scholarly journals Sex difference in the incidence of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer in the United States, 1992–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Xiaona Qi ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Cardia Cancer ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is more common in men than in women, but underlying reasons have not been completely understood. This study aimed to assess patterns of the sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer in the United States. Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we analyzed the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer by ethnicity, anatomic site and histological type in the United States during 1992–2014. We assessed the temporal trends in the sex differences in the incidence of gastric cancer during the study period. Results The male-to-female incidence ratio of cardia cancer increased with age until peaking at ages 55–69 years and decreased thereafter, while the ratio for non-cardia gastric cancer increased with age before ages < 60 years and remained stable onwards. The age-specific patterns in the sex difference of gastric cancer incidence varied between intestinal and diffuse histological types. The sex difference in the incidence of cardia cancer remained relatively stable except for that the absolute difference between the sexes in whites decreased on average by 0.8% per year from 1992 to 2014. The absolute incidence difference between the sexes in non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites, blacks, and Asian and Pacific islanders by approximately 4% per year. The male-to-female incidence ratio of non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites and blacks, but remained relatively stable in Asian and Pacific islanders. Conclusions Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors may have contributed to the sex difference in gastric cancer. Sex hormones may play a role in the development of cardia cancer and intestinal type of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Sex difference in the incidence of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer in the United States, 1992-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Xiaona Qi ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Cardia Cancer ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is more common in men than in women, but underlying reasons have not been completely understood. This study aimed to assess patterns of the sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer in the United States.Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we analyzed the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer by ethnicity, anatomic site and histological type in the United States during 1992-2014. We assessed the temporal trends in the sex differences in the incidence of gastric cancer during the study period.Results The male-to-female incidence ratio of cardia cancer increased with age until peaking at ages 55-69 years and decreased thereafter, while the ratio for non-cardia gastric cancer increased with age before ages <60 years and remained stable onwards. The age-specific patterns in the sex difference of gastric cancer incidence varied between intestinal and diffuse histological types. The sex difference in the incidence of cardia cancer remained relatively stable except for that the absolute difference between the sexes in whites decreased on average by 0.8% per year from 1992 to 2014. The absolute incidence difference between the sexes in non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites, blacks, and Asian and Pacific islanders by approximately 4% per year. The male-to-female incidence ratio of non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites and blacks, but remained relatively stable in Asian and Pacific islanders.Conclusions Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors may have contributed to the sex difference in gastric cancer. Sex hormones may play a role in the development of cardia cancer and intestinal type of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Sex difference in the incidence of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer in the United States, 1992-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Xiaona Qi ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Cardia Cancer ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is more common in men than in women, but underlying reasons have not been completely understood. Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we analyzed the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of gastric cancer in the United States during 1992-2014. We assessed the temporal trends in the sex differences in the incidence of gastric cancer during the study period. Results The male-to-female incidence ratio of cardia cancer increased with age until peaking at ages 55-69 years and decreased thereafter, while the ratio for non-cardia gastric cancer increased with age before ages <60 years and remained stable onwards. The age-specific patterns in the sex difference of gastric cancer incidence varied between intestinal and diffuse histological types. The sex difference in the incidence of cardia cancer remained relatively stable except for that the absolute difference between the sexes in whites decreased on average by 0.8% per year from 1992 to 2014. The absolute incidence difference between the sexes in non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites, blacks, and Asian and Pacific islanders by approximately 4% per year. The male-to-female incidence ratio of non-cardia gastric cancer decreased over time in whites and blacks, but remained relatively stable in Asian and Pacific islanders. Conclusions Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors may have contributed to the sex difference in gastric cancer. Sex hormones may play a role in the development of cardia cancer and intestinal type of gastric cancer.

Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States.

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Morrison G. Wong ◽  
Herbert Barringer ◽  
Robert W. Gardner ◽  
Michael J. Levin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islanders

Abstract 22: STEMI Trends in the United States 2002-2010: Increasing Use of PCI and Declining Mortality

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmee U Shah ◽  
Stephanie Rutten-Ramos ◽  
Ross Garberich ◽  
Mourad Tighiouart ◽  
Timothy D Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Over Time

Objective: We sought to quantify changes in STEMI mortality and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) use in the United States (US) from 2002 to 2010. Methods: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), an all-payer discharge database, to create estimates of STEMI, STEMI in-hospital mortality, and PCI use. The NIS includes hospitals selected to approximate 20% of all non-federal US hospitals and includes weights to create national estimates. STEMI cases were identified based on primary diagnostic code. High volume STEMI-PCI centers were defined as >36 cases/year, according to PCI guidelines. Temporal trends were evaluated with logistic regression, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics. Discharges to other acute care facilities were excluded for outcomes analyses. Results: We identified 1,944,112 STEMI discharges in the US; mean age was 64 years, 34% were women, and 46% were Medicare insured. The absolute number of STEMI discharges declined from 299,441 in 2002 to 167,929 in 2010 (Figure). The number of hospitals performing zero STEMI-related PCIs decreased from 75% (3633/4840) to 68% (3514/5134) between 2002 and 2010. The number of high volume centers increased from 20% (949/4840) to 24% (1235/4840) over the same period. Overall, 64% (1,145,196/1,783,825) of discharges received PCI and 8.5% (151,528/1,783,825) died during hospitalization. PCI use increased and mortality decreased over time (Figure). The adjusted odds of PCI use for STEMI discharges increased over three fold during the study period (OR 3.51 in 2010 versus 2002, 95% CI 3.21 to 3.83). The adjusted odds of death decreased by one fifth (OR 0.81 in 2010 versus 2002, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.87). Inclusion of PCI in the model attenuated the effect of year on death (OR 1.06 in 2010 versus 2002, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.14). Conclusions: In this study we demonstrate favorable trends in STEMI outcomes. Between 2002 and 2010, the absolute number of STEMIs in the US decreased, while more hospitals provided PCI for STEMI. Over time, more discharges were treated with PCI and fewer died during hospitalization.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

An Analysis of Fraudulent Qui Tam Actions Over Time in the United States

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Fitzner ◽  
Charlie Bennett ◽  
June McKoy ◽  
Cara Tigue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Over Time

The New Economic Populism and the Future of Inequality in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Franko ◽  
Christopher Witko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Time

The authors conclude the book by recapping their arguments and empirical results, and discussing the possibilities for the “new economic populism” to promote egalitarian economic outcomes in the face of continuing gridlock and the dominance of Washington, DC’s policymaking institutions by business and the wealthy, and a conservative Republican Party. Many states are actually addressing inequality now, and these policies are working. Admittedly, many states also continue to embrace the policies that have contributed to growing inequality, such as tax cuts for the wealthy or attempting to weaken labor unions. But as the public grows more concerned about inequality, the authors argue, policies that help to address these income disparities will become more popular, and policies that exacerbate inequality will become less so. Over time, if history is a guide, more egalitarian policies will spread across the states, and ultimately to the federal government.

scholarly journals Thirty-Day Laboratory-Based Surveillance for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin C. Pereira ◽  
Kristin M. Shaw ◽  
Paula M. Snippes Vagnone ◽  
Jane E. Harper ◽  
Alexander J. Kallen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a growing problem in the United States. We explored the feasibility of active laboratory-based surveillance of CRE in a metropolitan area not previously considered to be an area of CRE endemicity. We provide a framework to address CRE surveillance and to monitor changes in the incidence of CRE infection over time.

scholarly journals Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xinyue Ye ◽  
Steven Manson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

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