Breathing pattern and activity of respiratory muscles in different inspiratory resistance devices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Danielle Medeiros da Fonsêca ◽  
Luciana Fontes Silva Da Cunha Lima ◽  
Valéria Soraya De Farias Sales ◽  
Andrea Aliverti ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Freitas Fregonezi
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance

Effects of Interpleural Bupivacaine on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55. ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluis Gallart ◽  
Joaquim Gea ◽  
M. Carmen Aguar ◽  
Joan M. Broquetas ◽  
Margarita M. Puig
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Tension Time ◽  
Airway Conductance

Background Several reports suggest that interpleural local anesthetics may have deleterious effects on respiratory function. The current study investigated the effects of interpleural bupivacaine on human respiratory muscles and lung function. Methods Thirteen patients (55 +/- 4 yr old) with normal respiratory function and scheduled for cholecystectomy entered the study before surgery. Respiratory parameters were compared before and after the interpleural administration of 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine plus 1:200,000 epinephrine while patients were supine; we evaluated breathing pattern, dynamic and static lung volumes, airway conductance, maximal inspiratory pressures (at the mouth; at the esophagus [Pessniff]; at the abdomen [Pgasniff]; and transdiaphragmatic [Pdisniff]), functional reserve (tension-time index) of the diaphragm, and maximal expiratory pressures (at the mouth; at the esophagus [Pescough]; and at the abdomen [Pgacough]). Hemoglobin oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were continuously monitored. Results Respiratory rate (15 +/- 1 to 19 +/- 1 breaths/min; P < 0.01) and heart rate (78 +/- 3 to 83 +/- 3 beats/min; P < 0.01) were slightly increased. Dynamic and static lung volumes, airway conductance, hemoglobin saturation, and the remaining breathing pattern parameters were unchanged. Regarding respiratory muscles, maximal inspiratory pressure at the mouth, Pessniff, and tension-time index of the diaphragm did not change. Pdisniff decreased slightly (102 +/- 10 to 92 +/- 10 cmH2O; P < 0.05) because of a change in Pgasniff (24.2 +/- 7.4 to 18.4 +/- 6.8 cmH2O; P < 0.05). Maximal expiratory pressure at the mouth remained unaltered, but Pgacough decreased (108 +/- 10 to 92 +/- 8 cmH2O; P < 0.01), and Pescough showed a trend to decrease (92 +/- 13 to 78 +/- 10 cmH2O; P = 0.074). Conclusions In our experimental conditions, interpleural bupivacaine did not significantly change lung function or inspiratory muscle strength but induced a slight decrease in abdominal muscle strength. Although this effect was minimal, its clinical relevance needs to be evaluated further in patients with impaired respiratory function.

Oxygen cost of increasing tidal volume and diaphragm flattening in obstructive pulmonary disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2750-2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Pitcher ◽  
H. S. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Shallow Breathing

Hypercapnia is associated with a shallow breathing pattern in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to determine the oxygen cost of increasing tidal volume and to relate this to hypercapnia [arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) > or = 45 Torr] and diaphragm flattening. We studied 3 normal subjects and 12 patients with stable but comparably severe COPD (forced expired volume in 1 s 1.01 +/- 0.09 liters) who had baseline PaCO2 ranging from 36 to 56 Torr. Oxygen consumption was measured during the subject's native breathing pattern and then while tidal volume was increased by 20%; minute ventilation was held constant by proportionately slowing frequency. There was a significant oxygen cost of increasing tidal volume for hypercapnic patients (235 +/- 23 to 260 +/- 25 ml O2/min; P = 0.002); no significant oxygen cost was observed in normal or eucapnic patients. This oxygen cost was positively correlated to baseline PaCO2 (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001) and degree of diaphragm flattening assessed from chest radiographs (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.05). Although others have shown that force generation is preserved during chronic hyperinflation (G. A. Farkas and C. Roussos. J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 1635–1640, 1983; T. Similowski et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 325: 917–923, 1991), we conclude that diaphragm flattening produces mechanical inefficiency that may contribute to limiting the effective operating range of the respiratory muscles during tidal breathing.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Inspiratory Loads and Interfaces on Breathing Pattern and Activity of Respiratory Muscles in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Danielle Medeiros da Fonsêca ◽  
Vanessa Regiane Resqueti ◽  
Kadja Benício ◽  
Guilherme Fregonezi ◽  
Andrea Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Acute Effects

