scholarly journals Selective generation of erythroid burst-promoting activity by recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Skettino ◽  
J Phillips ◽  
L Lanier ◽  
A Nagler ◽  
P Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Recombinant Interleukin 2

Abstract Because T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells produce a variety of growth factors and interleukin 2 (IL2) modulates the activity of both, we assessed the ability of IL2 to stimulate human T cells and NK cells to produce hematopoietic growth factors detectable in clonogenic marrow culture. Human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) added directly to cultures of human bone marrow that had been depleted of monocytes or depleted of both monocytes and T cells caused no significant alteration of myeloid (CFU-GM) or erythroid colony formation. Conditioned media harvested from rIL2-stimulated (greater than 100 U/mL) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells, Leu-2 cells, and Leu-3 cells all had erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) but lacked myeloid colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. These T cells were IL2 receptor-negative, and the addition of anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) to T cell cultures did not abrogate this IL2-stimulated BPA production. In addition, Percoll gradient-enriched, large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were separated by fluorescence- activated cell sorting into Leu-11+ (NK) cells and Leu-11- (low-density Leu-4+ T) cell fractions. rIL2 stimulated LGL, Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells to produce BPA but not detectable GM-CSF or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. Leu-11+ (NK) cells were Tac-negative from days 0 through 14 of culture. We conclude that rIL2 at high concentrations stimulated T cells, Leu-2 and Leu-3 cell subsets, LGL, and NK cells to produce BPA but not GM-CSF and that this stimulation may be mediated by an IL2 receptor distinct from Tac or by an epitope of the IL2 receptor not recognized by the anti-Tac antibody.

scholarly journals Selective generation of erythroid burst-promoting activity by recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
S Skettino ◽  
J Phillips ◽  
L Lanier ◽  
A Nagler ◽  
P Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Recombinant Interleukin 2

Because T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells produce a variety of growth factors and interleukin 2 (IL2) modulates the activity of both, we assessed the ability of IL2 to stimulate human T cells and NK cells to produce hematopoietic growth factors detectable in clonogenic marrow culture. Human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) added directly to cultures of human bone marrow that had been depleted of monocytes or depleted of both monocytes and T cells caused no significant alteration of myeloid (CFU-GM) or erythroid colony formation. Conditioned media harvested from rIL2-stimulated (greater than 100 U/mL) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells, Leu-2 cells, and Leu-3 cells all had erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) but lacked myeloid colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. These T cells were IL2 receptor-negative, and the addition of anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) to T cell cultures did not abrogate this IL2-stimulated BPA production. In addition, Percoll gradient-enriched, large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were separated by fluorescence- activated cell sorting into Leu-11+ (NK) cells and Leu-11- (low-density Leu-4+ T) cell fractions. rIL2 stimulated LGL, Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells to produce BPA but not detectable GM-CSF or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. Leu-11+ (NK) cells were Tac-negative from days 0 through 14 of culture. We conclude that rIL2 at high concentrations stimulated T cells, Leu-2 and Leu-3 cell subsets, LGL, and NK cells to produce BPA but not GM-CSF and that this stimulation may be mediated by an IL2 receptor distinct from Tac or by an epitope of the IL2 receptor not recognized by the anti-Tac antibody.

scholarly journals Interleukin-2 from Adaptive T Cells Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity against Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 6435-6441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeguang Wu ◽  
Giada Frascaroli ◽  
Carina Bayer ◽  
Tatjana Schmal ◽  
Thomas Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Interleukin 2

ABSTRACTControl of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) requires a continuous immune surveillance, thus HCMV is the most important viral pathogen in severely immunocompromised individuals. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the control of HCMV. Here, we report that peripheral blood natural killer cells (PBNKs) from HCMV-seropositive donors showed an enhanced activity toward HCMV-infected autologous macrophages. However, this enhanced response was abolished when purified NK cells were applied as effectors. We demonstrate that this enhanced PBNK activity was dependent on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion of CD4+T cells when reexposed to the virus. Purified T cells enhanced the activity of purified NK cells in response to HCMV-infected macrophages. This effect could be suppressed by IL-2 blocking. Our findings not only extend the knowledge on the immune surveillance in HCMV—namely, that NK cell-mediated innate immunity can be enhanced by a preexisting T cell antiviral immunity—but also indicate a potential clinical implication for patients at risk for severe HCMV manifestations due to immunosuppressive drugs, which mainly suppress IL-2 production and T cell responsiveness.IMPORTANCEHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is never cleared by the host after primary infection but instead establishes a lifelong latent infection with possible reactivations when the host′s immunity becomes suppressed. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are important for the control of viral infections. Natural killer (NK) cells are main innate effectors providing a rapid response to virus-infected cells. Virus-specific T cells are the main adaptive effectors that are critical for the control of the latent infection and limitation of reinfection. In this study, we found that IL-2 secreted by adaptive CD4+T cells after reexposure to HCMV enhances the activity of NK cells in response to HCMV-infected target cells. This is the first direct evidence that the adaptive T cells can help NK cells to act against HCMV infection.

