Enhanced adverse health effects upon in vivo exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seraina Beyeler ◽  
Carlos Wotzkow ◽  
Amanuel Sengal ◽  
Peter Wick ◽  
Stefan Tschanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

scholarly journals Effect of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy on Daytime Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Traveling to Altitude: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Lichtblau ◽  
Tsogyal D. Latshang ◽  
Sayaka S. Aeschbacher ◽  
Fabienne Huber ◽  
Philipp M. Scheiwiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

IntroductionWe investigated whether nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) mitigates the increase of pulmonary artery pressure in patients during daytime with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) traveling to altitude.MethodsPatients with COPD living below 800 m underwent examinations at 490 m and during two sojourns at 2,048 m (with a washout period of 2 weeks < 800 m between altitude sojourns). During nights at altitude, patients received either NOT (3 L/min) or placebo (ambient air 3 L/min) via nasal cannula according to a randomized crossover design. The main outcomes were the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) measured by echocardiography on the second day at altitude (under ambient air) and various other echocardiographic measures of the right and left heart function. Patients fulfilling predefined safety criteria were withdrawn from the study.ResultsTwenty-three COPD patients [70% Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) II/30% GOLD III, mean ± SD age 66 ± 5 years, FEV1 54% ± 13% predicted] were included in the per-protocol analysis. TRPG significantly increased when patients traveled to altitude (from low altitude 21.7 ± 5.2 mmHg to 2,048 m placebo 27.4 ± 7.3 mmHg and 2,048 m NOT 27.8 ± 8.3 mmHg) difference between interventions (mean difference 0.4 mmHg, 95% CI −2.1 to 3.0, p = 0.736). The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was significantly higher after NOT vs. placebo [2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 cm, mean difference (95% confidence interval) 0.3 (0.1 − 0.5) cm, p = 0.005]. During visits to 2,048 m until 24 h after descent, eight patients (26%) using placebo and one (4%) using NOT had to be withdrawn because of altitude-related adverse health effects (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn lowlanders with COPD remaining free of clinically relevant altitude-related adverse health effects, changes in daytime pulmonary hemodynamics during a stay at high altitude were trivial and not modified by NOT.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02150590.

scholarly journals Association between ambient fine particulate matters and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality: an analysis in Southeastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijian Chen ◽  
Qiuli Fu ◽  
Guangming Mao ◽  
Lizhi Wu ◽  
Peiwei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Copd Mortality

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between ambient particulate matters(PMs)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality.Methods: Generalized Additive Mixed Model was employed to investigate the effects of ambient fine and coarse PMs on COPD mortality using 13,066 deaths from 2014 to 2016 among six cities in Zhejiang Province in Southeastern China.Results: The daily average death count due to COPD was 3, varying from 1 to 7among six cities. The daily 24-hour mean concentrations were diverse among cities, from 29.7 to 56.8 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 16.7 to 30.3 µg/m3 for PM2.5−10, and 50.3 to 87.1 µg/m3 for PM10, respectively. The analysis showed that daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with increased mortality due to COPD and that weak effects were observed between PM2.5−10 and COPD mortality.Conclusions: Our results provided evidence that the fine particles in air pollution have stronger functions on adverse health effects other than coarser particles in Southeastern China, which may be considered as a potential clinic target in PM-associated COPD.

In Vivo Thrombin Generation and Platelet Hyperactivity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Platelets ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ferroni ◽  
S. Basili ◽  
F. M. Pulcinelli ◽  
G. Pettirossi ◽  
C. Alessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Chemerin: A Potential Regulator of Inflammation and Metabolism for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Yufan Lu ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Peijun Li ◽  
Zhengrong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) features chronic inflammatory reactions of both intra- and extrapulmonary nature. Moreover, COPD is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in patients, which influences the prognosis and chronicity of this disease. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are also closely related to inflammation processes. Further insights into the interactions of inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism might therefore inspire novel therapeutic interventions to promote lung rehabilitation. Chemerin, as a recently discovered adipokine, has been shown to play a role in inflammatory response and glucose and lipid metabolism in many diseases (including COPD). Chemerin recruits inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation during the early stages of COPD, leading to endothelial barrier dysfunction, early vascular remodeling, and angiogenesis. Moreover, it supports the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells that guide immune cells as part of the body’s inflammatory responses. Chemerin also regulates metabolism via activation of its cognate receptors. Glucose homeostasis is affected via effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity, and lipid metabolism is changed by increased transformation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes through chemerin-binding receptors. Controlling chemerin signaling may be a promising approach to improve various aspects of COPD-related dysfunction. Importantly, several studies indicate that chemerin expression in vivo is influenced by exercise. Although available evidence is still limited, therapeutic alterations of chemerin activity may be a promising target of therapeutic approaches aimed at the rehabilitation of COPD patients based on exercises. In conclusion, chemerin plays an essential role in COPD, especially in the inflammatory responses and metabolism, and has a potential to become a target for, and a biomarker of, curative mechanisms underlying exercise-mediated lung rehabilitation.

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