Influence of lung volume on oxygen cost of resistive breathing

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Collett ◽  
L. A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Residual Capacity

We examined the relationship between the O2 cost of breathing (VO2 resp) and lung volume at constant load, ventilation, work rate, and pressure-time product in five trained normal subjects breathing through an inspiratory resistance at functional residual capacity (FRC) and when lung volume (VL) was increased to 37 +/- 2% (mean +/- SE) of inspiratory capacity (high VL). High VL was maintained using continuous positive airway pressure of 9 +/- 2 cmH2O and with the subjects coached to relax during expiration to minimize respiratory muscle activity. Six paired runs were performed in each subject at constant tidal volume (0.62 +/- 0.2 liters), frequency (23 +/- 1 breaths/min), inspiratory flow rate (0.45 +/- 0.1 l/s), and inspiratory muscle pressure (45 +/- 2% of maximum static pressure at FRC). VO2 resp increased from 109 +/- 15 ml/min at FRC by 41 +/- 11% at high VL (P less than 0.05). Thus the efficiency of breathing at high VL (3.9 +/- 0.2%) was less than that at FRC (5.2 +/- 0.3%, P less than 0.01). The decrease in inspiratory muscle efficiency at high VL may be due to changes in mechanical coupling, in the pattern of recruitment of the respiratory muscles, or in the intrinsic properties of the inspiratory muscles at shorter length. When the work of breathing at high VL was normalized for the decrease in maximum inspiratory muscle pressure with VL, efficiency at high VL (5.2 +/- 0.3%) did not differ from that at FRC (P less than 0.7), suggesting that the fall in efficiency may have been related to the fall in inspiratory muscle strength. During acute hyperinflation the decreased efficiency contributes to the increased O2 cost of breathing and may contribute to the diminished inspiratory muscle endurance.

Voluntary Control of Breathing Pattern in Asthmatic Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1384-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Blanc-Gras ◽  
Gila Benchetrit ◽  
Jorge Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Target Pattern ◽  
Video Screen ◽  
Asthmatic Children

15 asthmatic children and 15 healthy children were trained to adjust their breathing pattern to a target pattern displayed on a video screen by using visual feedback. The error scores in the two groups were not significantly different. These data did not support the hypothesis that voluntary control of respiratory muscles is impaired in asthmatics.

Effect of diaphragmatic fatigue on control of respiratory muscles and ventilation during CO2 rebreathing

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yan ◽  
I. Lichros ◽  
S. Zakynthinos ◽  
P. T. Macklem
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Gastric Pressure ◽  
Diaphragmatic Fatigue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
End Tidal

We studied the influence of diaphragmatic fatigue on the control of ventilation and respiratory muscle contribution to pressure swings in six normal seated subjects. CO2 was rebreathed before and after diaphragmatic fatigue induced by breathing against an inspiratory resistance requiring 60% maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure with each breath until exhaustion. After diaphragmatic fatigue for a given level of end-tidal PCO2, we found that tidal volume, breathing frequency, minute ventilation, duty cycle, and mean inspiratory flow did not change; esophageal pressure swings were the same, but gastric and transdiaphragmatic pressure swings were decreased; and the slope of the transpulmonary pressure-gastric pressure relationship determined at zero flow points at end expiration and end inspiration was increased. End-expiratory transpulmonary pressure progressively decreased and end-expiratory gastric pressure progressively increased with increasing end-tidal PCO2 by the same magnitude before and after diaphragmatic fatigue. We conclude that diaphragmatic fatigue induces proportionately greater contributions of inspiratory rib cage muscles than of the diaphragm, which results in the preservation of ventilatory response to CO2 despite impaired diaphragmatic contractility.

Acute effects of inspiratory threshold load and interface on breathing pattern and activity of respiratory muscles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Danielle Medeiros da Fonsêca ◽  
Vanessa Regiane Resqueti ◽  
Antônio José Sarmento Da Nobrega ◽  
Luciana Fontes Silva Da Cunha Lima ◽  
Valéria Soraya Farias Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Acute Effects
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