scholarly journals Predicting the impact of insecticide-treated bed nets on malaria transmission: the devil is in the detail

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Gu ◽  
Robert J Novak
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Devil

scholarly journals Analysis of a malaria model with mosquito host choice and bed-net control

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Buonomo
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Host Manipulation ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Malaria Model ◽  
Disease Free

A malaria model is formulated which includes the enhanced attractiveness of infectious humans to mosquitoes, as result of host manipulation by malaria parasite, and the human behavior, represented by insecticide-treated bed-nets usage. The occurrence of a backward bifurcation at R0 = 1 is shown to be possible, which implies that multiple endemic equilibria co-exist with a stable disease-free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. This phenomenon is found to be caused by disease-induced human mortality. The global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium for R0 > 1 is proved, by using the geometric method for global stability. Therefore, the disease becomes endemic for R0 > 1 regardless of the number of initial cases in both the human and vector populations. Finally, the impact on system dynamics of vector's host preferences and bed-net usage behavior is investigated.

scholarly journals Emerging properties of malaria transmission and persistence in urban Accra, Ghana: Evidence from a participatory system approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merveille Koissi Koissi Savi ◽  
Daniel Callo-Concha ◽  
Henri E.Z. Tonnang ◽  
Christian Borgemeister
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Leverage Points ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets

Abstract Several studies that aim to enhance the understanding of malaria transmission and persistence in urban settings failed to address its underlining complexity. We aim at doing that by applying a qualitative and participatory-based system analysis and mapping to elicit the system’s emergent properties. In two experts’ workshops, we sketched and refined the system, which was represented through a causal loop diagram, where the identification of leverage points was done using network analysis. We found 45 determinants interplaying through 56 linkages, and identified three subsystems: urbanization-related transmission, infection-prone behavior and healthcare efficiency, and Plasmodium resistance. Apart from the number of breeding sites and malaria positive cases, other determinants such as drug prescription and the awareness of householders were identified by the network analysis as leverage points and emergent properties of the system of transmission and persistence of malaria. Based on our findings, we suggest that ongoing efforts to control malaria, such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and larvicide applications should continue, and include new ones focusing on the public awareness and malaria literacy of city dwellers. We found that our participatory approach strengthened the legitimacy of the recommendations and the co-learning of participants.

scholarly journals Control measures of malaria transmission in Rwanda based on SEIR SEI mathematical model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Hakizimana ◽  
Jean Marie Ntaganda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Optimal Control Problems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
Malaria Model

This research paper investigated the dynamics of malaria transmission in Rwanda using the nonlinear forces of infections which are included in SEIR-SEI mathematical model for human and mosquito populations. The mathematical modeling of malaria studies the interaction among the human and mosquito populations in controlling malaria transmission and eventually eliminating malaria infection. This work investigates the optimal control strategies for minimizing the rate of malaria transmission by applying three control variables through Caputo fractional derivative. The optimal control problems for malaria model found the control parameters which minimize infection. The numerical simulation showed that the number of exposed and infected people and mosquito population are decreased due to the control strategies. Finally, this work found out that the transmission of malaria in Rwanda can be minimized by using the combination of controls like Insecticide Treated bed Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs).

scholarly journals Push by a net, pull by a cow: can zooprophylaxis enhance the impact of insecticide treated bed nets on malaria control?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanako Iwashita ◽  
Gabriel O Dida ◽  
George O Sonye ◽  
Toshihiko Sunahara ◽  
Kyoko Futami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Mass Media Campaign on the Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ankomah ◽  
S. B. Adebayo ◽  
E. D. Arogundade ◽  
J. Anyanti ◽  
E. Nwokolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

