scholarly journals Comparative quantification of health risks: Conceptual framework and methodological issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher JL Murray ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
Alan D Lopez ◽  
Anthony Rodgers ◽  
Stephen Vander Hoorn
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin N. Walton ◽  
Robert Emmet Jones

Social scientists have increasingly turned their attention to the conceptualization and measurement of different facets of the self to better understand public concern for the environment. Despite significant progress in this area, theoretical and methodological issues remain that could impede further progress. This article addresses several of these issues by providing a conceptual framework that integrates key features from two major theories used to understand self-environment relations. The framework is then utilized within a multimethod research design that emphasized theoretical and methodological correspondence and precision to develop and assess a measure of ecological identity. The results provide solid evidence of the reliability and validity of the Ecological Identity Scale and the utility of the conceptual framework designed to support it. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that ecological identity influences a wide range of environmental behaviors both directly and indirectly via worldviews and social values. Recommendations for future research are offered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Jyoti Khatri ◽  
Gerard Fitzgerald ◽  
Meen B. Poudyal Chhetri

Introduction:Disasters cause severe disruption to socio-economic, infrastructural, and environmental aspects of community and nation. While the impact of disasters is strongly felt by those directly affected, they also have significant impacts on the mental and physical health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers. Variations in the nature and scale of disasters necessitate different approaches to risk management and hazard reduction during the response and recovery phases.Method:Published articles (2010-2017) on the quantitative and quantitative relationship between disasters and the physical and mental health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers were systematically collected and reviewed. A total of 162 relevant studies were identified. Physical injuries and mental health impacts were categorized into immediate, short-term, and chronic conditions. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to explore the health risks and injuries encountered by disaster relief workers and volunteers, and to identify the factors contributing to these and relating mitigation strategies.Results:There were relatively few studies into this issue. However, the majority of the scrutinized articles highlighted the dependence of nature and scope of injuries with the disaster type and the types of responders, while the living and working environment and socio-economic standing also had significant influence on health outcomes.Conclusion:A conceptual framework derived from the literature review clearly illustrated several critical elements that directly or indirectly cause damage to physical and mental health of disaster responders. Pre-disaster and post-disaster risk mitigation approaches may be employed to reduce the vulnerability of both volunteers and workers while understanding the identified stressors and their relationships.Khatri KC J, Fitzgerald G, Poudyal Chhetri MB. Health risks in disaster responders: a conceptual framework. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):209–216


2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha F. Somi ◽  
James R. G. Butler ◽  
Farshid Vahid ◽  
Joseph D. Njau ◽  
Salim Abdulla

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Marina Kiseleva ◽  
◽  
Anatolii Kiselev ◽  

The authors are mainly focused on special features of using art-therapeutic techniques to facilitate adaptation of several categories of the population to the information about environment- based health risks. They consider the methodological issues of presenting the ideas about health risks within the medical ecological content, of informing about those risks, since the lack of attention to those issues leads to additional anxiety in the population, as well as methods of correction of the latter through art-therapy methods developed by the authors. A psychological support program is suggested, which consists of three stages: diagnostic, psychological correction, psychological and social support. The first stage suggests psychological diagnostics, which include methods that allow for psychological and emotional background assessment. Based on the results of the diagnostics and social data, a complex assessment is made about the main problems of a person and a decision is made about the participation in psychological correction, which consists of individual and groups sessions. The second stage is aimed at the correction of negative emotions and feelings, as well as reaching solutions that are more complex. Art-therapy is suggested as the main psychosocial correction method, the use of which can create safe art-therapeutic environment, where the main means of interaction is a constructive dialogue, based on creating and examining an art product of a client, ‘clientart product-psychologist’, where the client feels protected enough to express their feelings. At the third stage, the clients continue to work with the psychologist as part of the psychological social support, the essence of which is given in this article as well.


1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Byerlee ◽  
Bernard Triomphe ◽  
Michel Sebillotte

SummaryCrop production surveys, which integrate the collection of data on both agronomic and economic variables, are increasingly common in on-farm research. A conceptual framework for designing and analysing such surveys is provided. Methodological issues in conducting crop production surveys are reviewed with respect to type of information collected, level of field observation, degree of quantification, frequency of observation, sampling, measurement of yields and yield components, and analysis of yield limiting factors. It is concluded that, while better integration of agronomic and economic perspectives in diagnosis may increase costs, the information and analysis obtained have considerable potential to improve the efficiency of experimentation.


2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kemps ◽  
Marika Tiggemann

Food cravings are a common everyday experience. Yet, they can pose significant health risks for some people. Following initial investigations into the phenomenology, antecedents, and consequences of food cravings, recent scientific interest has turned to the underpinnings of the actual craving experience. In this article, we outline a conceptual framework for studying food cravings that is grounded in cognitive experimental psychology and describe our corresponding program of research. In particular, we present converging evidence from a number of seemingly disparate lines of research into the cognitive processes that underlie food cravings with a view to developing a craving-reduction technique.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-829
Author(s):  
Jack W. Finney ◽  
George W. Brown ◽  
S. Leonard Syme

Three prescriptions are made to improve behavioral pediatrics research: (1) Focus behavioral pediatrics on preventive research from environmental and social perspectives. (2) Ground research questions more extensively within a conceptual framework. (3) Enhance research quality with reliable, valid measurement. Conceptual and methodological improvements in research will facilitate integration of the multidisciplinary, multimethodological, and multitheoretical scope of behavioral pediatrics and further its contributions to science.


foresight ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marchais-Roubelat ◽  
Fabrice Roubelat

Purpose – This paper aims to introduce movements in scenario methodology, to design a moving strategic foresight approach. Design/methodology/approach – The authors firstly question the limits of plausibility from an ontological and epistemological perspective to expand scenarios beyond the boundaries of end-states. To incorporate ongoing changes in scenario methodology, the authors propose to explore scenario transformations within the conceptual framework of action-based scenarios. Findings – The authors discuss consequences of playing strategies within ongoing scenarios, as well as the research directions about moving scales, stakeholders’ dominance and time issues. Originality/value – The paper proposes a method to distort and transform scenarios. The authors suggest supplementing strategic foresight in iterative processes to challenge the boundaries of plausible futures, bridging the gap between theoretical ever-changing processes and the moving rhythms of actions.


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