Application and kinetic evaluation of upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal from wastewater by Anammox process

Abstract This study developed a partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for treating high-ammonia wastewater using an innovative biofilm system in which ammonia oxidizing bacteria grew on fluidized Kaldnes (K1) carriers and Anammox bacteria grew on fixed acryl resin carriers. The airlift loop biofilm reactor (ALBR) was stably operated for more than 4 months under the following conditions: 35 ± 2 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5–3.5 mg/L. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached a maximum of 75% and the total nitrogen removal loading rate was above 0.4 kg/(d·m3). DO was the most efficient control parameter in the mixed biofilm system, and values below 1.5 mg/L were observed in the riser zone for the PN reaction, while values below 0.8 mg/L were observed in the downer zone for the Anammox reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization images showed that most of the nitrifying bacteria were distributed on the K1 carriers and most of the Anammox bacteria were distributed within the acryl resin carriers. Therefore, the results indicate that the proposed combined biofilm system is easy to operate and efficient for the treatment of high-ammonia wastewater.

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NITROGEN REMOVAL IN THE ANAMMOX BIOFILM REACTOR USING PALM FIBER AS CARRIER IN TROPICAL TEMPERATURE OPERATION

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri ◽

10.21771/jrtppi.2019.v10.no2.p7-15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽

Ansiha Nur ◽

Wina Ermaliza

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Palm Fiber ◽

Anammox Process

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the process of converting ammonium directly into nitrogen gas with nitrite as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. This process is more effective than conventional nitrification-denitrification but is very dependent on several parameters, one of which is temperature. The optimum temperature range for the growth of anammox bacteria is 30-400C. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficiency of nitrogen removal by anammox process using palm fibers in the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor in the tropical temperature. The experiment was conducted at a laboratory scale with a variation of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 24 h and 12 h using artificial wastewater. The reactor was inoculated with anammox granule genus Candidatus Brocadia. The concentration of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in the influent and effluent were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer based on standard method. Based on the experiment, the ratio ΔNH4+-N:ΔNO2--N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N similar with stoichiometric of anammox. The maximum Nitrogen removal performance (NRT) achieved 0.11 kg-N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d and 0.20 kg-N/m3.d at NLR 0.29 kg-N/m3.d. The removal efficiency for Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) in HRT 24 h were 79% and 76%, respectively while decreased in HRT 12 h were 72% and 69%, respectively. Anammox process can be applied in the tropical temperature at a laboratory scale using a UASB reactor with palm fiber as the carrier.

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A one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox processes in the moving-bed biofilm reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.237 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (8-9) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

B. Szatkowska ◽

G. Cema ◽

E. Plaza ◽

J. Trela ◽

B. Hultman

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽

Partial Nitritation ◽

One Stage ◽

Batch Tests ◽

Stage System ◽

Anammox Process

The ability of bacterial cultures to create biofilm brings a possibility to enhance biological wastewater treatment efficiency. Moreover, the ability of Anammox and Nitrosomonas species to grow within the same biofilm layer enabled a one-stage system for nitrogen removal to be designed. Such a system, with Kaldnes rings as carriers for biofilm growth, was tested in a technical pilot plant scale (2.1 m3) at the Himmerfjärden Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the Stockholm region. The system was directly supplied with supernatant originating from dewatering of digested sludge containing high ammonium concentrations. Nearly 1-year of operational data showed that during the partial nitritation/Anammox process, alkalinity was utilised parallel to ammonium removal. The process resulted in a small pH drop, and its relationship with conductivity was found. The nitrogen removal rate for the whole period oscillated around 1.5 g N m−2d−1 with a maximum value equal to 1.9 g N m−2d−1. Parallel to the pilot plant experiment, a series of batch tests were run to investigate the influence on removal rates of different dissolved oxygen conditions and addition of nitrite. The highest nitrogen removal rate (5.2 g N m−2d−1) in batch tests was obtained when the Anammox process was stimulated by the addition of nitrite. In the simultaneous partial nitritation and Anammox process, the partial nitritation was the rate-limiting step.

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One-stage partial nitrification and anammox process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Start-up, nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community dynamics in response to temperature

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 145529

Author(s):

Fen Wang ◽

Sihan Xu ◽

Lingjie Liu ◽

Siyu Wang ◽

Min Ji

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Partial Nitrification ◽

Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽

Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽

Start Up ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

Anammox Process

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Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate by Chemical and Biological Treatment: Process Comparison

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2010.070 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 655-664

Author(s):

Andrii Butkovskyi ◽

Karin Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Stoichiometric Ratio ◽

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Operational Costs ◽

Anammox Process

The efficiency of nitrogen removal from leachate by different chemical and biological methods was explored. The leachate was derived from Filborna landfill (NSR AB, Helsingborg, Sweden) and was characterized as an old leachate with pH = 8.0 and comparatively low concentrations of nitrogen and organic compounds (ca. 150 mg/l NH4-N and 500 mg/l COD). Three treatment processes were tested in lab-scale experiments; combined nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing-batch reactor (SBR), one-reactor nitritation-anammox process in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) in sequencing-batch configuration and nitrogen precipitation in the form of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). State-of-the-art of these processes is described. The conventional combined nitrification/denitrification process allowed 99% removal of inorganic nitrogen with 23 mg NH4-N/(l·h) being the highest nitrification rate achieved. Aeration during nitrification step and addition of carbon source according to the stoichiometric ratio for denitrification was required, accounting for the operational costs. The nitritation-anammox process also allowed 99% removal of inorganic nitrogen with 3.7 g NH4- N/(m2·d) being the highest process rate achieved while running the reactor at 25°C and pH 8.0. The process is advantageous in comparison with the conventional biological removal process, as oxygen consumption is lower and addition of carbon source is not required. With MAP precipitation at the optimal Mg:N:P ratio (1.2:1:1) only 78% removal of inorganic nitrogen was achieved. The precipitation process led to a significant increase of phosphorous concentrations in the effluent, while external magnesium and phosphorous sources to be added resulted in high process costs. Detailed descriptions of the processes and obtainedresults are given in the article. Comparing the three processes, conclusions are drawn that it is possible to achieve effluent nitrogen requirements (15 mg N/l) by treatment of leachate with both tested biological processes, but not with MAP precipitation. One-reactor nitritation-anammox would require the lowest operational costs, while MAP precipitation – the highest.

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