Age and sex distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and rifampicin resistance in Myanmar as detected by Xpert MTB/RIF

Abstract Background Detection of tuberculosis disease (TB) and timely identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains that are resistant to treatment are key to halting tuberculosis transmission, improving treatment outcomes, and reducing mortality. Methods We used 332,657 Xpert MTB/RIF assay results, captured as part of the Myanmar Data Utilization Project, to characterize Mtb test positivity and rifampicin resistance by both age and sex, and to evaluate risk factors associated with rifampicin resistance. Results Overall, 70% of individuals diagnosed with TB were males. Test positivity was higher among males (47%) compared to females (39%). The highest positivity by age occurred among individuals aged 16–20, with test positivity for females (65%) higher than for males (57%). Although a greater absolute number of males were rifampicin resistant, a greater proportion of females (11.4%) were rifampicin resistant as compared to males (9.3%). In the multivariate model, history of previous treatment, age less than 30, testing in the Yangon region, and female sex were significantly positively associated with rifampicin resistance after adjusting for HIV status and year test was performed. Conclusions Our results indicate that young adults were more likely to test positive for TB and be identified as rifampicin resistant compared to older adults.

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Pre-Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Causing Fatal Enteric Disease in a Dog from a Family with History of Human Tuberculosis

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.12513 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. e4-e7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. G. Ribeiro ◽

M. C. F. Lima ◽

M. M. J. Franco ◽

J. Megid ◽

L. M. Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Enteric Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

History Of

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Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/004947559302300107 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 13-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Javaid Khan ◽

Najmul Islam ◽

Nadya Ajanee ◽

Wasim Jafri

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Primary Resistance ◽

Secondary Resistance ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

And Control

We determined the primary and secondary resistance of isolates of M. tuberculosis to the standard anti-tuberculous drugs in Karachi (Pakistan). Primary resistance to one or more anti-tuberculous drugs was found in 17% of 123 isolates of M. tuberculosis (obtained from patients with no history of previous treatment for tuberculosis). Secondary resistance was found in 36% of 33 isolates (obtained from individuals who had received anti-tuberculous treatment in the past). The drug to which organisms were most commonly resistant was isoniazid (11% primary resistance, 30% secondary resistance). Fifteen per cent of isolates obtained from previously-studied patients showed secondary resistance to rifampicin. We discuss the importance of these findings for tuberculosis treatment and control.

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Acute Inflammation Confers Enhanced Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.00016-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tucker J. Piergallini ◽

Julia M. Scordo ◽

Paula A. Pino ◽

Larry S. Schlesinger ◽

Jordi B. Torrelles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Content Type ◽

High Level ◽

Tuberculosis Disease

Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis disease, is estimated to infect one-fourth of the world’s population and is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. The high-level variability in tuberculosis disease responses in the human populace may be linked to immune processes related to inflammation.

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CASE REPORT ON A RARE NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN HIV PATIENT

10.36106/ijsr/4105568 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

K. Shivaraju ◽

Mandhala Saikrishna

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Neurological Complication ◽

Transverse Myelitis ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

History Of

LETM is rarely caused by tuberculosis infection. LETM is a contiguous immune-mediated inammatory lesion of the spinal cord that extends to three or more segments of spinal cord. Here we presenting a case of 55 years old female patient with known HIV infection and no history of tuberculosis infection admitted in the hospital with complains of sudden onset of asymmetrical weakness of lower limbs and urinary incontinence from four days. on evaluation she was underwent some series of investigations, in that nally diagnosed with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis due to tuberculosis infection. Then patient was treated with ART and ATT with steroids and supportive treatment along with physiotherapy. after some days patient condition was gradually improving with treatment and discharged, advised physiotherapy daily and followup on OPD basis. So based on this case report, we recommend that clinicians should suspect mycobacterium tuberculosis infection when patient diagnosed with transverse myelitis

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Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Children

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.03043-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1434-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

James J. Dunn ◽

Jeffrey R. Starke ◽

Paula A. Revell

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Content Type ◽

Advanced Technologies ◽

Tuberculosis In Children ◽

Immunodiagnostic Tests ◽

Tuberculosis Disease

Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is challenging; even with advanced technologies, the diagnosis is often difficult to confirm microbiologically in part due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. Clinical diagnosis lacks standardization, and traditional and molecular microbiologic methods lack sensitivity, particularly in children. Immunodiagnostic tests may improve sensitivity, but these tests cannot distinguish tuberculosis disease from latent infection and some lack specificity. While molecular tools like Xpert MTB/RIF have advanced our ability to detectMycobacterium tuberculosisand to determine antimicrobial resistance, decades old technologies remain the standard in most locales. Today, the battle against this ancient disease still poses one of the primary diagnostic challenges in pediatric laboratory medicine.

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Self-clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: implications for lifetime risk and population at-risk of tuberculosis disease

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2020.1635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 288 (1943) ◽

pp. 20201635

Author(s):

Jon C. Emery ◽

Alexandra S. Richards ◽

Katie D. Dale ◽

C. Finn McQuaid ◽

Richard G. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Lifetime Risk ◽

Substantial Evidence ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Uncertainty Interval ◽

Population At Risk ◽

China And Japan ◽

Tuberculosis Disease

Background : it is widely assumed that individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection remain at lifelong risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, there is substantial evidence that self-clearance of Mtb infection can occur. We infer a curve of self-clearance by time since infection and explore its implications for TB epidemiology. Methods and findings : data for self-clearance were inferred using post-mortem and tuberculin-skin-test reversion studies. A cohort model allowing for self-clearance was fitted in a Bayesian framework before estimating the lifetime risk of TB disease and the population infected with Mtb in India, China and Japan in 2019. We estimated that 24.4% (17.8–32.6%, 95% uncertainty interval (UI)) of individuals self-clear within 10 years of infection, and 73.1% (64.6–81.7%) over a lifetime. The lifetime risk of TB disease was 17.0% (10.9–22.5%), compared to 12.6% (10.1–15.0%) assuming lifelong infection. The population at risk of TB disease in India, China and Japan was 35–80% (95% UI) smaller in the self-clearance scenario. Conclusions : the population with a viable Mtb infection may be markedly smaller than generally assumed, with such individuals at greater risk of TB disease. The ability to identify these individuals could dramatically improve the targeting of preventive programmes and inform TB vaccine development, bringing TB elimination within reach of feasibility.

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The zoonotic importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis : transmission from human to monkey : case report

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v69i2.819 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A.L. Michel ◽

H.F.A.K. Huchzermeyer

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Companion Animal ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Tuberculosis Transmission ◽

Genomic Typing

A case of zoonotic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is reported. Genomic typing of the relevant M. tuberculosis isolates strongly suggests that the marmoset, which was kept as companion animal, acquired the disease from an infected member in the household who had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis 8 years prior to this case.

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