taken of each eye of every patient. The disk-foveal angle was calculated using the Cyclocheck® application. The average result of the disk-foveal angle measurements were considered for data analysis. Results: A total of 131 patients met inclusion criteria for the study population. The mean value of the disk-foveal angle in the whole study group (both right and left eye) was 6.39° ± 2.72° with 5.26° ± 2.56° (range from −0.4° to 12.55°) in the right eye and 7.52° ± 2.39° (range from 1.25° to 12.76°) in the left eye. The mean value of the disk-foveal angle of the left eye was greater by 2.26° than that of the right eye. Conclusion: Cyclocheck® software allows easy assessment of cyclodeviation. Normal individuals present with a positive value of the disk-foveal angle with a certain spread of the results. The analysis of obtained measurements revealed a significant asymmetry between both eyes with the left eye being more excyclodeviated in an otherwise orthotropic population, which remains a subject for further investigations.

Effect of Ibuprofen on Platelet Function in Normal Subjects and Hemophiliacs

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. McIntyre ◽  
R.B. Philp ◽  
M.J. Inwood
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Most anti-inflammatory analgesics are contraindicated in hemophiliacs because of inhibition of platelets, erosion of gastric mucosa, and prolongation of bleeding time. New proprionic acid derivatives are claimed to have a lower incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and less effect on the hemostatic system. One of these (ibuprofen, Motrin, Upjohn) was given (600 mg per os) to normal subjects and hemophiliacs on a random, double-blind basis (lactose placebo) and platelet adhesiveness and aggregation, platelet and red-cell counts, % packed cells, % hemoglobin and modified Ivy bleeding time were measured before and 2 and 24 hours (hr) after drug. Pre-drug and 24 hr post-drug values were normal but at 2 hr post-drug, ADP, adrenaline and collagen aggregations were inhibited and bleeding times slightly but significantly prolonged in the ibuprofen-treated normal subjects. Similar results were obtained in the ibuprofen-treated hemophiliacs but prolongation of bleeding time was not significant. In vitro studies with citrated platelet-rich plasma showed that ibuprofen inhibits platelet aggregation and synthesis of prostaglandins by platelets. Thus the results suggest that ibuprofen may be given to hemophiliacs rather than some of the older anti-inflammatory agents presently in use.

Evidence of Increased Oxalate Absorption in Patients with Calcium-Containing Renal Stones

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
And Control

1. The possible roles of the diet and of intestinal absorption in the increased excretion of oxalate by patients with renal calcium stones have been studied. 2. Dietary surveys showed that the mean daily intake of oxalic acid by stone-formers was not significantly different from that of non-stone-formers. 3. The mean urinary excretion of oxalate, expressed as an oxalate/creatinine molar ratio, was significantly reduced by fasting, the change being more marked in the stone-formers than in the normal subjects. Moreover, fasting abolished the difference in mean oxalate/creatinine ratios between stone-formers and control subjects. 4. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the small increases in urinary oxalate excretion which occur in some idiopathic calcium oxalate stone-formers are due to increased absorption of oxalate from the intestine, which may be due to a reduction in intraluminal calcium concentration.

scholarly journals Compliance of the respiratory system and its components in health and obesity

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naimark ◽  
R. M. Cherniack
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Compliance ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Compliance

The compliance of the total respiratory system and its components was studied in 24 normal and 12 obese spontaneously breathing unanesthetized subjects. The mean compliance of the total respiratory system was .119 l/cm H2O in normal individuals, but was .052 l/cm H2O in obese subjects. The difference indicated an increased elastic resistance to distention. The compliance of the lung in obese individuals was not different from that of the normals. The compliance of the chest wall was .224 l/cm H2O in normal subjects and was .077 l/cm H2O in obese individuals. In contrast to normal subjects, total respiratory compliance was markedly reduced by recumbency in obese individuals. This was entirely due to a further increase in the resistance of the chest wall. A significant correlation was demonstrated between vital capacity and total respiratory compliance in normal and obese subjects. It has been estimated that of the increase in the mechanical work of breathing in obesity is due to elastic work done on the chest wall. Submitted on November 2, 1959

scholarly journals A Double-blind Cross-over Study evaluating the Efficacy of a Light-activated Toothbrush

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Gerry Uswak ◽  
Jinhwa Lee ◽  
Jennife Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Panel ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a new, light-activated toothbrush, (Soladey-J3X) incorporated with a TiO2 semiconductor and a solar panel (test) with a similar toothbrush but without the active semiconductor and solar panel (control). Materials and methods Forty-nine adults aged 19 to 34 years completed a double-blind, cross-over study with each participant using the test and control brush for a period of 3 weeks each. The mean differences between baseline plaque and gingivitis scores and, after the subjects used, the test and control brushes were analyzed by the paired t-test. Results The test and control brush demonstrated a reduction in overall plaque scores, but the difference between the two brushes was not statistically significant. The Soladey-J3X, however, showed a statistically significant difference in the overall mean reduction in gingivitis and on the buccal and interproximal surfaces compared to the control. Conclusion Both the test and the control toothbrushes induced a reduction in plaque scores after 3 weeks of use but the differences between the two type of brushes were not statistically significant. However, the test brush was more efficacious than the control in reducing overall gingival index scores and on the buccal and interproximal surfaces. Additional in vivo and longer term clinical trials are, however, warranted to fully investigate the mechanism and efficacy of TiO2 semiconductor toothbrushes on plaque biofilm and gingival inflammation. How to cite this article Uswak G, Hoover J, Lee J, Li J, Karunanayake C. A Double-blind Cross-over Study evaluating the Efficacy of a Light-activated Toothbrush. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):57-60.

β-Thromboglobulin in Antecubital Vein Blood - The Influence of Age, Sex and Blood Group

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Dewar ◽  
T Marshall ◽  
D Weightman ◽  
V Prakash ◽  
P J Boon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SummarySamples of blood for estimation of beta-thromboglobulin (B. T. G.) in normal subjects have been obtained both from blood donors at the end of their donation and from other volunteers by standard venepuncture. The former was a satisfactory method in males only.By standard venepuncture females have on average lower values than males and in the pre-menopausal age groups the difference is statistically significant.Mean values vary little up to 59 years after which they rise slowly but steadily. There is no significant difference in the mean B. T. G. values between the ABO blood groups.

Biological and Analytic Components of Variation in Long-Term Studies of Serum Constituents in Normal Subjects

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Young ◽  
Eugene K Harris ◽  
Ernest Cotlove
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Blood was sampled from nine healthy subjects weekly for 10 weeks, under controlled conditions. Eighteen serum constituents were measured in duplicate in each sample on a single occasion. In this way analytic variation was minimized. Considerable variations in mean values and standard deviations of results were observed among the subjects. Physiological control of serum calcium and magnesium concentrations appeared to be more precise than duplicate determinations in the laboratory. Compared with a previous study from this laboratory, significantly different estimates of personal variation were noted for sodium, chloride, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and LDH in a group matched by age, race, and sex. At the same time, the present study group, homogenous with respect to these demographic factors (and also occupation) showed as great a diversity in the mean concentrations of most constituents as was seen earlier in a larger, more heterogenous group of normal individuals. These findings indicate that certain blood parameters depend more on personal characteristics than on broad demographic factors.

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