Management of ocular tuberculosis(OTB): The role of CT and Positron Emission Tomography(PET) imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavina Manalan ◽  
Ilaria Testi ◽  
Bhavini Dixit ◽  
Yorissa Payadachee ◽  
Charanjit Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Positron Emission

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Positive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Pre-Transplant Had No Impact On Relapse and Survival After Allogenenic Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1999-1999
Author(s):  
Veronika Bachanova ◽  
Celalettin Ustun ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Froelich Jerry ◽  
Linda J Burns
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Abstract 1999 Allogeneic donor hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is increasingly used for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a standard for lymphoma evaluation and a valuable prognostic tool to risk-stratify treatment and time of the autologous HCT. Role of PET imaging in allogeneic HCT setting is controversial. We sought to investigate the value of PET status pre-transplantation and at day 100 post donor HCT as an indicator predictive of relapse and survival post allograft. Seventy-three patients (median age 50 years [range 2–69 years]) with NHL received allogeneic HCT at University of Minnesota from 2004–2010 and had PET imaging within 4 weeks pre-transplant. All PET and CT images were reviewed centrally by nuclear medicine radiologist. Follicular lymphoma (n=26) was more common than large cell, mantle cell lymphoma and others. PET scan pre-transplant was positive in 44 patients (PET+ group 57% vs PET- group 43%). Two thirds of PET+ group were in partial remission (PR), 7% CR and 16% were chemo-refractory prior to transplant compared to 25% in PR, 68% in CR and 7% refractory in PET+ cohort (p<0.01). Forty percent had PET-avid extra-nodal involvement. In both PET positive and negative groups the two thirds received reduced intensity conditioning and related donor (52% and 51%) or umbilical cord blood grafts (55% and 41%, respectively). 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the cohort was 51% (95%CI 35– 64%) and 60% (95%CI 44–73%). DFS and OS of PET+ group was similar to PET- group (DFS: 50% vs 52%, p=0.31; OS: 63% vs 56%, p=0.63). In univariate analysis, the lymphoma subtype, disease status at transplant, extranodal disease, elevated LDH, high B2 macroglobulin or marrow involvement at the time of transplant had no impact on survival or relapse rate. At median follow-up of 3.33 years (range 1.00–6.74) the cumulative 2 year relapse rate was 17%; similar in PET+ and PET- groups (19% [95% CI 7– 31%] vs 15% [95% CI 1– 28%]; p=0.48). Transplant mortality at 1-year was low for entire cohort (11% [95% CI 3–18%]) and particularly low in follicular lymphoma (4% [95%CI 0–10%]) compared to DL/MCL (10% [95%CI 0–21%]) and other NHL (25% [95%CI 4–46%]; p=0.51). PET status (pos vs neg) had no impact on grade III-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD. Fifty-four patients with available surveillance PET evaluation at day 100 post-transplant. The 1-year relapse rate and 5 yr DFS was significantly improved for those patient who were PET-negative (day 100 PET- vs PET+ group: relapse 9% vs 42%; p<0.01; DFS 57% vs 25%, p<0.01 and OS 68% vs 59%, p=0.63). In conclusion, pre-allo HCT PET scan for NHL does not predict transplant outcomes, however negative PET scan 100 days post-allo SCT is a valuable tool predictive of superior transplant DFS. Future studies evaluating role of PET in patients with specific lymphoma subsets and development of novel peri-transplant or post-transplant interventions for patients at high relapse risk are warranted. Disclosures: Off Label Use: decitabine for relapsed ALL vorinostat for relapsed ALL.

