Relationship between body mass index and family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting style among African migrant parents and children in Victoria, Australia: a parent-child dyad study

BackgroundA high maternal prepregnancy body mass index has been associated with lower offspring IQ, but it is unclear if the relationship is causal. To explore this, our objectives were to compare maternal and paternal estimates and to assess whether certain factors mediate the association.MethodsWe analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, which initially recruited 14 541 women residing in Avon, UK, with an expected date of delivery in 1991–1992. Data were collected during and after pregnancy by questionnaire, medical record abstraction and clinical assessment. At approximately 8 years of age, psychologists administered an abbreviated form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. We fit multivariable logistic regression models to estimate parental prepregnancy obesity and overweight–offspring IQ associations. Counterfactually defined indirect (mediated) effects of maternal prepregnancy obesity on offspring IQ were estimated through path analysis.ResultsAmong 4324 mother–father–child triads and using normal weight as the referent, we observed consistently stronger associations for maternal prepregnancy obesity and offspring performance IQ (eg, adjusted β (95% CI)=−3.4 (−5.7 to −1.2) vs −0.97 (−2.9 to 0.96) for paternal obesity). The indirect effects of maternal obesity on offspring IQ through pathways involving gestational weight gain and duration of breastfeeding were small but significant.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with a weak biologic effect of maternal adiposity in pregnancy on offspring performance IQ. Given the growing prevalence of obesity worldwide, more evidence is needed to resolve the correlation versus causation debate in this area.

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Assessment of body image in preschoolers: Perception of parents and children / Valoración de la imagen corporal en preescolares: Percepción de padres e hijos

Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.2.540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 208-220

Author(s):

Rosalia Vazquez-Arevalo ◽

Alberto Rodríguez Nabor ◽

Xochitl López Aguilar ◽

Juan Manuel Mancilla-Díaz

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Image ◽

Body Mass ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Body Perception ◽

Parents And Children ◽

And Gender ◽

The One

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the body perception (BP) of preschoolers and compare it with the one reported by their parents. A total of 48 preschoolers participated (Mage = 5 years, SD = 0.5), 21 boys, 27 girls, and their parents (47 fathers and 48 mothers). The children were weighed and measured, also they answered the instrument Seven Figures of Collins (SFC) and seven questions about food, beauty and health. The parents answered the Body Image Questionnaire, the Stunkard Figures, as well as the SFCs to identify the real (RF) and ideal figure(IF) of their children. When children described themselves, they mostly referred the normal figure, coinciding with their parents. A very small proportion of preschoolers perceived themselves with obesity (around 29-30%); while any parent identified their children with obesity. 50% of preschoolers chose thinner silhouettes than their body mass index (BMI), but not emaciated. For RF, most parents chose normal weight for boys and light overweight for girls; for IF parents chose, for both sexes, the one with light overweight. In conclusion, the preschool BP disagreed between reality and perception, regardless of their BMI and gender. The parents also did not have an adequate BP for their children. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la percepción corporal (PC) de preescolares y compararla con la que sus padres tienen de ellos. Participaron 48 preescolares (Medad = 5 años, DE = 0.5), 21 niños y 27 niñas, y sus padres (47 papás y 48 mamás). Los niños fueron pesados y medidos, contestaron el instrumento Siete Figuras de Collins (SFC) y, con relación a éste, siete preguntas sobre alimentación, belleza y salud. A los padres se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal, las Figuras de Stunkard, además de las SFC para que identificaran la figura real (FR) e ideal (FI) de sus hijos. Para describirse, los preescolares refirieron mayormente la figura normopeso, coincidiendo con sus padres. Fue mínima la proporción de preescolares que se percibieron con obesidad (presente en 29-30%); mientras que ningún padre la identificó en sus hijos. El 50% de los preescolares eligió siluetas más delgadas a su índice de masa corporal (IMC), pero no emaciadas. Como FR, la mayoría de los padres eligió la normopeso para los niños y con sobrepeso ligero para las niñas; como FI eligieron, para ambos sexos, aquélla con sobrepeso ligero. En conclusión, la PC del preescolar discrepó entre la real y la percibida, independientemente de su IMC y sexo. Los padres tampoco tuvieron una adecuada PC de sus hijos.