scholarly journals Natural Killer Cell–Mediated Eradication of Neuroblastoma Metastases to Bone Marrow by Targeted Interleukin-2 Therapy

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger N. Lode ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Torsten Dreier ◽  
Nissi M. Varki ◽  
Stephen D. Gillies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2

Targeted interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy with a genetically engineered antidisialoganglioside GD2 antibody–IL-2 fusion protein induced a cell-mediated antitumor response that effectively eradicated established bone marrow and liver metastases in a syngeneic model of neuroblastoma. The mechanism involved is exclusively natural killer (NK) cell–dependent, because NK-cell deficiency abrogated the antitumor effect. In contrast, the fusion protein remained completely effective in the T-cell–deficient mice or immunocompetent mice depleted of CD8+ T cells in vivo. A strong stimulation of NK-cell activity was also shown in vitro. Immunohistology of the leukocytic infiltrate of livers from treated mice revealed a strong staining for NK cells but not for CD8+ T cells. The therapeutic effect of the fusion protein was increased when combined with NK-cell–stimulating agents, such as poly I:C or recombinant mouse interferon-γ. In conclusion, these data show that targeted delivery of cytokines to the tumor microenvironment offers a new strategy to elicit an effective cellular immune response mediated by NK cells against metastatic neuroblastoma. This therapeutic effect may have general clinical implications for the treatment of patients with minimal residual disease who suffer from T-cell suppression after high-dose chemotherapy but are not deficient in NK cells.

scholarly journals Natural Killer Cell–Mediated Eradication of Neuroblastoma Metastases to Bone Marrow by Targeted Interleukin-2 Therapy

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger N. Lode ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Torsten Dreier ◽  
Nissi M. Varki ◽  
Stephen D. Gillies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2

Abstract Targeted interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy with a genetically engineered antidisialoganglioside GD2 antibody–IL-2 fusion protein induced a cell-mediated antitumor response that effectively eradicated established bone marrow and liver metastases in a syngeneic model of neuroblastoma. The mechanism involved is exclusively natural killer (NK) cell–dependent, because NK-cell deficiency abrogated the antitumor effect. In contrast, the fusion protein remained completely effective in the T-cell–deficient mice or immunocompetent mice depleted of CD8+ T cells in vivo. A strong stimulation of NK-cell activity was also shown in vitro. Immunohistology of the leukocytic infiltrate of livers from treated mice revealed a strong staining for NK cells but not for CD8+ T cells. The therapeutic effect of the fusion protein was increased when combined with NK-cell–stimulating agents, such as poly I:C or recombinant mouse interferon-γ. In conclusion, these data show that targeted delivery of cytokines to the tumor microenvironment offers a new strategy to elicit an effective cellular immune response mediated by NK cells against metastatic neuroblastoma. This therapeutic effect may have general clinical implications for the treatment of patients with minimal residual disease who suffer from T-cell suppression after high-dose chemotherapy but are not deficient in NK cells.

scholarly journals Direct effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on functional features of human T-lymphocytes

