Arabidopsis genes, AtNPR1, AtTGA2 and AtPR-5, confer partial resistance to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) when overexpressed in transgenic soybean roots

Summary The aim of this study was to examine the impact of water extracts of Narcissus tazetta bulb on hatching, behaviour and mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2) and reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) in laboratory and glasshouse assays. Results demonstrated that N. tazetta bulb extracts did not affect hatching but significantly reduced J2 motility and nematode attraction to the soybean root tip, and resulted in considerable nematode mortality relative to the control. J2 exposure to different concentrations of bulb extracts caused 59-93% reduction in nematode reproduction on soybean roots. Compared with the monoculture control, soybean-N. tazetta intercropping in a pot trial reduced SCN reproduction by 37%. In addition, N. tazetta bulb powder as a soil amendment is effective in controlling SCN reproduction. Thus, the results suggest that N. tazetta bulb extract or derived active compounds may be considered as potential natural nematicides against SCN.

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Fluorescent Soybean Hairy Root Construction and Its Application in the Soybean—Nematode Interaction: An Investigation

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10121353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1353

Author(s):

Ruowei Yang ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Xiaowen Yang ◽

Xiaofeng Zhu ◽

Haiyan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Transformation ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Functional Genes ◽

Transgenic Soybean ◽

Soybean Transformation ◽

Gene Functions ◽

Additional Resistance

Background: The yield of soybean is limited by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines). Soybean transformation plays a key role in gene function research but the stable genetic transformation of soybean usually takes half a year. Methods: Here, we constructed a vector, pNI-GmUbi, in an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated soybean hypocotyl transformation to induce fluorescent hairy roots (FHRs). Results: We describe the operation of FHR-SCN, a fast, efficient and visual operation pathosystem to study the gene functions in the soybean-SCN interaction. With this method, FHRs were detected after 25 days in 4 cultivars (Williams 82, Zhonghuang 13, Huipizhiheidou and Peking) and at least 66.67% of the composite plants could be used to inoculate SCNs. The demographics of the SCN could be started 12 days post-SCN inoculation. Further, GmHS1pro-1 was overexpressed in the FHRs and GmHS1pro-1 provided an additional resistance in Williams 82. In addition, we found that jasmonic acid and JA-Ile increased in the transgenic soybean, implying that the resistance was mainly caused by affecting the content of JA and JA-Ile. Conclusions: In this study, we established a pathosystem, FHR-SCN, to verify the functional genes in soybeans and the SCN interaction. We also verified that GmHS1pro-1 provides additional resistance in both FHRs and transgenic soybeans, and the resistance may be caused by an increase in JA and JA-Ile contents.

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Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines, Infection Assay Using Soybean Roots

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽

10.21769/bioprotoc.1707 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Matthews ◽

Reham Youssef

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Infection Assay ◽

Soybean Roots

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GeneChip profiling of transcriptional responses to soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, colonization of soybean roots

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erm211 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 3407-3418 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

David P. Puthoff ◽

Mindy L. Ehrenfried ◽

Bryan T. Vinyard ◽

Mark L. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Soybean Roots

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Transgenic soybean overexpressing Gm SAMT 1 exhibits resistance to multiple‐ HG types of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Plant Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1111/pbi.12566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2100-2109 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jingyu Lin ◽

Mitra Mazarei ◽

Nan Zhao ◽

Catherine N. Hatcher ◽

Wegi A. Wuddineh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Transgenic Soybean

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Temporal-spatial population density of Heterodera glycines in soybean roots during the early growth stage

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x500091 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhenhua Wang ◽

Haiyan Wu ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Xiuxia Li

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Soybean Roots

AbstractPrevious research found that the population density of Heterodera glycines in soybean fields fluctuated during the growth of soybeans. However, the population density in soybean root was unclear. In this study, the dynamics of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines, race 4) in soybean roots were investigated over a period of 2 years. Soybean plant roots were sampled during a period of 7-37 days after seedling emergence, and SCN in taproots and lateral root were counted. The results indicated that the total population density of nematodes increased with the growth of soybean roots, showing a sigmoid curve. A comparison of nematode density between taproots and lateral roots showed a decrease in the numbers of nematodes in taproots and an increase in the numbers in lateral roots with increasing age of the plants. There was an overall decrease in nematode numbers with increasing soil depth. Our results show that most of the nematodes were found in roots from 5-15 cm soil depths (2006, 81.3-91.4%; 2007, 86.6-97.6%) during the soybean seedling growth stage, which may provide some useful information for integrated management of soybean cyst nematode.

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Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Leonardo F. Rocha ◽

Karla L. Gage ◽

Mirian F. Pimentel ◽

Jason P. Bond ◽

Ahmad M. Fakhoury

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Weed Species ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

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