scholarly journals Prevention of refractoriness and HLA-alloimmunization using filtered blood products

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sniecinski ◽  
MR O'Donnell ◽  
B Nowicki ◽  
LR Hill
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Leukocyte Depletion ◽  
Actuarial Methods ◽  
The Cost

Depletion of leukocytes from all blood products may decrease the incidence of alloimmunization to HLA antigens present on the white cells and thus delay the onset of refractoriness to random donor platelet support. In order to test this hypothesis, 54 patients with hematologic malignancy or marrow aplasia were entered on a prospective randomized trial using cotton-wool filtration as a method of leukocyte depletion of red cell and platelet concentrates. Forty patients were considered evaluable; 20 patients received filtered products and 20 patients in the control group received standard unfiltered products. The filter was 99% efficient in removal of leukocytes (average number of WBC/platelet product, 6 X 10(6)). Platelet loss by this technique was 8%. Alloimmunization was assessed by detection of de novo formed lymphocytotoxic and platelet specific antibodies by microcytotoxicity test, Staph A protein radioimmunoassay, and solid phase red cell adherence test. In the group receiving filtered products, three of 20 (15%) patients developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies while ten of 20 (50%) patients in the control group developed cytotoxic antibodies (P = .01 by actuarial methods). Platelet antibodies were detected in seven of ten alloimmunized patients in the control group and three of three patients in the study group. Clinical evidence of refractoriness was seen in three of 20 patients in the filtered group and ten of 20 in the control group (P = .01 by actuarial methods). The cost of filtration was a fraction of the cost of a plateletpheresis product. Filtration appears to be an effective and economical method for reducing alloimmunization and clinical refractoriness to random donor platelets in patient receiving long-term transfusion support.

scholarly journals Prevention of refractoriness and HLA-alloimmunization using filtered blood products

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sniecinski ◽  
MR O'Donnell ◽  
B Nowicki ◽  
LR Hill
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Leukocyte Depletion ◽  
Actuarial Methods ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Depletion of leukocytes from all blood products may decrease the incidence of alloimmunization to HLA antigens present on the white cells and thus delay the onset of refractoriness to random donor platelet support. In order to test this hypothesis, 54 patients with hematologic malignancy or marrow aplasia were entered on a prospective randomized trial using cotton-wool filtration as a method of leukocyte depletion of red cell and platelet concentrates. Forty patients were considered evaluable; 20 patients received filtered products and 20 patients in the control group received standard unfiltered products. The filter was 99% efficient in removal of leukocytes (average number of WBC/platelet product, 6 X 10(6)). Platelet loss by this technique was 8%. Alloimmunization was assessed by detection of de novo formed lymphocytotoxic and platelet specific antibodies by microcytotoxicity test, Staph A protein radioimmunoassay, and solid phase red cell adherence test. In the group receiving filtered products, three of 20 (15%) patients developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies while ten of 20 (50%) patients in the control group developed cytotoxic antibodies (P = .01 by actuarial methods). Platelet antibodies were detected in seven of ten alloimmunized patients in the control group and three of three patients in the study group. Clinical evidence of refractoriness was seen in three of 20 patients in the filtered group and ten of 20 in the control group (P = .01 by actuarial methods). The cost of filtration was a fraction of the cost of a plateletpheresis product. Filtration appears to be an effective and economical method for reducing alloimmunization and clinical refractoriness to random donor platelets in patient receiving long-term transfusion support.

Transfusion of CMV Seronegative T-Deplete Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients with CMV Unselected Blood Products Confers a Zero Risk of CMV Transmission in the Era of Universal Leucodepletion: A UK Single-Centre Experience

