scholarly journals Prospective longitudinal study of frailty transitions in a community-dwelling cohort of older adults with cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Sian Chong ◽  
Laura Tay ◽  
Mark Chan ◽  
Wee Shiong Lim ◽  
Ruijing Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Orientation and verbal fluency in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: modifiable risk factors for falls?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Smith ◽  
S. R. Neal ◽  
G. Peryer ◽  
K. J. Sheehan ◽  
M. P. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the relationship between falls and deficits in specific cognitive domains in older adults.Design:An analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort.Setting:United Kingdom community-based.Participants:5197 community-dwelling older adults recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study.Measurements:Data on the occurrence of falls and number of falls, which occurred during a 12-month follow-up period, were assessed against the specific cognitive domains of memory, numeracy skills, and executive function. Binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between each cognitive domain and the dichotomous outcome of falls in the preceding 12 months using unadjusted and adjusted models.Results:Of the 5197 participants included in the analysis, 1308 (25%) reported a fall in the preceding 12 months. There was no significant association between the occurrence of a fall and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for self-reported hearing, self-reported eyesight, and functional performance. After adjustment, only orientation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) and verbal fluency (adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; p = 0.05) remained significant for predicting recurrent falls.Conclusions:The cognitive phenotype rather than cognitive impairmentper semay predict future falls in those presenting with more than one fall.

Accelerated sarcopenia and outcomes in older adults with cancer: The Health ABC Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11526-11526
Author(s):  
Grant Richard Williams ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Kelly Kenzik ◽  
Andrew Michael McDonald ◽  
Shlomit S. Shachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

11526 Background: Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is a well-known phenomenon of aging; however, little is known about the contribution of a cancer diagnosis to sarcopenia and its subsequent impact on disability. Using a prospective cohort of older adults from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis and a similarly-followed non-cancer cohort, we examined the trajectory of sarcopenia measures and their association with overall survival (OS) and major disability among those with cancer. Methods: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective longitudinal study where 3,075 community-dwelling older adults (70-79y) underwent 6 annual assessments of body composition and were followed for development of sentinel events (cancer, disability, death). Appendicular lean mass (ALM [kg]) was a sum of DXA-based lean tissue of all extremities. Hand grip strength (HGS [kg]) was averaged from 2 trials per hand. Gait speed (GS) was evaluated over a 20m course. We used linear mixed effect models to compare the change in ALM, HGS, and GS between individuals who subsequently developed cancer and those who did not, adjusting for age, race, gender, enrollment site. Among patients with cancer, we used multivariable cox regression for time from cancer diagnosis to mortality and major disability (cane/walker, inability to walk 0.25 mile/climb 10 steps, assistance with activities of daily living) treating sarcopenia measures as time-varying covariates. Results: Mean age at enrollment was 75y; 52% female; 42% black; 515 new cancers (prostate: 23%, colorectal: 15%, lung: 13%, breast: 11%). Compared with non-cancer controls, we found significantly steeper declines in HGS ( p= 0.03) and GS ( p< 0.001), and a trend in ALM ( p= 0.07) prior to cancer diagnosis; and a significantly steeper decline in ALM ( p< 0.001), but no difference in HGS ( p= 0.6) or GS ( p= 0.4) after cancer diagnosis. Slow GS was associated with a 44% increase in mortality ( p= 0.02) and a 70% increase in disability ( p= 0.02), but not ALM or HGS. Conclusions: Accelerated loss in sarcopenia measures both prior to and after a cancer diagnosis, and association with disability and mortality in older adults with cancer, present opportunities for targeted interventions.

scholarly journals The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with the onset of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in men

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M Dallosso ◽  
Ruth J Matthews ◽  
Catherine W McGrother ◽  
Madeleine MK Donaldson ◽  
Chris Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Urinary Symptoms ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

