Pengaruh Eksitasi Gelombang Iradiasi Ultrasonik Terhadap Kadar Tanin pada Maserasi Biji Pinang Wangi

Nagari Sikucua, Kampung Dalam Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman produces nearly 800 tons of fragrant areca nut every year which is sent to Jambi to meet export needs. Areca nut contains tannins, substances that have many benefits, some of which are anti-inflammatory, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants. This study aims to obtain tannins in areca nut extract through a kinetic maceration process with pre-treatment with ultrasonic irradiation wave. The dried areca nut was ground and sieved with various sizes of 20, 40 and 70 mesh and then extracted with ethanol as solvent. The concentration of ethanol used consisted of 35%, 50%, 65% and 80%. Ultrasonic irradiation waves were given for the initial 15 minutes of maceration and then continued with kinetic maceration for up to 4 hours in a water bath at 45°C. The extraction results were concentrated in a rotary evaporator and then tested for tannin levels using Follin Denish reagent in the standard series of tannic acid as a comparison with spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The highest yield of tannin content 11.10% was obtained in the 4-hour maceration process with pre-treatment ultrasonic irradiation at concentration of 80% ethanol with a size of 40 mesh.

Lemniscate-like constants and infinite series

We introduce lemniscate-like constants by “twisting” the standard series expansions of the classical lemniscate constants via harmonic-type factors in the summand. Closed-form evaluations for these constants are established, and are then utilized to construct alternate proofs of summation formulae obtained recently via coefficient-extraction techniques applied to Kummer’s classical hypergeometric identity.

Atemwegsallergien: Schimmelpilz-Sensibilisierungen bei Asthma-Patienten in Betracht ziehen

<b>Background:</b> Fungal spores are ubiquitous allergens. Severe forms of asthma are particularly highly associated with fungal sensitization. National and international asthma guidelines recommend the implementation of allergen immunotherapy if indicated. Thus, detection and treatment of relevant allergies are key components of primary care of these patients. <b>Objectives:</b> The aims of the study were (i) to investigate trends in the prevalence of sensitization to twelve fungi in central Germany over the last 20 years and (ii) to dissect specific sensitization patterns among the 3 most important fungi: <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>. <b>Methods:</b> This single-center study evaluated skin prick test (SPT) results of 3,358 patients with suspected airway allergies over a period of 20 years (1998–2017). <b>Results:</b> While 19.2% of all study patients had positive test results to at least 1 of the 3 fungi (<i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, or <i>Cladosporium</i>) in the first study decade, this rate increased to 22.5% in the second decade. Slight increases in sensitization rates to almost all fungi were observed over the 20-year period. In the last decade, polysensitization to <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>increased significantly. Sensitization to fungi is age-dependent and peaks in the age-group of 21–40 years during the second decade. <b>Conclusion:</b> Fungi are relevant allergens for perennial and seasonal allergy symptoms. We currently recommend including <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>in the standard series of SPTs for airway allergies.

Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

We describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

Sensitization against Fungi in Patients with Airway Allergies over 20 Years in Germany

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Fungal spores are ubiquitous allergens. Severe forms of asthma are particularly highly associated with fungal sensitization. National and international asthma guidelines recommend the implementation of allergen immunotherapy if indicated. Thus, detection and treatment of relevant allergies are key components of primary care of these patients. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aims of the study were (i) to investigate trends in the prevalence of sensitization to twelve fungi in central Germany over the last 20 years and (ii) to dissect specific sensitization patterns among the 3 most important fungi: <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i>. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center study evaluated skin prick test (SPT) results of 3,358 patients with suspected airway allergies over a period of 20 years (1998–2017). <b><i>Results:</i></b> While 19.2% of all study patients had positive test results to at least 1 of the 3 fungi (<i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, or <i>Cladosporium</i>) in the first study decade, this rate increased to 22.5% in the second decade. Slight increases in sensitization rates to almost all fungi were observed over the 20-year period. In the last decade, polysensitization to <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i> increased significantly. Sensitization to fungi is age-dependent and peaks in the age-group of 21–40 years during the second decade. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Fungi are relevant allergens for perennial and seasonal allergy symptoms. We currently recommend including <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Cladosporium</i> in the standard series of SPTs for airway allergies.

ETIOLOGY OF CONTACT DERMATITIS ON FACE IN INDIAN PATIENTS

Introduction: Facial contact dermatitis has exponentially increased in the past decade because of the freely available over the counter topical medications and the innumerable cosmetics. Patch testing is still the gold standard for diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: To elicit the patterns and specic allergens causing facial dermatitis on face in Indian patients. 50 patients of predominantly facial dermatitis with Materials and methods: suspected contact dermatitis (CD) were taken up for patch testing. The patients were tested with the Indian standard series (ISS) and Indian cosmetic series and the results were read at 48 and 96 hours. Repeated open application test (ROAT) was performed with the suspected allergens in 33 patients, and the results were read on Days 2, 4, and 7 using the Johansen's Modied scale. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 years with M: F ratio of 3:7. The mean duration of the complaints was 20 months, while the mean duration of exposure to the implicated allergen was 10.6 years. Patch test with ISS and cosmetic series were positive in 34% of people with 4-Phenylenediamine base PPD (1%) being the most common allergen in 14 patients. ROAT was positive in 18 patients, out of which 78% were patch test negative. Patch test has stood the test of Discussion: time as an invaluable diagnostic aid in patients with dermatitis. Sindoor dermatitis is a commonly encountered ACD in our clinics but the implicated allergens are not a part of ISS or cosmetic series. In our study, ROAT was positive in 8 patients of sindoor dermatitis who were patch test negative. Thus, ROAT should also be ideally be performed in these patients.

EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF RECONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF MASS SERIES BY VALUE INDICATORS

Possible solutions for reconstruction of residential buildings of standard series are considered. The analysis of studies on the reconstruction of buildings in the world practice is conducted. The existing methods of technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the reconstruction of apartment buildings are analyzed. Using the example of the housing stock of the Tambov region, a study of the values of the technical and economic indicators of the space-planning solution of the building was carried out; the cost estimation of reconstruction with the construction of superstructures or extensions to the building was made in order to find the most optimal solution.