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2894-2894
Author(s):  
Suzanne Hall ◽  
Sandeep Nagra ◽  
Husam Osman ◽  
Mark Cook ◽  
Charles F. Craddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Primary CMV infection may follow infusion of stem cells or blood products from a seropositive (or actively infected) donor. CMV negative SCT recipients, especially those receiving T-deplete grafts, are particularly at risk and have routinely only received blood products from CMV negative donors. Previous studies suggest a low rate of CMV transmission with the use of leucodepleted but CMV unselected blood products. These studies belong to an era where techniques used to detect CMV infection (culture, serology or antigen testing) had limited sensitivity. A small number of studies in recent times have attempted to address this issue using nucleic acid testing to detect CMV infection, once again confirming the safety of this approach. Of note, none of these studies specify the proportion of patients receiving a T-deplete graft. We report our experience using a highly sensitive qPCR assay in CMV seronegative allogeneic SCT recipients, predominantly receiving an intensely T-depleted graft at a single, large UK transplant center. Universal leucodepletion to <5 x 106 white cells per unit has been in routine use for blood components in the UK since 1999. Its effectiveness as a strategy to prevent CMV transmission in SCT remains uncertain. Prior to April 2013, CMV seronegative SCT recipients at our center received CMV negative blood products and had no routine CMV PCR monitoring post transplant if the graft was from a seronegative donor. In April 2013, in response to the UK advisory committee on the safety of blood, tissues and organs (SaBTO) position statement (2012), we switched to CMV unselected blood products for all transplant patients and introduced routine weekly blood CMV PCR monitoring. We set out to establish the frequency of CMV transmission in CMV seronegative patients prior to and since the change in transfusion policy at our center. Patients with <100 days post transplant follow up were excluded. Between April 2013 and April 2104, 24 CMV seronegative recipients underwent allogeneic SCT (index group) at the University Hospital Birmingham and received CMV unselected but leucodepleted blood products. Weekly CMV PCR monitoring was performed in these patients, using a highly sensitive qPCR assay (sensitivity of 200 copies /ml whole blood), until a minimum of 100 days post-transplant. We analyzed 24 sequential CMV seronegative allogeneic SCT patients who received a transplant prior to the change of policy and received leucodepleted, CMV negative products as a matched control group. In this group, CMV PCR monitoring was performed routinely only in patients receiving a graft from a CMV seropositive donor. Testing was otherwise performed only if there was clinical suspicion of infection. Mean age of patients in the index group was 41.2 years at time of transplant. All patients received peripheral blood stem cells with the donor source being sibling in 9 (37.5%), unrelated in 14 (58.3%) and cord blood in 1. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) in the index group and 17 (70.8%) in the control group received intense T-depletion with in vivo alemtuzumab or anti-thymocyte globulin. Six patients in each group (25%) received graft from a CMV seropositive donor. Patients in the index group were transfused a total of 129 red cell and 103 platelet units. In comparison, patients in the control group received more transfusions (314 red cell and 245 platelet units). This difference may be partly attributable to an excess of lymphoma patients in the index group who may have a lower transfusion requirement compared to patients with myelodysplasia or acute leukemia. In addition follow-up was longer in the control group (535 days compared to 306 days). There were no CMV transmissions or symptomatic CMV infections in either group. With a total of 232 units of leucodepleted, CMV unselected blood products transfused we find no evidence of CMV transmission using a highly sensitive qPCR assay in a uniform population of high risk CMV seronegative patients receiving an allogeneic SCT, predominantly with intense T cell depletion. Our data provides strong evidence supporting the safety of this approach and if confirmed in a larger, prospective UK study, could form the basis for discontinuing routine CMV PCR monitoring in this setting with significant cost savings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Use of leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates for the prevention of refractoriness and primary HLA alloimmunization: a prospective, randomized trial

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M van Marwijk Kooy ◽  
HC van Prooijen ◽  
M Moes ◽  
I Bosma-Stants ◽  
JW Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Leukocyte Depletion ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Platelet Transfusions

Abstract Compared with conventional transfusion regimes a strong reduction in HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions is obtained when both red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs) are depleted of leukocytes by filtration. Because most of the leukocyte contamination is introduced by transfusion of RBCs, filtration of RBCs appears rational, but uncertainty exists regarding the degree of leukocyte-depletion of PCs needed for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness. We conducted a prospective trial and randomized patients with acute leukemia to receive leukocyte-depleted PCs prepared either by centrifugation (mean leukocyte count 35 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U) or by filtration (mean leukocyte count less than 5 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U). Both groups received RBCs that were filtered after prior removal of the buffy coat. Clinical refractoriness occurred in 46% (12 of 26) of the evaluable patients that were transfused with centrifuged PCs and only in 11% (3 of 27) in the filtered group (P less than .005). De novo anti-HLA antibodies were detected in 42% (11 of 26) patients in the centrifuged group and only in 7% (2 of 27) of the patients receiving filtered PCs (P less than .004). In 8 of 11 alloimmunized patients in the centrifuged group antibodies were detected in the first 4 weeks of transfusion therapy while none of the patients in the filtered group became immunized against HLA antigens during that period. We conclude that for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions from random donors, both RBCs and PCs have to be leukocyte- depleted by filtration.