Background. Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria especially in malaria-endemic areas. It increases the risk of low birth weight and child/maternal morbidity/mortality. This paper addresses the impact of radio campaigns on the use of insecticide-treated bed nets among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods. A total of 2,348 pregnant women were interviewed during the survey across 21 of Nigeria’s 36 states. Respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique. Analysis was based on multivariate logistic regression. Results. Respondents who knew that sleeping under ITN prevents malaria were 3.2 times more likely to sleep under net (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 2.28 to 4.33; P<0.0001). Those who listened to radio are also about 1.6 times more likely to use ITN (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.28; P=0.020), while respondents who had heard of a specific sponsored radio campaign on ITN are 1.53 times more likely to use a bed net (P=0.019). Conclusion. Pregnant women who listened to mass media campaigns were more likely to adopt strategies to protect themselves from malaria. Therefore, behavior change communication messages that are aimed at promoting net use and antenatal attendance are necessary in combating malaria.

scholarly journals Accounting for regional transmission variability and the impact of malaria control interventions in Ghana: A population level mathematical modelling approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Awine ◽  
Sheetal P Silal
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Assessing the effectiveness of malaria control measures in Ghana will require taking transmission dynamics of the disease into account given the influence of climate variability in the region of interest. The impact of preventative interventions on malaria incidence and the prospects of meeting program timelines in Ghana have been investigated using mathematical models based on regionally diverse climatic zones. Methods An ordinary non-linear differential equation model with its associated rate parameters was developed incorporating the transitions between various disease compartments for three ecological zones in Ghana. Model parameters were estimated using data captured on the District Health Information Management System in Ghana from 2008 to 2017.The impact of insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying on the incidence of malaria were simulated at various levels of coverage and protective effectiveness in each ecological zone. To fit the model, Approximate Bayesian Computational sampling approach was adopted. Results Increasing the coverage levels of both long lasting insecticide treated bed nets or indoor residual spraying activities without a corresponding increase in their proper use or patronage does not impact highly on averting predicted incidence of malaria in Ghana. Improving on the protective efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets through proper usage could lead to substantial reductions in the predicted incidence of malaria. Similar results were obtained with indoor residual spraying across all zones. Conclusions Projected goals set in the National Strategic plan for malaria control 2014-2020 as well as WHO targets for malaria pre-elimination by 2030 are only likely be achieved if a substantial improvement in treated bed net usage is achieved coupled with targeted deployment of indoor residual spraying with high efficacy.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of the long-term use of insecticide-treated bed nets on Anopheles mosquito biting time

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Ferreira ◽  
Silas P. Lyra ◽  
Franciane Azevedo ◽  
David Greenhalgh ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Mosquito ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biting Time

scholarly journals The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control in Africa: a systematic review of modelling studies and population surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriano Amimo ◽  
Ben Lambert ◽  
Anthony Magit ◽  
Masahiro Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We reviewed current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria across Africa.Methods We searched medical databases up to 15 September 2020 for epidemiological studies that investigated the impact of COVID-19 on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in terms of morbidity, mortality, or healthcare accessibility, covering African countries. We consulted global health and government sources for population surveys providing relevant primary data. We employed meta-study to assess evidence. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020209265.Results Of the 128 records screened, 14 epidemiological studies were included in the analysis. We identified 5 population surveys. The largest effect of COVID-19 related disruption of HIV, TB, and malaria services is projected to result from interruption of ART, decline in TB case detection, and interruption of insecticide treated bed nets distribution campaigns, respectively. However, most modelling studies substantially underestimated the potential implications of COVID-19 on HIV, TB, and malaria in Africa and focused on the disruption of healthcare resulting from reduction in the capacity of healthcare provider. Reduced capacity of patients to use health services and adhere to treatment may also contribute to poor outcomes even when health systems capabilities are restored or unaffected. Moreover, these models do not account for any potential interaction of HIV, TB, and malaria with COVID-19, although empirical evidence shows that coinfection between HIV and TB with COVID-19 is significantly associated with increased mortality risk in Africa.Conclusions Current evidence is largely speculative. Innovative COVID-19 resilient solutions calibrated to local vulnerabilities are vital to ensure continuity of care and prevent the emergence of further potentially larger crises.