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Н.Д. Газатова ◽  
В.В. Малащенко ◽  
М.Е. Меняйло ◽  
В.А. Шмаров ◽  
О.Б. Мелащенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Актуальность. Исследовали прямые эффекты гранулоцит-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (GM-CSF) человека на функциональную активность субпопуляций T-лимфоцитов. Методы. CD3 Т-лимфоциты были выделены из крови здоровых доноров методом позитивной магнитной сепарации. T-клетки активировали частицами, конъюгированными с антителами (АТ) к молекулам CD3, СD28 и СD2 человека. Мембранную экспрессию CD3, СD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25 и CD38 оценивали методом проточной цитофлюорометрии. Содержание интерферона-g (interferon-g, IFN-g), интерлейкина-2 (interleukin-2, IL-2). IL-4 и IL-10 в культуральных супернатантах определяли иммуноферментным методом. Результаты. Установлено, что GM-CSF в диапазоне концентраций 0,01-10,0 нг/мл не оказывал существенного влияния на содержание CD25 клеток, среди активированных Т-лимфоцитов. Вместе с тем, GM-CSF в концентрации 0,1-1,0 нг/мл обладал способностью заметно увеличивать содержание CD38 клеток среди наивных Т-клеток (СD45RA/СD197), а также среди Т-клеток центральной памяти (СD45RA/СD197), не оказывая при этом существенного влияния на экспрессию CD38, выявляемую среди эффекторных (СD45RA/СD197) и терминально дифференцированных (СD45RA/СD197) эффекторных Т-клеток. В относительно низкой концентрации (0,01 нг/мл) GM-CSF заметно снижал Т-клеточную продукцию INF-g, тогда как в высокой концентрации (10,0 нг/мл) усиливал продукцию IL-2 и IL-4, снижая при этом выработку IL-10. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что прямые эффекты GM-CSF на функциональную активность Т-клетки могут в значительной степени определяться как ее субпопуляционной принадлежностью, так и концентрацией цитокина в клеточном микроокружении. Background. We studied direct effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the function of T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Methods. CD3 T cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by positive magnetic separation. Isolated T cells were activated by particles conjugated with antibodies (Abs) to human CD3, CD28, and CD2 molecules. Membrane expression of CD4, СD45RA, СD197, CD25, and CD38 was evaluated by flow cytofluorometry. The contents of interferon-g (IFN-g), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 were determined in culture supernatants by the enzyme immunoassay. Results. GM-CSF at concentrations of 0.01-10.0 ng/ml had no significant impact on the content of CD25 cells among activated T lymphocytes. At the same time, GM-CSF at 0.1-1.0 ng/ml was able to noticeably increase the CD38 cell content among both naive CD45RA/CD197 T cells and central memory CD45RA/CD197 T cells, without significantly influencing the СD38 expression on effector CD45RA/CD197 and terminal-differentiated (CD45RA / CD197 effector T cells. GM-CSF at a relatively low concentration (0.01 ng/ml) significantly decreased T-cell production of INF-g whereas GM-CSF at a high concentration (10.0 ng/ml) detectably enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 and lowered IL-10 production. Conclusion. The results suggest that direct effects of GM-CSF on the T cell function could be largely determined by both its belonging to a subpopulation and the cytokine concentration in the cell microenvironment.

In vivo and in vitro activation of natural killer cells in advanced cancer patients undergoing combined recombinant interleukin-2 and LAK cell therapy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Phillips ◽  
B T Gemlo ◽  
W W Myers ◽  
A A Rayner ◽  
L L Lanier
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lak Cell ◽  
Recombinant Interleukin 2

Patients with advanced metastatic cancer were given combined autologous lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) therapy on a National Cancer Institute extramural phase II trial. Systemic administration of rIL-2 resulted in pronounced lymphocytopenia. Within two days after completion of in vivo rIL-2 therapy, there was a dramatic increase in absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes, and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell targets was mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes, indicating in vivo generation of LAK activity. Patients were leukapheresed and cells cultured for three to four days in rIL-2. rIL-2 cultured cells from all patients demonstrated cytotoxic activity. In order to characterize the effector cell, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were isolated to greater than 95% purity by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity was mediated by rIL-2--activated NK cells, whereas T cells demonstrated no substantial activity. The circulating in vivo cytotoxic effectors detected after in vivo rIL-2 therapy were also shown to be rIL-2--activated NK cells. Results from these studies demonstrate that all patients were capable of generating a cytotoxic response, and that the cytotoxic effector cells were rIL-2--activated NK cells, identified by the phenotype CD3--, Leu 19+.

