Partial Nitritation / Anammox Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor for Nitrogen Removal from Aerobic Secondary Effluent

One-year (2004) comprehensive investigations in a semi-industrial pilot plant (5 m3) were carried out with the aim of assessing the influence of operational parameters on the partial nitritation/Anammox system performance. In the system designed as a moving-bed biofilm reactor, the influent nitrogen load to the Anammox reactor was progressively increased and a stable Anammox bacterial culture was obtained. Interaction between subsequent aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the partial nitritation and Anammox reactors, respectively, granted conditions to remove nitrogen through the nitrite route. It implies that the oxygen supply can be limited to a high extent. A control strategy for the partial nitritation step relied on concomitant adjustment of the air supply with a variable influent nitrogen load, which can be monitored by both pH and conductivity measurements. In the Anammox reactor, an influent nitrite-to-ammonium ratio plays a vital role in obtaining efficient nitrogen removal. During the 1-year experimental period, the Anammox reactor was operated steadily and average nitrogen removal efficiency was 84% with 97% as the maximum value.

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Start-up of a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox MBBR without inoculum at Klagshamn WWTP

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (9) ◽

pp. 2033-2042 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivelina Dimitrova ◽

Agnieszka Dabrowska ◽

Sara Ekström

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Full Scale ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Ammonium Oxidation ◽

Partial Nitritation ◽

Start Up

Abstract Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d−1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was >80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m−2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.

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A one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox processes in the moving-bed biofilm reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.237 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (8-9) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

B. Szatkowska ◽

G. Cema ◽

E. Plaza ◽

J. Trela ◽

B. Hultman

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽

Partial Nitritation ◽

One Stage ◽

Batch Tests ◽

Stage System ◽

Anammox Process

The ability of bacterial cultures to create biofilm brings a possibility to enhance biological wastewater treatment efficiency. Moreover, the ability of Anammox and Nitrosomonas species to grow within the same biofilm layer enabled a one-stage system for nitrogen removal to be designed. Such a system, with Kaldnes rings as carriers for biofilm growth, was tested in a technical pilot plant scale (2.1 m3) at the Himmerfjärden Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the Stockholm region. The system was directly supplied with supernatant originating from dewatering of digested sludge containing high ammonium concentrations. Nearly 1-year of operational data showed that during the partial nitritation/Anammox process, alkalinity was utilised parallel to ammonium removal. The process resulted in a small pH drop, and its relationship with conductivity was found. The nitrogen removal rate for the whole period oscillated around 1.5 g N m−2d−1 with a maximum value equal to 1.9 g N m−2d−1. Parallel to the pilot plant experiment, a series of batch tests were run to investigate the influence on removal rates of different dissolved oxygen conditions and addition of nitrite. The highest nitrogen removal rate (5.2 g N m−2d−1) in batch tests was obtained when the Anammox process was stimulated by the addition of nitrite. In the simultaneous partial nitritation and Anammox process, the partial nitritation was the rate-limiting step.

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Municipal wastewater treatment through an aerobic biofilm SBR integrated with a submerged filtration bed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.041 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 917-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kai Yang ◽

Jiajie He ◽

Mark Dougherty ◽

Xiaojun Yang ◽

Lu Li

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Warm Season ◽

Cold Season ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Anthracite Coal

A biofilm reactor and a gravitational filtration bed were integrated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to aerobically treat a municipal wastewater. Polyacrylonitrile balls (50 mm diameter, 90% porosity) were filled into the upper part of the SBR as biofilm attaching materials and anthracite coal (particle size ∼1.17 mm) was placed into the lower part as filter media. The SBR was aerated during filling and reaction phases, followed by a 10 min discharge phase during which the wastewater went through the filtration bed without aeration. The SBR was tested with raw wastewater from a municipal WWTP in Wuhan, China from July 2006 to January 2007, during both a warm season and a cold season. The SBR showed a capability to accept COD and turbidity fluctuations in the receiving wastewater. Seasonal influence on COD and nitrogen removal by the biofilm reactor was significant. Nitrogen and phosphorus removals were limited by COD levels in the wastewater. The filtration process removed considerable COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity. The overall SBR effluent quality consistently satisfied the national secondary effluent discharge standard of China, except for total phosphorus. An anaerobic phase before the aerobic reaction is proposed to improve phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The filter normally required a backwash every seven days and the water needed for backwash was less than 4% of the wastewater treated by the SBR. This experiment provides information needed for further investigation to improve performance of the SBR.

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Development of single-stage nitrogen removal using anammox and partial nitritation (SNAP) and its treatment performances

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.175 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

K. Furukawa ◽

P.K. Lieu ◽

H. Tokitoh ◽

T. Fujii

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Single Stage ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Anammox Bacteria ◽

Partial Nitritation ◽

Operational Conditions

Single-stage Nitrogen removal using Anammox and Partial nitritation (SNAP) process was newly developed as an economical nitrogen removal process for ammonium rich wastewaters. The experimental studies for the evaluation of SNAP process were carried out using a novel biofilm reactor, in which hydrophilic net-type acryl fiber biomass carrier was applied. This SNAP reactor was operated under operational conditions of pH 7.5–7.7, 35 °C and DO 2–3 mg/L, and 60 to 80% of influent NH4-N was removed under loading rate of 0.48 kg-N/m3/d. Through the DNA analysis of the attached sludge, it was made clear that ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria coexisted in the attach-immobilized sludge on the acryl fiber biomass carrier. Favorable conditions for the growth of anammox bacteria were created inside attach-immobilized nitrifying sludge. Two kinds of anammox bacteria and two kinds of AOB were detected in the SNAP sludge. Existence ratios of anammox and AOB were estimated to be 15% and 8.7%, respectively, based on the obtained clone numbers. This coexisting condition was confirmed by the FISH image of SNAP sludge and its confocal laser scanning microscope.

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