scholarly journals Accounting for regional transmission variability and the impact of malaria control interventions in Ghana: A population level mathematical modelling approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Awine ◽  
Sheetal P Silal
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Assessing the effectiveness of malaria control measures in Ghana will require taking transmission dynamics of the disease into account given the influence of climate variability in the region of interest. The impact of preventative interventions on malaria incidence and the prospects of meeting program timelines in Ghana were investigated using mathematical models based on regionally diverse climatic zones. Methods An ordinary non-linear differential equation models with their associated rate parameters were developed incorporating the transitions between various disease compartments for three ecological zones in Ghana. Models were fitted using data from the District Health Information Management System in Ghana from 2008 to 2017 and historical intervention coverage levels. To calibrate the models, Approximate Bayesian Computational sampling approach with a distance based rejection criteria was adopted. A leave-one-out approach was used to validate model parameters and the most sensitive evaluated using a multivariate regression sensitivity analysis. The impact of insecticide treated bed nets and their usage and indoor residual spraying as well as their protective efficacy on the incidence of malaria were simulated at various levels of coverage and protective effectiveness in each ecological zone to investigate the prospects of achieving goals of the malaria control strategy for 2014-2020. Results Increasing the coverage levels of both long lasting insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying activities without a corresponding increase in their recommended usage does not impact highly on averting predicted incidence of malaria. Improving upon the protective efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets through proper usage could lead to substantial reductions in the predicted incidence of malaria. Similar results were obtained with indoor residual spraying across all zones.Conclusions Projected goals set in the national strategic plan for malaria control 2014-2020 as well as WHO targets for malaria pre-elimination by 2030 are only likely to be achieved if a substantial improvement in treated bed net usage is achieved coupled with targeted deployment of indoor residual spraying with high community acceptability and efficacy. Key words: model, malaria, interventions, long lasting insecticide bednets, indoor residual spraying

scholarly journals Design and methods for a quasi-experimental pilot study to evaluate the impact of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in five regions in sub-Saharan Africa

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adama Gansané ◽  
Baltazar Candrinho ◽  
Aimable Mbituyumuremyi ◽  
Perpetua Uhomoibhi ◽  
Sagnon NFalé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Vector control tools have contributed significantly to a reduction in malaria burden since 2000, primarily through insecticidal-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying. In the face of increasing insecticide resistance in key malaria vector species, global progress in malaria control has stalled. Innovative tools, such as dual active ingredient (dual-AI) ITNs that are effective at killing insecticide-resistant mosquitoes have recently been introduced. However, large-scale uptake has been slow for several reasons, including higher costs and limited evidence on their incremental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The present report describes the design of several observational studies aimed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dual-AI ITNs, compared to standard pyrethroid-only ITNs, at reducing malaria transmission across a variety of transmission settings. Methods Observational pilot studies are ongoing in Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Rwanda, leveraging dual-AI ITN rollouts nested within the 2019 and 2020 mass distribution campaigns in each country. Enhanced surveillance occurring in select study districts include annual cross-sectional surveys during peak transmission seasons, monthly entomological surveillance, passive case detection using routine health facility surveillance systems, and studies on human behaviour and ITN use patterns. Data will compare changes in malaria transmission and disease burden in districts receiving dual-AI ITNs to similar districts receiving standard pyrethroid-only ITNs over three years. The costs of net distribution will be calculated using the provider perspective including financial and economic costs, and a cost-effectiveness analysis will assess incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for Interceptor® G2, Royal Guard®, and piperonyl butoxide ITNs in comparison to standard pyrethroid-only ITNs, based on incidence rate ratios calculated from routine data. Conclusions Evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the dual-AI ITNs from these pilot studies will complement evidence from two contemporary cluster randomized control trials, one in Benin and one in Tanzania, to provide key information to malaria control programmes, policymakers, and donors to help guide decision-making and planning for local malaria control and elimination strategies. Understanding the breadth of contexts where these dual-AI ITNs are most effective and collecting robust information on factors influencing comparative effectiveness could improve uptake and availability and help maximize their impact.

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