scholarly journals Use of leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates for the prevention of refractoriness and primary HLA alloimmunization: a prospective, randomized trial

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M van Marwijk Kooy ◽  
HC van Prooijen ◽  
M Moes ◽  
I Bosma-Stants ◽  
JW Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Leukocyte Depletion ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Platelet Transfusions

Compared with conventional transfusion regimes a strong reduction in HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions is obtained when both red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) and platelet concentrates (PCs) are depleted of leukocytes by filtration. Because most of the leukocyte contamination is introduced by transfusion of RBCs, filtration of RBCs appears rational, but uncertainty exists regarding the degree of leukocyte-depletion of PCs needed for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness. We conducted a prospective trial and randomized patients with acute leukemia to receive leukocyte-depleted PCs prepared either by centrifugation (mean leukocyte count 35 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U) or by filtration (mean leukocyte count less than 5 x 10(6)/PC of 6 U). Both groups received RBCs that were filtered after prior removal of the buffy coat. Clinical refractoriness occurred in 46% (12 of 26) of the evaluable patients that were transfused with centrifuged PCs and only in 11% (3 of 27) in the filtered group (P less than .005). De novo anti-HLA antibodies were detected in 42% (11 of 26) patients in the centrifuged group and only in 7% (2 of 27) of the patients receiving filtered PCs (P less than .004). In 8 of 11 alloimmunized patients in the centrifuged group antibodies were detected in the first 4 weeks of transfusion therapy while none of the patients in the filtered group became immunized against HLA antigens during that period. We conclude that for the prevention of HLA alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusions from random donors, both RBCs and PCs have to be leukocyte- depleted by filtration.

Viscosity and Red Cell Deformity in Arterial Disease

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cella ◽  
H de Haas ◽  
M Rampling ◽  
V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Significant Difference

Haemorrheological factors have been shown to be affected in many kings of vascular disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate these factors in normal subjects and patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-two patients were investigated; they had moderate or severe intermittent claudication, extent of disease being confirmed by aorto-arteriography and ankle-systolic pressure studies. Twenty-five controls with no symptoms or signs of arterial disease were selected with comparable age and sex distribution. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 230 secs-1 and 23 secs-lat 37°c using a Wells Brookfield cone plate microvisco meter. Plasma viscosity was also measured in an identical manner. Erythrocyte flexibility was measured by centrifuge technique and fibrinogen concentration as well as haematocrit by standard techniques. The fibrinogen concentration appeared to be the only significant parameter; the mean concentration in patients with peripheral vascular disease of 463 ± 73mg/l00ml in the control group ( < 0.05). Although whole blood viscosity was high in patients, when corrected to a common haematocrit, there was no significant difference between patients and controls. The same megative correlation was found for plasma viscosity. The red cell flexibility was found to be increased in patients as compared to the control group, but this effect appeared to be simply proportional to the fibrinogen concentration.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

Effectiveness the use of additive MEGA-VIT in the ration of mares of Shetland pony breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
G. Uskov ◽  
A. Tsopanova ◽  
T. Perezhogina
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experimental Group

Complete feeding of ponies is provided on the basis of data on their nutritional needs depending on age, sex, physiological state and level of productivity (the amount of milk produced and the intensity of growth of young animals). Ponies are sensitive to a lack of vitamins and mineral elements in the feed. When there is a sufficient amount of organic and mineral substances, but a lack or absence of vitamins, horses and ponies have impaired metabolism. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the use of vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT in the rations of pregnant and lactating mares of Shetland pony breed. It has been found during of the researches that the vitamin and mineral additive MEGA-VIT had a positive influence on the productive and physiological indicators of animals. The cost of spent feed for the entire period of experiment in the control group was 50,6 thousand rubles, and in the experimental group it was 11,8 thousand rubles more or 23,5 %. Revenue from the sale of young horses of the control group amounted to 400 thousand rubles, and experimental group – 440 thousand rubles, this is by 40 thousand rubles more than in control group. This led to the increase in profit in the experimental group of mares by 28,1 thousand rubles and accordingly the level of profitability by 3,2 %. It has been recommended on the results have been obtained on the base of researches to include 30 g/head/day in the rations of mares of Shetland pony breed during pregnancy, and 50 g/head/day during lactation.

