scholarly journals Strict Lymphotropism of Epstein-Barr Virus During Acute Infectious Mononucleosis in Nonimmunocompromised Individuals

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 2856-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Karajannis ◽  
M. Hummel ◽  
I. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Peripheral Mononuclear Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

Abstract Previous investigations of exfoliated oropharyngeal cells from individuals suffering from infectious mononucleosis (IM) suggested that the oropharyngeal epithelia are the primary target and also the site of life-long persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This concept was widely accepted. However, the investigation of histological sections with more sensitive EBV detection techniques has drawn this concept into doubt since EBV proved to be constantly absent in normal epithelial cells. To elucidate the discrepancy, throat washings and peripheral mononuclear blood cells from 16 patients suffering from IM were investigated for EBV-DNA and EBV gene products employing highly sensitive in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction. Although all patients exhibited latently infected B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, samples of exfoliated oropharyngeal cells were constantly EBV-negative with the exception of three cases. In these cases, the patients additionally suffered from purulent ulcerating tonsillitis, EBV-infected B cells, but no EBV-infected epithelial cells were detectable. These findings support the view that recirculating lymphocytes of B-cell origin, but not epithelial cells are the initial target of EBV during primary infection and that B cells also represent the site of life-long viral persistence.

scholarly journals Impaired Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Response during Acute Infectious Mononucleosis Is Coincident with Global B-Cell Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (17) ◽  
pp. 9137-9141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Panikkar ◽  
Corey Smith ◽  
Andrew Hislop ◽  
Nick Tellam ◽  
Vijayendra Dasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

Here we present evidence for previously unappreciated B-cell immune dysregulation during acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM). Longitudinal analyses revealed that patients with acute IM have undetectable EBV-specific neutralizing antibodies and gp350-specific B-cell responses, which were associated with a significant reduction in memory B cells and no evidence of circulating antibody-secreting cells. These observations correlate with dysregulation of tumor necrosis factor family members BAFF and APRIL and increased expression of FAS on circulating B cells.

scholarly journals Morphology, immunophenotype, and distribution of latently and/or productively Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in acute infectious mononucleosis: implications for the interindividual infection route of Epstein-Barr virus

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Anagnostopoulos ◽  
M Hummel ◽  
C Kreschel ◽  
H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

The present study was undertaken to unequivocally demonstrate the morphology, immunophenotype, and localization of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells as well as the type of infection (latent versus productive) in tonsils of acute infectious mononucleosis. Paraffin sections from nine cases with clinical, serologic, and morphologic evidence of EBV infection were analyzed for the detection of small transcripts, designated EBER1 & 2, and BHLF1 by in situ hybridization (ISH) using nonisotopically labeled probes. ISH was combined with immunohistology, employing a broad panel of antibodies against B-, T-, epithelial-, macrophage-, and follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-antigens. All EBER-positive cells could be identified as lymphocytes, as they did not exhibit any morphologic or immunologic characteristics of epithelial cells, macrophages, or FDCs. A preferential accumulation of EBER-positive cells was noted around crypts, within surface squamous epithelium, and in the surroundings of necrosis. The majority of these lymphocytes could be shown to be B cells, which morphologically included Reed-Sternberg (RS)-like cells, immunoblasts, medium-sized lymphoid cells, as well as cells with plasmacytoid differentiation. In all cases, a varying number of EBER-positive T cells could be identified. ISH for BHLF1-RNA detection showed that almost all cases contained single positive small lymphoid cells, indicating a transition from latent to productive infection cycle. Such cells could also be detected within the crypt epithelium reaching up to its surface. Additional screening of 123 oropharyngeal mucosa samples from patients without evidence of acute EBV-infection, using the polymerase chain reaction for EBV-DNA detection combined with EBER- and BHLF1-ISH showed single latently infected lymphocytes in only one case. Our data imply that infected lymphocytes and not epithelial cells are, in fact, the reservoir for EBV infection, and that these are the cells that participate in the interindividual virus transfer.

scholarly journals Erratam: Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene promoter variants in pediatric patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. Its comparison with pediatric lymphomas

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1697-1697
Author(s):  
Mario Alejandro Lorenzetti ◽  
Marina Inés Gutiérrez ◽  
Jaime Altcheh ◽  
Guillermo Moscatelli ◽  
Samanta Moroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Bzlf1 Gene ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

scholarly journals Infection of Epstein–Barr Virus in Type III Latency Modulates Biogenesis of Exosomes and the Expression Profile of Exosomal miRNAs in the Burkitt Lymphoma Mutu Cell Lines

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Nanbo ◽  
Harutaka Katano ◽  
Michiyo Kataoka ◽  
Shiho Hoshina ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

Infection of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human gamma herpesvirus, is associated with various malignancies in B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. EBV encodes 49 microRNAs in two separated regions, termed the BART and BHRF1 loci. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that EBV infection regulates the profile of microRNAs in the cells, little is known about the microRNAs in exosomes released from infected cells. Here, we characterized the expression profile of intracellular and exosomal microRNAs in EBV-negative, and two related EBV-infected Burkitt lymphoma cell lines having type I and type III latency by next-generation sequencing. We found that the biogenesis of exosomes is upregulated in type III latently infected cells compared with EBV-negative and type I latently infected cells. We also observed that viral and several specific host microRNAs were predominantly incorporated in the exosomes released from the cells in type III latency. We confirmed that multiple viral microRNAs were transferred to the epithelial cells cocultured with EBV-infected B cells. Our findings indicate that EBV infection, in particular in type III latency, modulates the biogenesis of exosomes and the profile of exosomal microRNAs, potentially contributing to phenotypic changes in cells receiving these exosomes.

scholarly journals Antibodies to gp350/220 Enhance the Ability of Epstein-Barr Virus To Infect Epithelial Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (19) ◽  
pp. 9628-9633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Turk ◽  
Ru Jiang ◽  
Liudmila S. Chesnokova ◽  
Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a persistent, orally transmitted herpesvirus that replicates in B cells and epithelial cells and is associated with lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. The virus binds to CD21 on B cells via glycoprotein gp350/220 and infects efficiently. Infection of cultured epithelial cells has not typically been efficient but can occur in the absence of gp350/220 and CD21 and in vivo is thought to be important to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report here that antibodies to gp350/220, which inhibit EBV infection of B cells, enhance infection of epithelial cells. The effect is not mediated by Fc receptor binding but is further enhanced by antibody cross-linking, which may patch gp350/220 in the virus envelope. Saliva from EBV-seropositive individuals has similar effects that can be reversed by depletion of antibody. The results are consistent with a model in which gp350/220 interferes with the access of other important players to the epithelial cell surface. The results may have implications for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in high-risk populations in which elevated titers of antibody to EBV lytic cycle proteins are prognostic.

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