scholarly journals Moulds and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are relevant allergens to affect Type 2 inflammation and clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00265-2020
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kanemitsu ◽  
Kensuke Fukumitsu ◽  
Ryota Kurokawa ◽  
Norihisa Takeda ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

BackgroundSensitisation to moulds and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) is associated with the pathophysiology of both asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of sensitisation to these allergens to Type 2 inflammation in the blood, nose and the lower airways, and clinical outcomes in CRS patients.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 56 CRS patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) (20 with comorbid asthma) and 28 healthy controls between October 2015 and December 2017. CRS patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery. Type 2 inflammation-related biomarkers were analysed using blood, resected tissue samples and sputum. 10 allergens including Alternaria, Aspergillus and SEs were measured. Type 2 inflammation-related biomarkers and clinical outcomes were compared in the stratification with the presence or absence of allergen sensitisation.ResultsSensitisation rate to moulds and SEs in asthmatic patients was increased when changing the cut-off value of specific IgE titre from 0.35 UA·mL−1 to 0.10 UA·mL−1 (1.7- and 4.5-fold, respectively). Moulds and SEs affected the prevalence of asthma and eosinophilic CRS by interacting with each other. All Type 2 inflammation-related biomarkers except for eosinophils in sinus tissue were significantly higher in patients with mould or SE (mould/SE) sensitisation (≥0.10 UA·mL−1) (n=19) than in those without (n=37) and healthy subjects (all p<0.05). Meanwhile, mould/SE sensitisation did not affect longitudinal changes in clinical outcomes after ESS. Changes in serum mould/SE-IgE levels after ESS remained unclear.ConclusionMould/SE sensitisation (≥0.10 UA·mL−1) may affect the development of Type 2 inflammation and clinical outcomes in CRS patients.

scholarly journals Serum levels of specific IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1523-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN-YAN CUI ◽  
JIAN-LIANG MIAO ◽  
HAN-QIANG LU ◽  
QIN-HONG QI ◽  
XI CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins

Identifying Intracellular Staphylococcus Aureus in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Direct Comparison of Techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C.-W. Tan ◽  
Hai Bac Tran ◽  
Andrew Foreman ◽  
Camille Jardeleza ◽  
Sarah Vreugde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background The emerging concept of intracellular pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus playing a role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has led to the development of numerous imaging techniques for their identification. Traditional methods of bacterial culture are not effective at localizing bacteria to the surface or within tissue samples. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel imaging technique using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) coupled with a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe and nucleic acid counterstain (propidium iodide [PI]) that allows for simultaneous analysis of S. aureus intracellular status and surface biofilm within whole mucosal samples. Methods A prospective study was performed including 17 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS. Tissue samples were analyzed with both CSLM-FISH/PI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for intracellular S. aureus status. Results Using CSLM-FISH/PI intracellular S. aureus was identified in 9/17 (47%) patients and in 7/17 (39%) using IHC. Surface biofilm can be identified with CSLM-FISH/PI in the same piece of tissue; however, deeper imaging to the submucosa is impossible. IHC showed submucosal bacteria in three patients. Conclusion Both CSLM-FISH/PI and IHC are complementary techniques that can be used to identify intracellular S. aureus. CSLM-FISH/PI allows for the simultaneous detection of intracellular status and surface biofilm within the tissue analyzed. IHC has a role in the identification of intracellular and submucosal S. aureus within these tissues. Additional investigation is required to identify the true pathogenic nature of intracellular organisms as well as any relationship to surface biofilm status.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of TFF1 and TFF3 in Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Mihalj ◽  
Maro Bujak ◽  
Josip Butković ◽  
Željko Zubčić ◽  
Maja Tolušić Levak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nasal Turbinate ◽  
Family Factor ◽  
Nasal Septoplasty ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Trefoil family factor (TFF) proteins contribute to antimicrobial defense and the maintenance of sinonasal epithelial barrier integrity. Dysregulation of TFF expression may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling characteristically found in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Expressions of TFF1 and TFF3 were determined in specimens of middle nasal turbinate (MNT-0), bulla ethmoidalis (BE), and nasal polyps (NP) from CRSwNP patients (n = 29) and inferior nasal turbinate from a group of control patients (underwent nasal septoplasty, n = 25). An additional MNT sample was collected 6 months after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS, MNT-6). TFF1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in all specimens by approximately three- to five-fold, while TFF3 was increased in MNT-0, as compared with controls. Six months after surgery their levels were reversed to control values. CRSwNP patients with S. epidermidis isolated from sinus swabs showed upregulation of TFF3 in MNT and NP as compared with patients with sterile swabs. Target gene regulation was not affected by the presence of type 2 inflammation in patients with confirmed allergy. Results of this study imply participation of TFFs genes in the development of CRSwNP.

scholarly journals Rectal Staphylococcus aureus Carriage and Recurrence After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110197
Author(s):  
Yue Peng ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Zhijian Yu ◽  
Aiwu Lu ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model

Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) remains a major challenge due to its high recurrence rate after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We aimed to investigate the risk factors of recurrence among patients who underwent ESS for Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: Prospective cohort study including 391 cases in a single institution receiving ESS were included for analysis from 2014 and 2017. Baseline characteristics including rectal Staphylococcus aureus ( S aureus) carriage in patients receiving ESS for CRSwNPs. The primary outcome was the recurrence of CRSwNPs. Multivariate regression model was established to identify independently predictive factors for recurrence. Results: Overall, 142 (36.3%) cases with recurrence within 2 years after ESS were observed in this study. After variable selection, multivariate regression model consisted of 4 variables including asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.41; P < .001), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug allergy (OR = 2.27; P = .005), previous ESS (OR = 3.64; P < .001), and preoperative carriage of S aureus in rectum (OR = 2.34; P = .001). Conclusions: Based on our results, surgeons could predict certain groups of patients who are at high risk for recurrence after ESS. Rectal carriage of S aureus is more statistically related to the recurrence of CRSwNP after ESS compared with skin and nasal carriage.

Biological therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Zuzana Balatková ◽  
Zdeněk Knížek ◽  
Jan Vodička ◽  
Jan Plzák
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Intranasal Steroids

The aim of this paper is to present an up-to-date information about therapeutical options in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. First choice therapy is a long term regular application of intranasal steroids in combination with salinic solution douches. If this treatment is not eff ective enough, then the pulses of systemic steroids are indicated. If the sufficient control of the disease is not achieved, then surgery is a therapeutic choice; it means functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the extent corresponding to the extension of the sinus disease. However, there remains a certain group of patients in whom the results with this treatment are not optimal. The type 2 immunopathological response affects relevantly the course of the disease. Nowadays, the research is done in this field. Specific agents, which are able to block circulating inflammatory mediators or bind receptors for these mediators are developed and studied. The results of the studies having been completed by now are promising. Keywords: biological therapy – chronic rhinosinusitis – nasal polyps – dupilumab – immunoglobulin E – interleukin

P505 DUPILUMAB EFFECT ON TYPE 2 INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS AND NSAID-ERD

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
A. White ◽  
S. Fujieda ◽  
T. Takabayashi ◽  
N. Daizadeh ◽  
Y. Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus on Sinus Culture Is Associated With Recurrence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Maniakas ◽  
Marc-Henri Asmar ◽  
Axel E. Renteria Flores ◽  
Smriti Nayan ◽  
Saud Alromaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery

scholarly journals Staphylococcus lentus Sinusitis: A New Sinonasal Pathogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. NP62-NP63
Author(s):  
Casey Y. Hay ◽  
David A. Sherris
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

Background: The pathogens most commonly associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis include Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The pathogens most commonly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis include Staphylococcus aureus and various anaerobic organisms, including Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This case report illustrates a case of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with the Staphylococcus lentus organism, a well-known animal pathogen that has never been documented in the sinonasal cavity before. Methods: The medical records of an adult patient who presented to the otolaryngology office were reviewed. The literature available was reviewed. Results: A 62-year-old man presented with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical management. He was taken to the operating room for functional endoscopic sinus surgery and cultures were obtained, which returned positive for Staphylococcus lentus. He had no known animal contacts at home or work. He improved with surgery and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Staphylococcus lentus has never before been reported as a human pathogen in the sinonasal cavities. Otolaryngologists must routinely obtain cultures of mucus or tissue during sinus surgery in order to ensure appropriate antibiotic treatment after surgery and resolution of patient symptoms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Bioengineered Honey and Its Synthetic Equivalent as Novel Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm-Targeted Topical Therapies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionyssia Papadopoulou ◽  
Alicja Dabrowska ◽  
Philip G. Harries ◽  
Jeremy S. Webb ◽  
Raymond N. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition which affects the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide and has a significant impact on health-care resources. While Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilms play an important role in this disease, antimicrobial therapy is rarely effective and may promote antibiotic resistance. Thus, development of novel biofilm-targeting and antibiotic-sparing therapies is highly desirable and urgently required. Objective This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a novel synthetic honey-equivalent product which was designed to have the same reactive oxygen release profile as the engineered honey SurgihoneyRO™. Methods Treatment efficacy was investigated by assessment of planktonic growth, biofilm viability, thickness, and biomass using 12 CRS-related S. aureus mucosal bacterial strains. Results Both SurgihoneyRO™ and the synthetic honey-equivalent product inhibited growth of planktonic methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains, with the synthetic honey-equivalent product exhibiting a lower minimum inhibitory concentration. Treatment of established S. aureus biofilms reduced biofilm viability with 24-hour treatment resulting in a 2-log reduction in viability of biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant strains and a 1-log reduction in biofilms formed by methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusions This preliminary study shows that the synthetic honey-equivalent product provides marked antimicrobial activity against S. aureus biofilms, with the potential for development in the clinical setting as an adjunctive biofilm-targeted therapy in CRS. The ultimate aim of such a product would be to reduce the need for antibiotics, steroids, and invasive surgical procedures in CRS patients as well as improving clinical outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.

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