INFLUENCE OF STOCK HOUSE LIGHT ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experimental Group

The article is devoted to the solution of an urgent problem- influence of different lighting modes on the dairy productivity of cows. 2 groups of cows with 20 heads each were formed. In control group, light in the cowshed was 50-75 Lux for a light period of 7.5 h in January to 16.5 h in June, and in experimental group - 150-200 Lux and 16 h, respectively. It was found that the intensity and duration of illumination affects physiological state, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows. In the experimental group of cows, compared with the control group, hemoglobin content in blood increased by 4.6% (P < 0.01), red blood cells - by 20.6% (P < 0.05), total protein - by 11.2% (P < 0.001), glucose - by 39.1% (P < 0.05). There was a tendency to increase the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood serum of cows of the experimental group. The level of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows in the control group was 71.5% (P < 0.01) higher than that of cows in the experimental group. Milk yield per 1 cow in the experimental cowshed was 433 kg more than in the control. The cost of 1 kg of milk in the experimental group was 0.94 rubles lower, and the profitability of milk production and sales is 9.42% higher than in the control group. To increase the milk productivity of cows, it is recommended to increase light level in barns for tethered keeping to 150-200 Lux, with the duration of lighting in the winter and transition periods of year up to 16 hours per day.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Content and Circulating Erythropoietin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Petter Järemo ◽  
Alenka Jejcic ◽  
Vesna Jelic ◽  
Tasmin Shahnaz ◽  
Homira Behbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) features the accumulation of β-amyloid in erythrocytes. The subsequent red cell damage may well affect their oxygen-carrying capabilities. 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin thereby promoting oxygen release. It is theorized that 2,3-DPG is reduced in AD and that the resulting hypoxia triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release. Methods & Objective: To explore this theory, we analyzed red cell 2,3-DPG content and EPO in AD, mild cognitive impairment, and the control group, subjective cognitive impairment. Results: We studied (i) 2,3-DPG in red cells, and (ii) circulating EPO in AD, and both markers were unaffected by dementia. Disturbances of these oxygen-regulatory pathways do not appear to participate in brain hypoxia in AD.

The clinical relevance of isolated lupus anticoagulant positivity in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-mei Yin ◽  
Philip de Groot ◽  
Marisa Ninivaggi ◽  
Katrien M.J. Devreese ◽  
Bas de Laat
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Domain I ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Better Than

Background: Patients positive for three types of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) (triple positivity) have been identified at a high risk for thrombotic events. However, the clinical significance of isolated lupus anticoagulant (LAC) positivity is debated. Objectives: To investigate the clinical relevance of isolated LAC. Patients/Methods 456 patients were enrolled in this study; 66 antiphospholipid syndrome patients and 390 control patients. The control group existed of autoimmune patients (n=91), patients with thrombosis but without aPLs (n=127) and normal controls (n=172). The criteria LAC, anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL) and anti-beta2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgG and IgM and the non-criteria IgA anti-CL and anti-β2GPI, anti-domain I (anti-DI) of β2GPI IgG and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (anti-PS/PT) IgG and IgM were detected according to the ISTH guidelines for solid phase assays. Results: 70 patients were positive for LAC, of which 44 were negative for both anti-β2GPI and anti-CL. We found that isolated LAC proved to be strongly associated with vascular thrombosis (Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 7.3 (3.3-16.1)), even better than triple positive samples (OR 4.3 (1.6-12.2)). The titers of the anti-PS/PT IgG and IgM were significantly higher in triple positivity samples compared to samples with isolated LAC positivity. The majority of single LAC positives were anti-PS/PT negative. We observed that LAC positivity was weaker in isolated LAC positive patients compared to LAC activity in triple positive patients. Conclusions: Isolated LAC was highly associated with thrombosis. The presence of anti-PS/PT could not explain LAC positivity in isolated LAC. Isolated LAC showed a weaker LAC activity compared to triple positive patients.

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