scholarly journals NF-kappa B as inducible transcriptional activator of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Schreck ◽  
P A Baeuerle
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The expression of the gene encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is induced upon activation of T cells with phytohemagglutinin and active phorbolester and upon expression of tax1, a transactivating protein of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I. The same agents induce transcription from the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain and interleukin-2 genes, depending on promoter elements that bind the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B (or an NF-kappa B-like factor). We therefore tested the possibility that the GM-CSF gene is also regulated by a cognate motif for the NF-kappa B transcription factor. A recent functional analysis by Miyatake et al. (S. Miyatake, M. Seiki, M. Yoshida, and K. Arai, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5581-5587, 1988) described a short promoter region in the GM-CSF gene that conferred strong inducibility by T-cell-activating signals and tax1, but no NF-kappa B-binding motifs were identified. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we showed binding of purified human NF-kappa B and of the NF-kappa B activated in Jurkat T cells to an oligonucleotide comprising the GM-CSF promoter element responsible for mediating responsiveness to T-cell-activating signals and tax1. As shown by a methylation interference analysis and oligonucleotide competition experiments, purified NF-kappa B binds at positions -82 to -91 (GGGAACTACC) of the GM-CSF promoter sequence with an affinity similar to that with which it binds to the biologically functional kappa B motif in the beta interferon promoter (GGGAAATTCC). Two kappa B-like motifs at positions -98 to -108 of the GM-CSF promoter were also recognized but with much lower affinities. Our data provide strong evidence that the expression of the GM-CSF gene following T-cell activation is controlled by binding of the NF-kappa B transcription factor to a high-affinity binding site in the GM-CSF promoter.

scholarly journals Human Platelet Lysate Media Supplement Supports Lentiviral Transduction and Expansion of Human T Lymphocytes While Maintaining Memory Phenotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Canestrari ◽  
Hayley R. Steidinger ◽  
Brianna McSwain ◽  
Steven J. Charlebois ◽  
Christina Tenenhaus Dann
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Memory Phenotype ◽  
Human Platelet Lysate

Immune cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat malignancies that were up until recently only treated on a palliative basis. Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) modified T lymphocytes (T cells) in particular have proven to be very effective for certain hematological malignancies. The production of CAR T cells usually involves viral transduction andex vivoculture of T cells. The aim of this study was to explore the use of human platelet lysate (HPL) compared to two commonly used supplements, human AB serum (ABS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), for modified T cell production. For studying transduction, activated T cells were transduced with lentivirus to deliver GFP transgenes with three different promoters. Transduction efficiency (percent GFP) was similar among the supplements, and a modest increase in the transgene product (mean fluorescence intensity) was observed when HPL was used as a supplement compared to ABS. To study the effect of supplements on expansion, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were activated and expanded in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL2) for fourteen days. T cell expansions using HPL and ABS were comparable and slightly less than the expansion obtained with FBS. Interestingly, cells expanded in media supplemented with HPL showed a higher percentage of T cells with a central memory phenotype compared to those expanded in ABS or FBS. Protein profiling revealed that the phenotypic differences may be explained by elevated levels of several cytokines in HPL, including IL7. The results suggest that the use of HPL as a cell culture supplement during the production of modified T cells is a reasonable alternative to ABS. Furthermore, the use of HPL may enhancein vivoperformance of the final product by enriching for central memory T cells that are associated with long-term persistence following adoptive transfer.

Interferon- Activates Multiple STAT Proteins and Upregulates Proliferation-Associated IL-2R, c-myc, and pim-1 Genes in Human T Cells

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1980-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampsa Matikainen ◽  
Timo Sareneva ◽  
Tapani Ronni ◽  
Anne Lehtonen ◽  
Päivi J. Koskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
T Cell Biology ◽  
Cytokine Stimulation

Interferon- (IFN-) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory functions. There is increasing evidence that IFN- has an important role in T-cell biology. We have analyzed the expression ofIL-2R, c-myc, and pim-1 genes in anti-CD3–activated human T lymphocytes. The induction of these genes is associated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)–induced T-cell proliferation. Treatment of T lymphocytes with IFN-, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 upregulated IL-2R, c-myc, andpim-1 gene expression. IFN- also sensitized T cells to IL-2–induced proliferation, further suggesting that IFN- may be involved in the regulation of T-cell mitogenesis. When we analyzed the nature of STAT proteins capable of binding to IL-2R,pim-1, and IRF-1 GAS elements after cytokine stimulation, we observed IFN-–induced binding of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT4, but not STAT5 to all of these elements. Yet, IFN- was able to activate binding of STAT5 to the high-affinity IFP53 GAS site. IFN- enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, and STAT5b. IL-12 induced STAT4 and IL-2 and IL-15 induced STAT5 binding to the GAS elements. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN-, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 have overlapping activities on human T cells. These findings thus emphasize the importance of IFN- as a T-cell regulatory cytokine.

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