scholarly journals Determining the optimal number of yard trucks in smaller container terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Stojaković ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminal ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Small Container ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background In 2017, smaller container ports handled approximately 22% of total containerized cargo. Nowadays liner operators are calling on those ports with larger ships and demanding fast and efficient turnaround of the ships in port. This is possible only if the berth has the right capacities, is working properly and achieves a good productivity level. Methodology Productivity level does not depend only on the quay crane capacities but also the transfer mechanisation, of which the main function is to serve quay cranes on one side and yard cranes on the other side. Choosing the correct type and number of vehicles to transfer container units from berth to yard has become a very important decision in every container terminal. Results In small container terminals yard trucks represents the most common type of transfer mechanization. That is why this research is based on the allocation of the right number of yard trucks to quay cranes in order to assure better productivity levels in the berth and yard subsystems. For this purpose, a discrete-event simulation modelling approach is used. The approach is applied to a hypothetical small container terminal, which includes operations on the berth-yard-berth relation.

A New Dispatching Model of Automated Lifting Vehicles in Automated Container Terminal with Limited Buffer Space

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghian ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd Ariffin ◽  
Say Hong Tang ◽  
Napsiah Binti Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Buffer Space ◽  
Integrated Scheduling ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Automated Lifting Vehicle ◽  
Large Container

Automation of the processes at the quays of the world's large container ports is one of the answers to the required ever-increasing transshipment volumes within the same timeframe. For such purpose, using new generation of vehicles is unavoidable. One of the automatic vehicles that can be used in container terminals is Automated Lifting Vehicle (ALV). Integrated scheduling of handling equipments with quay cranes can increase the efficiency of automated transport systems in container. In this paper, an integrated scheduling of quay cranes and automated lifting vehicles with limited buffer space is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming model. This model minimizes the makespan of all the loading and unloading tasks for a pre-defined set of cranes in a scheduling problem.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis on Transfer Platforms in Frame Bridge Based Automated Container Terminals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Hu ◽  
Byung Kwon Lee ◽  
Youfang Huang ◽  
Loo Hay Lee ◽  
Ek Peng Chew
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Automated Guided Vehicles ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Automated Container Terminal ◽  
Multistory Frame

This paper studies a new automated container terminal (ACT) system which utilizes multistory frame bridges and rail-mounted trolleys to transport containers between the quay and the yard. Beside typical ACT systems use trucks or automated guided vehicles for transporting containers between quay cranes and yard cranes, the new design uses three types of handling machines, namely, ground trolleys (GTs), transfer platforms (TPs), and frame trolleys (FTs). These three types of handling machines collaborate with one another to transport containers. This study decomposes the system into several subsystems. Each subsystem has one TP and several FTs and GTs dedicated to this TP. Then, a Markov chain model is developed to analyze the throughput of TPs. At last, the performance of the new ACT system is estimated. Sensitivity analyzes the numbers, and the processing rates of trolleys are conducted through the numeric experiments.

Improvement in Queuing Network Model to Reduce Waiting Time at Berthing Area of Port Container Terminal via Discrete Event Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
A. Shahpanah ◽  
S. Shariatmadari ◽  
Ali Chegeni ◽  
A. Gholamkhasi ◽  
M. Shahpanah
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Queuing Network ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Queuing Problems

Queuing problems present a gap in the availability of knowledge at port container terminals. This study is focused on various types of services for port container terminal queuing system. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology to decrease waiting time without any reduction in productivity. A new approach for servicing at the queue is proposed, and with this idea waiting time will be reduced without any change in productivity or additional cost. To execute this approach in a port container terminal, berthing areas of the port are simulated with ARENA 13.5, and this new approach is implemented in the model. The result of this change are compared with results of a port container terminal as case study. With implementing this method the waiting time is reduced dramatically and productivity increased slowly.

Joint Deployment of Quay Cranes and Yard Cranes in Container Terminals at a Tactical Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (9) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Wu ◽  
Shuaian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Proposed Model

This paper discusses tactical joint quay crane (QC) and yard crane (YC) deployment in container terminals. The deployments of QCs and YCs are critical for the efficiency of container terminals. Although they are closely intertwined, the deployments of QCs and YCs are usually sequential. This paper proposes a mixed-integer programming model for the joint deployment of QCs and YCs in container terminals. The objective of the model is to minimize the weighted vessel turnaround time and the weighted delayed workload for external truck service in yard blocks, both of great importance for a container terminal but rarely considered together in the literature. This paper proves that the studied problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed model can obtain better solutions than the sequential method. This paper also investigates the most effective combinations of QCs and YCs for a container terminal at various demand levels.

scholarly journals SELECTED ASPECTS OF SIMULATION MODELLING OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT PROCESSES PERFORMED AT LOGISTICS FACILITIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Karkula
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Cross Docking ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal Transport