AbstractObjective:To investigate associations between diet and non-dietary lifestyle factors and the onset of overactive bladder (OAB) in men.Subjects:Random sample of community-dwelling men aged 40 years plus.Design and methods: Baseline data on urinary symptoms and diet were collected from 5454 men using a postal questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire. Follow-up data on urinary symptoms were collected from 4887 men in a postal survey one year later. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate diet and lifestyle factors associated with onset of OAB in the men without OAB at baseline.Results:There was a highly significant negative association between beer intake at baseline and subsequent OAB onset (P = 0.001), with reduced risk at all levels of intake compared with those who seldom/never drank beer. Adjustment for total alcohol intake (g ethanol day−1) reduced the significance of the association (P = 0.02). None of the food groups studied was associated with OAB onset, with the possible exception of potatoes (P = 0.05), which showed an increased risk of onset at the highest level of consumption. Physical activity, smoking and obesity were not significantly associated.Conclusions:While most diet and lifestyle factors were not associated with OAB onset, the evidence from this prospective longitudinal study suggests that beer may have a protective role in the development of OAB. This could be due to a non-alcoholic ingredient as well as the alcohol content.

Depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction increase the risk of cognitive impairment: analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: Geriatric depression complicates cognitive health in older adults. This study aims to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults, depending on whether cognitive dysfunction accompanied. Design: A community-based longitudinal cohort study. Setting: This study analyzed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from 2006 to 2018. Participants: Among 10,254 individuals who were registered in the KLoSA study, a total of 9119 subjects met the criteria, and 4547 subjects were included in the final analysis. The subjects were grouped into 4 categories based on depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction at baseline assessment: “normal control” (NC, n = 3341), “depression only” (Dep-only, n = 652), “cognitive dysfunction only” (CD-only, n = 393), and “depression with cognitive dysfunction” (Dep-CD, n = 161). Measurements: Cognitive impairment 10 years later was defined as K-MMSE scores below two percentile on demographically adjusted norms. Results: Ten-year survival, that is, not experiencing cognitive impairment, was 80 $$ \pm \,$$ 1% in NC group, 72 $$ \pm $$ 2% in Dep-only group, 52 $$ \pm $$ 3% in CD-only group, and 44 $$ \pm $$ 5% in Dep-CD group. The hazard ratio (HR) of the Dep-only group (HR = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.97–1.43, n.s.) did not differ from that of the NC group, but the HR of the Dep-CD group was significantly higher (HR = 2.85, 95% CI, 2.23–3.66, p < 0.001) than the NC group. When the Dep-CD group was compared to the CD-only group, the HR was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.85–1.49, n.s.), which indicates that it did not significantly differ from the CD-only group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, cognitive dysfunction occurring with depressive symptoms is as much a risk for cognitive impairment as is pure cognitive dysfunction. Thus, healthcare providers should pay close attention to the community-dwelling elderly when depressive symptoms occur with cognitive dysfunction.

Preservation of the Semantic Verbal Fluency Advantage in a Large Population-Based Sample: Normative Data from the TILDA Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisin M. Vaughan ◽  
Robert F. Coen ◽  
RoseAnne Kenny ◽  
Brian A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Discrepancy Scores ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectives: It is widely believed that phonemic fluency is more difficult than naming exemplars from a semantic category. Normative data in this regard are scarce, and there is considerable disagreement in the literature regarding the pattern in normal ageing and neurodegenerative conditions. Our objective was to provide normative data for semantic phonemic discrepancy scores from a large sample of older adults. Methods: A total of 5780 community-dwelling older adults were included in this prospective, longitudinal study. Discrepancy scores were calculated by subtracting phonemic fluency score from semantic fluency score for each participant. Quantile regression was used to estimate normative values stratified for age. Results: Subjects did better on testing of semantic fluency. The average discrepancy score was 9.18±6.89 words, (range, −20 to 37; n=5780). At the fiftieth percentile, those in their fifth decade produced 10 more “animals” than “letter F” words. Subjects scored one word less per decade, with an average of seven more “animal” words produced by those in their eighth decade. Conclusions: Our study is the first to provide normative data and confirms that, for animal versus letter F fluency, the semantic advantage persists into later life in a population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults. Given that a majority of clinical samples have confirmed a reverse of this pattern in Alzheimer’s dementia (i.e., loss of semantic advantage in Alzheimer’s disease, yielding a phonemic advantage), our findings support the clinical utility of brief fluency tests and encourage further research into their use in diagnosis and prediction of progression to dementia. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–7)

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