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Meningioma in Clinical Practice

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frederick Cornelius ◽  
Karl Josef Langen ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
Daniel Hänggi ◽  
Michael Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Meningiomas represent about 20% of intracranial tumors and are the most frequent nonglial primary brain tumors. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mainstays of therapy are surgery and radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is tested in clinical trials of phase II. Patients are followed clinically by imaging. However, classical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have limitations. Hence, we need supplementary imaging tools. Molecular imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography (PET), represent promising new instruments that are able to characterize specific metabolic features. So far, these modalities have only been part of limited study protocols, and their impact on clinical routine management is still under investigation. It may be expected that their extended use will provide new aspects about meningioma imaging and biology. In the present article, we summarize PET imaging for meningiomas based on a thorough review of the literature. We discuss and illustrate the potential role of PET imaging in the clinical management of meningiomas. Finally, we indicate current limitations and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals A New Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Orexin Receptors Neuroimaging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Bai ◽  
Sha Bai ◽  
Michael S. Placzek ◽  
Xiaoxia Lu ◽  
Stephanie A. Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Positron Emission Tomography

The orexin receptor (OX) is critically involved in motivation and sleep−wake regulation and holds promising therapeutic potential in various mood disorders. To further investigate the role of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the living human brain and to evaluate the treatment potential of orexin-targeting therapeutics, we herein report a novel PET probe ([11C]CW24) for OXRs in the brain. CW24 has moderate binding affinity for OXRs (IC50 = 0.253 μM and 1.406 μM for OX1R and OX2R, respectively) and shows good selectivity to OXRs over 40 other central nervous system (CNS) targets. [11C]CW24 has high brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suitable metabolic stability, and appropriate distribution and pharmacokinetics for brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [11C]CW24 warrants further evaluation as a PET imaging probe of OXRs in the brain.

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Dementia: The Emerging Role of Positron Emission Tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842199703
Author(s):  
Shailendra Mohan Tripathi ◽  
Alison D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for approximately 50% to 80% of all cases of dementia. The diagnosis of probable AD is based on clinical criteria and overlapping clinical features pose a challenge to accurate diagnosis. However, neuroimaging has been included as a biomarker in various published criteria for the diagnosis of probable AD, in the absence of a confirmatory diagnostic test during life. Advances in neuroimaging techniques and their inclusion in diagnostic and research criteria for the diagnosis of AD includes the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a biomarker in various therapeutic and prognostic studies in AD. The development and application of a range of PET tracers will allow more detailed assessment of people with AD and will improve diagnostic specificity and targeted therapy of AD. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence on PET imaging using the non-specific tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and specific tracers that target amyloid and tau pathology in people with AD.

Usefulness of positron emission tomography for differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takei ◽  
Jun Shinoda ◽  
Soko Ikuta ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEPositron emission tomography (PET) is important in the noninvasive diagnostic imaging of gliomas. There are many PET studies on glioma diagnosis based on the 2007 WHO classification; however, there are no studies on glioma diagnosis using the new classification (the 2016 WHO classification). Here, the authors investigated the relationship between uptake of 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline (CHO), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on PET imaging and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status (wild-type [IDH-wt] or mutant [IDH-mut]) in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO classification.METHODSIn total, 105 patients with newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas (6 diffuse astrocytomas [DAs] with IDH-wt, 6 DAs with IDH-mut, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas [AAs] with IDH-wt, 24 AAs with IDH-mut, 26 glioblastomas [GBMs] with IDH-wt, 5 GBMs with IDH-mut, 19 oligodendrogliomas [ODs], and 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [AOs]) were included. All OD and AO patients had both IDH-mut and 1p/19q codeletion. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor/mean SUV of normal cortex (T/N) ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG were calculated, and the mean T/N ratios of DA, AA, and GBM with IDH-wt and IDH-mut were compared. The diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing gliomas with IDH-wt from those with IDH-mut was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean T/N ratios for the 3 PET tracers.RESULTSThere were significant differences in the mean T/N ratios for all 3 PET tracers between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups of all histological classifications (p < 0.001). Among the 27 gliomas with mean T/N ratios higher than the cutoff values for all 3 PET tracers, 23 (85.2%) were classified into the IDH-wt group using ROC analysis. In DA, there were no significant differences in the T/N ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups. In AA, the mean T/N ratios of all 3 PET tracers in the IDH-wt group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-mut group (p < 0.01). In GBM, the mean T/N ratio in the IDH-wt group was significantly higher than that in the IDH-mut group for both MET (p = 0.034) and CHO (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio for FDG.CONCLUSIONSPET imaging using MET, CHO, and FDG was suggested to be informative for preoperatively differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification, particularly for differentiating IDH-wt and IDH-mut tumors.

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