The transport is an important part of logistic systems. Improper management of transport operations may contribute to the low level of the usage of vehicles and to high transport costs, as well as to the formation of unnecessary high inventory at each location of storage, as well as prolonged time of order realization and not full use of company capacity. It is therefore important the appropriate dimensioning, planning of the transport system and performed transport operations so as to allow the supply of certain goods at the right time and the amount to the appropriate points of the system. The article presents the methods of transport operations modelling, taking into account different criteria based on discrete event simulation. In the article the case study of modelling transport operations in the small cross-docking centre is also presented

scholarly journals Optimization Method for Container Quay Crane Operation Based on Energy Saving

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Liu Leilei ◽  
Sun Lei ◽  
Zhao Dadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Quay Cranes ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Reducing Energy

This paper studies the energy utilization of the quay crane, one of the major energy using equipment for the container terminal. We establish an optimization model for the loading and unloading of the quay crane, use the genetic algorithm to solve it, and verify the validity of the model by actual operation data of container terminals. The results show that the model has a significant effect on reducing energy consumption of quay cranes.

scholarly journals A Simulation Approach to the Definition of the Subsystems Parameters in Small Container Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Maja Stojaković ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

This article deals with the extremely difficult problem faced by a large number of smaller ports: how to enable small container terminals to simultaneously receive two ships of post-Panamax size, and at the same time provide effective transshipment operations on an individual terminal subsystem, which would enable the fast turnaround of the ship in port and at the same time provide the port the possibility to increase annual traffic. For this purpose, a simulation approach was used in a hypothetical small size container terminal. The performed simulations covered all the berth-yard-berth operations focusing on the correct allocation of transfer mechanization to ensure optimal results on the sea side of the terminal. The results obtained were used to define the key parameters on the basis of which a Decision Support Tool was created. The aim of the Decision Support Tool is to help port operators to identify their current problems quickly and effectively and to give them an insight into the measures that need to be implemented to accommodate two post-Panamax ships at the terminal at the same time.

scholarly journals A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR CONTAINER TERMINAL OPTIMIZATION WITHIN THE BERTH SUBSYSTEM

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Stojaković ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Small Container

The article deals with a current problem faced by all ports: how to enable container terminals to keep up with the development of container ships, which, due to economies of scale, are constantly increasing in size. One solution that can help small container ports solve this problem is a use of a Decision Support Tool (DST). The DST is based on simulations and identifications of the container terminal components that require optimization for the reception of the desired ship size in a given port. It consists of the six parts of the terminal that define the operational ship-to-shore system that determines the quality of service when a ship is in the port. A DST was tested on the real data of twelve Mediterranean container terminals. Special focus was made on the optimization possibilities of the container terminal in the port of Koper.

scholarly journals Container – Terminal – Gate – System Optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Mazouz ◽  
Loay Naji ◽  
Yuanzhi Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminal ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Discrete Event System ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Entrance Channel ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Event System ◽  
The World ◽  
Gate System

The utility of the container terminal has become quite remarkable all over the world. It is vital to maximize the utility of the container yard and the terminal gate system. With the ever-increasing importance of containerization in the world, more than 60% of cargo is transported by containers, this ratio even reaches 100% in some highly economic developed and political stable places.  It is estimated that, the total quantity of containerization in the world will increase by 10% every year before 2020. The aim of this work is to be used as a decision support system tool when designing and constructing container terminals. The article focuses on optimizing the staging of containers within a terminal gate system. A Port within the main Land China is being used as a test bed to demonstrate the Simulation Model based on Queuing Theory. The analysis considers both the facility and the setting of the terminal gate system by considering the Discrete Event System Theory and the terminal gate system in order to make the daily operation more suitable for the terminal. The research combines the computer simulation method and the actual complex discrete event system, and identifies the most suitable setting and the theoretical maximum capacity for the terminal. Normally, the usage ratio (the busy time) should be around 75%, the simulation findings, the channel performance measures indicators are the usage ratio and the average waiting time the proper number of channel is 3 for entrance channel, and 2 for exit channel with usage ratios of 74% and exit usage of 55%, allocating 3 Entrance Channel (gates) and 2 Exit Channels (gates). Both the entrance and exit saved 2 channels. Both the capacity and channel number calculation are treated as a reference for the future decision maker when it comes to the container terminal construction.

scholarly journals Improving Logistics Processes in Inland Container Terminal

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90
Author(s):  
Dejan Mirčetić ◽  
Marinko Maslarić ◽  
Svetlana Nikoličić
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Process Redesign ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Container Logistics ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Original Feature

This paper focuses on the application of two approaches: Business Process Redesign (BPR) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) in an attempt to enhance the basic logistics processes in inland container terminals. The goal of the paper is to identify the weaknesses and potential problems in the execution of current logistics processes, as well as to redesign such identified weaknesses and problems. The main contribution of the paper is to show how DES and BPR can be used in restructuring of container logistics processes in inland container terminals. Its original feature is a novelty, a holistic approach in rationalization of container logistics processes in inland intermodal terminals, creating models of the current (AS-IS) and improved (TO-BE) states. Models show that DES and BPR represent an easily accessible and effective tool in the analysis of terminal processes in container terminals. Therefore, it can be efficiently used for monitoring the current situation, identification of weak spots in a particular system and for creating any necessary preconditions for improvement of business processes.

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