scholarly journals A highly polymorphic insertion in the Y-chromosome amelogenin gene can be used for evolutionary biology, population genetics and sexing in Cetacea and Artiodactyla

BMC Genetics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Macé ◽  
Brigitte Crouau-Roy
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Amelogenin Gene ◽  
Polymorphic Insertion

A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Molecular Population Genetics ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
And Mathematics

A Primer of Population Genetics and Genomics, 4th edition, has been completely revised and updated to provide a concise but comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of population genetics and genomics. Recent textbooks have tended to focus on such specialized topics as the coalescent, molecular evolution, human population genetics, or genomics. This primer bucks that trend by encouraging a broader familiarity with, and understanding of, population genetics and genomics as a whole. The overview ranges from mating systems through the causes of evolution, molecular population genetics, and the genomics of complex traits. Interwoven are discussions of ancient DNA, gene drive, landscape genetics, identifying risk factors for complex diseases, the genomics of adaptation and speciation, and other active areas of research. The principles are illuminated by numerous examples from a wide variety of animals, plants, microbes, and human populations. The approach also emphasizes learning by doing, which in this case means solving numerical or conceptual problems. The rationale behind this is that the use of concepts in problem-solving lead to deeper understanding and longer knowledge retention. This accessible, introductory textbook is aimed principally at students of various levels and abilities (from senior undergraduate to postgraduate) as well as practising scientists in the fields of population genetics, ecology, evolutionary biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics, physics, and mathematics.

Population Genetics of Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats in Humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pérez-Lezaun ◽  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
Mark Seielstad ◽  
Eva Mateu ◽  
David Comas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Short Tandem Repeats ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Short Tandem

Minimalist Biological Race

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Hardimon
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Biological Race

The minimalist concept of race represents the barest characterization of the ordinary concept race possible. Minimalist races are groups of human beings distinguished by patterns of visible physical features, groups whose members are linked by a common ancestry peculiar to members of the group, and which originate from a distinctive geographic location. Minimalist races exist because there are existing human groups that satisfy the minimalist concept of race. Their existence is not precluded by the findings of population genetics. Appeal to contemporary studies in evolutionary biology and population genetics makes it possible to rebut the objection that minimalist races do not exist because they are not genetically distinct.

Historical Origins

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
J. Arvid Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Living World ◽  
Selfish Gene ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
The Way

This chapter traces the origins of the gene’s-eye view through three sections of evolutionary biology. The first is adaptationism, the tradition that takes the appearance of design in living world to be the cardinal problem a theory of evolution needs to explain. The chapter shows how this view has been especially prominent in British biology, owing the strong standing of natural theology and the writings of William Paley. The second is the emergence of population genetics during the modern synthesis. Here, the work of R.A. Fisher was particularly important. The third and final section was the levels selection debate and the rejection of group selection. G.C. Williams led the way the way and the origin of the gene’s-eye view culminated with the publication of The Selfish Gene.

Evolution: medicine’s most basic science

2010 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse ◽  
Richard Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Methods

The role of evolutionary biology as a basic science for medicine has been expanding rapidly. Some evolutionary methods are already widely applied in medicine, such as population genetics and methods for analysing phylogenetic trees. Newer applications come from seeking evolutionary as well as proximate explanations for disease. ...

Evolution: Medicine’s most basic science

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Nesse ◽  
Richard Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

The role of evolutionary biology as a basic science for medicine is expanding rapidly. Some evolutionary methods are already widely applied in medicine, such as population genetics and methods for analysing phylogenetic trees. Newer applications come from seeking evolutionary as well as proximate explanations for disease. Traditional medical research is restricted to proximate studies of the body’s mechanism, but separate evolutionary explanations are needed for why natural selection has left many aspects of the body vulnerable to disease. There are six main possibilities: mismatch, infection, constraints, trade-offs, reproduction at the cost of health, and adaptive defences. Like other basic sciences, evolutionary biology has limited direct clinical implications, but it provides essential research methods, encourages asking new questions that foster a deeper understanding of disease, and provides a framework that organizes the facts of medicine.

scholarly journals Sewall Wright, 21 December 1889 - 3 March 1988

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Shifting Balance Theory ◽  
Sewall Wright ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
Active Research

Sewall Wright's active life spanned the development of genetics from a new discipline when the principles of inheritance were still being elucidated to the technology of recombinant gene construction and insertion. He was one of the major pioneers of population genetics, which gave a quantitative basis to the studies of evolution, of variation in natural populations and of animal and plant breeding. He contributed most significantly to methods and ideas over a long period, indeed his four volume treatise was written long after he formally ‘retired’ and his last paper (211) was published a few days before his death at the age of 98. In the field of population genetics Wright developed the method of path coefficients, which he used to analyse quantitative genetic variation and relationship, but which has been applied to subjects as diverse as economics, the ideas of inbreeding coefficient and F -statistics which form the basis of analysis of population structure, the theory of variation in gene frequency among populations, and the shifting balance theory of evolution, which remains a topic of active research and controversy. Wright contributed to physiological genetics, notably analysis of the inheritance of coat colour in the guinea pig, and in particular the epistatic relationships among the genes involved. There was a critical interplay between his population and physiological work, in that the analysis of finite populations on the one hand and of epistatic interactions on the other are the bases of Wright’s development of the shifting balance theory. A full and enlightening biography of Sewall Wright which traces his influence on evolutionary biology and his interactions with other important workers was published recently (Provine 1986) and shorter appreciations have appeared since his death, notably by Crow (1988), Wright’s long-time colleague. This biography relies heavily on Provine’s volume, and does no more than summarize Wright’s extensive contributions. Many of his important papers have been reprinted recently (1986).

scholarly journals The Y Chromosome: A Complex Locus for Genetic Analyses of Complex Human Traits

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Katherine Parker ◽  
A. Mesut Erzurumluoglu ◽  
Santiago Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Complex Human Traits ◽  
Human Complex ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

The Human Y chromosome (ChrY) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for phylogenetics, population genetics, genetic genealogy and forensics. However, the importance of ChrY genetic variation in relation to human complex traits is less clear. In this review, we summarise existing evidence about the inherent complexities of ChrY variation and their use in association studies of human complex traits. We present and discuss the specific particularities of ChrY genetic variation, including Y chromosomal haplogroups, that need to be considered in the design and interpretation of genetic epidemiological studies involving ChrY.

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