scholarly journals Understanding and mathematical modelling of cellular resource allocation in microorganisms: a comparative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zeng ◽  
Reza Rohani ◽  
Wei E. Huang ◽  
Aidong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Overflow Metabolism ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The rising consensus that the cell can dynamically allocate its resources provides an interesting angle for discovering the governing principles of cell growth and metabolism. Extensive efforts have been made in the past decade to elucidate the relationship between resource allocation and phenotypic patterns of microorganisms. Despite these exciting developments, there is still a lack of explicit comparison between potentially competing propositions and a lack of synthesis of inter-related proposals and findings. Results In this work, we have reviewed resource allocation-derived principles, hypotheses and mathematical models to recapitulate important achievements in this area. In particular, the emergence of resource allocation phenomena is deciphered by the putative tug of war between the cellular objectives, demands and the supply capability. Competing hypotheses for explaining the most-studied phenomenon arising from resource allocation, i.e. the overflow metabolism, have been re-examined towards uncovering the potential physiological root cause. The possible link between proteome fractions and the partition of the ribosomal machinery has been analysed through mathematical derivations. Finally, open questions are highlighted and an outlook on the practical applications is provided. It is the authors’ intention that this review contributes to a clearer understanding of the role of resource allocation in resolving bacterial growth strategies, one of the central questions in microbiology. Conclusions We have shown the importance of resource allocation in understanding various aspects of cellular systems. Several important questions such as the physiological root cause of overflow metabolism and the correct interpretation of ‘protein costs’ are shown to remain open. As the understanding of the mechanisms and utility of resource application in cellular systems further develops, we anticipate that mathematical modelling tools incorporating resource allocation will facilitate the circuit-host design in synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Are Engaged Workaholics Protected against Job-Related Negative Affect and Anxiety before Sleep? A Study of the Moderating Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Spagnoli ◽  
Cristian Balducci ◽  
Liliya Scafuri Kovalchuk ◽  
Francesco Maiorano ◽  
Carmela Buono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Conditional Process Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Although the interplay between workaholism and work engagement could explain several open questions regarding the Heavy Work Investment (HWI) phenomenon, few studies have addressed this issue. Thus, with the purpose of filling this literature gap, the present study aimed at examining a model where job-related negative affect mediates the relationship between the interplay of workaholism and work engagement, and anxiety before sleep. Since gender could have a role in the way the interplay would impact on the theorized model, we also hypothesized a moderated role of gender on the specific connection concerning the interplay between workaholism and work engagement, in relation to job-related negative affect. Conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 146 participants, balanced for gender. Results supported the mediating model and indicated the presence of a moderated role of gender, such that engaged workaholic women reported significantly less job-related negative affect than disengaged workaholic women. On the contrary, the interplay between workaholism and work engagement did not seem significant for men. Results are discussed in light of the limitations and future directions of the research in this field, as well as the ensuing practical implications.

The Role of Value Facilitation Regarding Cloud Service Provider Profitability in the Cloud Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Herzfeldt ◽  
Sebastian Floerecke ◽  
Christoph Ertl ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Cloud Service Provider ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explorative Interviews

With the increasing maturity of cloud technologies and the growing demand from customers, the cloud computing ecosystem has been expanding continuously with both incumbents and new entrants, whereby it has become more distributed and less transparent. For cloud service providers previously focusing on growth strategies, it is now necessary to shift the attention to providing service efficiently, as well as profitably. Based on 14 explorative interviews with cloud service experts, the relationship between cloud service provider profitability and value facilitation, which stands for the capability to build up resources in advance of future customer engagements, is investigated. The results indicate a positive relationship between cloud service profitability and value facilitation and deliver valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners. In particular, guidelines on how to design profitable cloud service offerings are discussed.