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Polygenic Score for Body Mass Index Is Associated with Disordered Eating in a General Population Cohort

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9041187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽

Moritz Herle ◽

Bianca L. De Stavola ◽

Christopher Hübel ◽

Diana L. Santos Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Body Mass ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Polygenic Scores

Background: Disordered eating (DE) is common and is associated with body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether genetic variants for BMI were associated with DE. Methods: BMI polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated for participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 8654) and their association with DE tested. Data on DE behaviors (e.g., binge eating and compensatory behaviors) were collected at ages 14, 16, 18 years, and DE cognitions (e.g., body dissatisfaction) at 14 years. Mediation analyses determined whether BMI mediated the association between the BMI-PGS and DE. Results: The BMI-PGS was positively associated with fasting (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.61), binge eating (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.46), purging (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42), body dissatisfaction (Beta = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.22), restrained eating (Beta = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.10, 1.17), emotional eating (Beta = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.052, 0.38), and negatively associated with thin ideal internalization (Beta = −0.15, 95% CI = −0.23, −0.07) and external eating (Beta = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.30, −0.09). These associations were mainly mediated by BMI. Conclusions: Genetic variants associated with BMI are also associated with DE. This association was mediated through BMI suggesting that weight potentially sits on the pathway from genetic liability to DE.

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Body Mass Index And Activity Level Of Parents And Children

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200505001-00134 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S21

Author(s):

Brandi Eveland ◽

Stephanie Otto ◽

Jennifer Caputo

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Activity Level ◽

Parents And Children

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Body Mass Index And Activity Level Of Parents And Children

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200505001-00134 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S21

Author(s):

Brandi Eveland ◽

Stephanie Otto ◽

Jennifer Caputo

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Activity Level ◽

Parents And Children

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The Importance of Perspective in Parent-Child Interpretations of Family Communication Patterns

Journalism Quarterly ◽

10.1177/107769909307000308 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 558-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Erica Weintraub Austin

Keyword(s):

Family Communication ◽

Mass Communication ◽

Communication Patterns ◽

Family Communication Patterns ◽

Age Related ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

Parent Child

Parents and children surveyed make some different associations among family communication variables. Results support the hypothesis that involvement is more salient than other aspects of family communication for children, and that age-related changes in communication perceptions may reflect differences in what is relevant or salient about family communication for children as they mature. This has many implications for the study of mass communication uses and effects.

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Influence of Parenting Style on Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211045528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110455

Author(s):

Corey A. Selland ◽

Emily C. Huber-Johnson ◽

Mary Bowne ◽

Jessica R. Meendering

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Authoritative Parenting ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

And Gender ◽

Authoritative Parenting Style

The purpose of the current study was to determine the influence of parenting style on body mass index (BMI) percentile, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST) in children. Accelerometers were used to assess PA and ST in 152 fifth-grade children. Parenting style was assessed by the child participants’ responses to modified questions from the Parenting Style Inventory II and dichotomized as authoritative or non-authoritative. Multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to identify significant predictors of outcomes of interest. Parenting style did not predict ST or any intensity of PA; however, BMI percentile and gender were significant predictors of moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA ( P < .01). BMI percentile was predicted to be lower in females with authoritative mothers ( P < .01). While authoritative and non-authoritative parenting style did not predict objectively measured PA or ST in early adolescents, authoritative parenting style did predict BMI percentile in female participants.

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Patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks among parent-child dyads

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21160/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Thomson ◽

Erin Hennessy ◽

Alicia Landry ◽

Melissa Goodman

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Latent Class ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Authority ◽

Junk Food ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

Parent Child

Abstract Background: Children’s food preference and intake patterns are affected by parental child feeding practices. The objective of this study was to determine patterns of food parenting practices regarding junk food and sugary drinks (JS) and to investigate their associations with demographic characteristics and dietary intake in a large cohort of parents and their children (12-17 years). Methods: Dyadic survey data from the cross-sectional, internet-based Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study, conducted in 2014, were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify patterns of use for six JS parenting practices – negative emotions, restriction, monitoring, availability, modeling, and child involvement – based on both parent and child report. Model covariates included self-reported parent sex, body mass index, added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority; and self-reported child age, sex, body mass index percentile, added sugars intake, and legitimacy of parental authority. Results: Based on 1,657 parent-child dyads, five latent classes were identified – Complete Influencers (28%), Indifferent Influencers (21%), Negative Influencers (20%), Minimal Influencers (18%), and Disagreeing Influencers (13%). Compared to older child dyads, younger child dyads had 79% and 63% lower odds of belonging to Indifferent and Minimal Influencers versus Complete Influencers. Odds of belonging to Indifferent and Negative Influencers were 4% and 5% higher for every teaspoon increase in parent added sugars intake while odds for Minimal Influencers were 6% lower for every teaspoon increase in child added sugars intake versus Complete Influencers. Dyads with low compared to high parental and child agreement with legitimacy of parental authority regarding JS had between 2 and 26 times the odds of belonging to one of the other classes versus Complete Influencers. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of feeding practices related to JS ranging from use of many practices, use of some practices, to low use of any practice, with differential associations with parent and child intakes of added sugars. Counseling or intervening with parents to use a mix of structure practices to positively influence their child’s and possibly their own intake of sugary snacks and drinks may prove more efficacious than use of coercive control practices.

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