The Role of Value Facilitation Regarding Cloud Service Provider Profitability in the Cloud Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
pp. 789-810
Author(s):  
Alexander Herzfeldt ◽  
Sebastian Floerecke ◽  
Christoph Ertl ◽  
Helmut Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Cloud Service Provider ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explorative Interviews

With the increasing maturity of cloud technologies and the growing demand from customers, the cloud computing ecosystem has been expanding continuously with both incumbents and new entrants, whereby it has become more distributed and less transparent. For cloud service providers previously focusing on growth strategies, it is now necessary to shift the attention to providing service efficiently, as well as profitably. Based on 14 explorative interviews with cloud service experts, the relationship between cloud service provider profitability and value facilitation, which stands for the capability to build up resources in advance of future customer engagements, is investigated. The results indicate a positive relationship between cloud service profitability and value facilitation and deliver valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners. In particular, guidelines on how to design profitable cloud service offerings are discussed.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE BUDGET IN RAISING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL ‎ PERFORMANCE IN THE DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION IN THE NORTHERN ‎GOVERNORATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Wafaa Mohammad ASHOUR ◽  
Narmeen Ismat ZATARA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

The study aimed to identify the role of the budget in raising the efficiency of financial ‎performance in the Directorate of Education in the northern governorates. The two ‎researchers used: qualitative research.‎ The interview tool was adopted: it consisted of (3) main themes. The first axis: about ‎budget preparation and included (8) questions. The second axis: about the implementation ‎of the budget, and included (7) questions. The third axis: about the relationship between ‎the budget and the efficiency of financial performance. The interview questions included ‎open questions and closed questions.‎ The study population is made up of members of the Finance Committee and is responsible ‎for the budget preparation process. They number (68) in the second semester of the ‎academic year 2020-2021. The sample size is (19) by 28%. The most important results are: ‎ o The budget plays a major role in raising the efficiency of financial performance, as ‎it is one of the activities planning tools, as the revenue amounts are distributed ‎among the budget items.‎ o The budget has a role in raising the efficiency of financial performance in the ‎education directorates through its oversight role on performance.‎ Recommendations: ‎ o Increasing the powers of education directorates in the budget preparation process ‎by the Ministry of Education in order to achieve a higher level of flexibility in it to ‎meet the needs within the priorities.‎ o Conducting training courses on budget preparation, implementation, and follow-‎up by the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, and ‎not to be limited to department heads only, but extend to all employees in the ‎directorate's departments and those willing and qualified to prepare budgets‎.

scholarly journals Modelling and measuring intracellular competition for finite resources during gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20180887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renana Sabi ◽  
Tamir Tuller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Relationship

Dissecting the competition between genes for shared expressional resources is of fundamental importance for understanding the interplay between cellular components. Owing to the relationship between gene expression and cellular fitness, genomes are shaped by evolution to improve resource allocation. Whereas experimental approaches to investigate intracellular competition require technical resources and human expertise, computational models and in silico simulations allow vast numbers of experiments to be carried out and controlled easily, and with significantly reduced costs. Thus, modelling competition has a pivotal role in understanding the effects of competition on the biophysics of the cell. In this article, we review various computational models proposed to describe the different types of competition during gene expression. We also present relevant synthetic biology experiments and their biotechnological implications, and discuss the open questions in the field.

Oil Dependence and Climate Change: Public Theology in Norway

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Kjetil Fretheim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Petroleum Production ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Cultural Role

Petroleum production and consumption are not only a source of wealth and welfare, but also a root cause of contemporary climate change. This article deals with the cultural role of petroleum in contemporary globalized societies and how public theology can address the relationship between oil and climate change. I will examine how the Church of Norway is responding to Norwegian petroleum production and climate change and how the church understands the cultural role of petroleum production. I also discuss the moral, political and ecological challenges that follow from petroleum production and consumption and the kind of policy measures the Church of Norway advocates in response to these challenges. Finally, I reflect on the implications of this specific example to the field of public theology.

СERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY AND GENITAL INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Dolgushina V.F. ◽  
Alikhanova E.S. ◽  
Grafova E.D.
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Early Preterm Birth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the availability of diagnostics and modern methods of treatment, preterm birth with cervical insufficiency occurs in 44-57% of cases, while early preterm birth reaches 38,8%. To date, there is no doubt about the connection of premature labor and intraamnial inflammation, the frequency of which in cervical insufficiency reaches 80%. Most researchers are unanimous in the opinion that the ascending route of infection in intraamnial infection is a priority. It has been proven that a decrease in the absolute and relative amount of Lactobacillus spp., A change in the species composition of lactoflora or atypical vaginal colonization associated with premature birth and premature rupture of membranes. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the vaginal biotope with an insufficient number of lactobacilli are capable of producing various proteases that destroy collagen, constituting the basis of connective tissue and determining the elasticity of the membranes, which allows us to consider cervicovaginal infections as one of the mechanisms of premature remodeling of the cervix and rupture of membranes. In that way, it is relevant to study the frequency and structure of genital infection in cervical insufficiency. The analysis of medical literature data, presented in the electronic libraries Elibrary and Pubmed for the last 10 years, devoted to the study of genital infection in cervical insufficiency. The issue of the relationship of cervicovaginal infections with premature remodeling of the cervix of the uterus was discussed, as well as studies on the role of intrauterine infection in the genesis of preterm labor. The results of scientific studies are presented, indicating both the direct influence of cervical incompetence on the risk of intraamnial infection and the root cause of genital infection in the pathogenesis of cervical insufficiency. Convincing data are given that timely diagnosis and treatment of violations of the vaginal biocenosis is one of the significant links in the prevention of premature birth. It is necessary to further study the pathogenetic relationship of cervicovaginal infections and cervical insufficiency.

Innovation, Macroeconomic Effects, and Environmental Degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-158
Author(s):  
Ayfer Gedikli ◽  
Mehmet Rıza Derindağ
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

All over the world, rising population, diminishing natural resources, and the necessity of sustainable growth pointed out the importance of innovation. In the growth strategies, the ability to innovate, as knowledge capital, is one of the most important determinants of sustainable development for all developing countries as their aim is to generate added value, higher development, and a sustainable environment. The aim of this study is to present the importance of innovation for sustainable growth performance in the 13 Mediterranean countries. In the chapter, the role of innovation in macroeconomic performance and sustainable environment in the aforementioned countries will be analyzed. This chapter not only provides an analysis of the relationship between the innovation, macroeconomic factors, and environmental degradation but also policy suggestions to put forth to have more innovative technologies, sustainable growth performance, and environment conservation.

Institutional influence, cognition and competence of top managers and innovative firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidong Feng ◽  
Qunhong Shen ◽  
Shuming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Institutional Influence ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Chinese Transition ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between the role of entrepreneurs and the innovation investment propensity of Chinese firms. This study is expected to enhance our understanding about the competence building of top management team for innovative development. Design/methodology/approach – The analytical framework draws upon the recent theoretical progress about innovative firms, cognition and competence building of top managers. A horizontal data comparison and four longitudinal case studies of representative firms in the Chinese power equipment industry are implemented. Findings – The cognitive backgrounds of top managers, which have a significant role in directing strategic resource allocation, are found to be influenced by institutional environments. Because the institutional environments which are under the Chinese transition impact different groups of firms in different ways, the relevant practices of these firms lead to dissimilar competence building of top managers. Originality/value – This paper establishes a nexus of “institutional influence–cognition–resource allocation”. Such a nexus highlights the role of cognition of top managers in influencing the strategy-making of firms. So it helps in explaining the conditions for competence building in firms.

Rebel with a cause

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Wong ◽  
May Chu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The People ◽  
Crony Capitalism ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the cause and nature of the 2014 Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong and the role of the youth in the movement. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes the relationship between the serious social and economic problems in Hong Kong, of which the youth often feel the greatest impact, and the demands for a real democratic system made by the Umbrella Movement. It examines the structural roots of the Movement and the role of youths in it. Findings The Umbrella Movement is not simply a movement of anger and frustration, but also a movement reflecting some of the serious and legitimate concerns of the people of Hong Kong, especially the youth, who have a high and growing sense of local identity and citizenship. The movement links the major policy and social problems of the post-Handover era to its root cause, which is an undemocratic political system combined with crony capitalism. Unfortunately, the approach taken by the government toward the Movement has been to emphasize its illegal nature and to attempt to divide the opposition by adopting “united front” strategies that pay no serious attention to the problems the Movement has raised. Eventually, this approach will only lead to an outcome of “strong government, weak society” where strong government action in opposition to reformers will weaken the cohesion of society and expose the actual weakness of the state that has no popular legitimacy, going on to create more chaos as a result of its weak governance. Originality/value This paper will help both scholars and policymakers to understand the structural and root causes of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong and explain why Hong Kong is suffering from a serious problem of weak governance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document