scholarly journals Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haylock ◽  
Talia Boshari ◽  
Emma C. Alexander ◽  
Ameeta Kumar ◽  
Logan Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10–24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK. Systematic review registration number CRD42019138545. Registered at PROSPSERO: 16/08/2019.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haylock ◽  
Talia Boshari ◽  
Emma C Alexander ◽  
Ameeta Kumar ◽  
Logan Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK. Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42019138545Registered at PROSPSERO: 16/08/2019

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haylock ◽  
Talia Boshari ◽  
Emma C Alexander ◽  
Ameeta Kumar ◽  
Logan Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK. Trial Registration Number: CRD42019138545Registered at PROPSERO: 16/08/2019

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haylock ◽  
Talia Boshari ◽  
Emma C Alexander ◽  
Ameeta Kumar ◽  
Logan Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods: The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model.Results: No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions: Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haylock ◽  
Talia Boshari ◽  
Emma Alexander ◽  
Ameeta Kumar ◽  
Logan Manikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with birth asphyxia among neonates delivered in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255488
Author(s):  
Ritbano Ahmed ◽  
Hassen Mosa ◽  
Mohammed Sultan ◽  
Shamill Eanga Helill ◽  
Biruk Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background A number of primary studies in Ethiopia address the prevalence of birth asphyxia and the factors associated with it. However, variations were seen among those studies. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence and explore the factors that contribute to birth asphyxia in Ethiopia. Methods Different search engines were used to search online databases. The databases include PubMed, HINARI, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Relevant grey literature was obtained through online searches. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias, and the I-squared was applied to check the heterogeneity of the studies. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that were conducted in Ethiopia were also be included. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies and was included in this systematic review. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 14. Result After reviewing 1,125 studies, 26 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of birth asphyxia in Ethiopia was 19.3%. In the Ethiopian context, the following risk factors were identified: Antepartum hemorrhage(OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.1), premature rupture of membrane(OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 12.4, 6.6), primiparas(OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.9, 4.1), prolonged labor(OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.8, 6.6), maternal anaemia(OR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.59, 9.94), low birth weight(OR = 5.6; 95%CI: 4.7,6.7), meconium stained amniotic fluid(OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 4.1, 7.5), abnormal presentation(OR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.8, 8.3), preterm birth(OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.9, 5.8), residing in a rural area (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.5), caesarean delivery(OR = 4.4; 95% CI:3.1, 6.2), operative vaginal delivery(OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.7), preeclampsia(OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 7.4), tight nuchal cord OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 2.1, 5.6), chronic hypertension(OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.8), and unable to write and read (OR = 4.2;95%CI: 1.7, 10.6). Conclusion According to the findings of this study, birth asphyxia is an unresolved public health problem in the Ethiopia. Therefore, the concerned body needs to pay attention to the above risk factors in order to decrease the country’s birth asphyxia. Review registration PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020165283).

Leaving School Early – and Making It!

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schoon ◽  
Kathryn Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Leaving school early is generally associated with relative poor adult outcomes, as indicated by relative low social status, reduced earnings, and poor mental health. Yet, not all young people leaving school early are failing to make it. Some are able to find continuous employment and achieve financial independence. Comparing the experiences of two British Birth cohorts born in 1958 and 1970, respectively, this study examines the trajectories of young people leaving school early, and identifies factors associated with a successful transition, that is achieving financial independence. The study comprises 11,219 individuals born in 1958 and 9,541 born in 1970 following their lives from childhood into adulthood. While the majority of young people born in 1958 left school at age 16 to enter the labor market, increasing numbers of young people born in 1970 are participating in further and higher education. In both cohorts those young people who left school early and who succeeded in reaching financial independence by age 34 showed higher school motivation than those who failed to make it. The findings highlight the importance of building up positive attitudes for learning among children and their parents, as these factors have long-term beneficial effects, even for those who are leaving school early. Moreover, the role of macro-economic circumstances has to be acknowledged for a better understanding of variation in transition experiences in times of social change.

scholarly journals Universal and Selective Interventions to Prevent Poor Mental Health Outcomes in Young People: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-215
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo ◽  
Andrea De Micheli ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
Dominic Oliver ◽  
Ana Catalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes

A systematic review of service transitions in people with ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
F. McNicholas ◽  
M. Tatlow-Golden ◽  
B. Gavin ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Transition Boundary ◽  
Low Rate

BackgroundYoung people (YP) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are recognized to be a group who are particularly vulnerable to falling through the gap regarding transitioning from Child and Adolescent Mental health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS). This presentation will combine a systematic review of the literature with some clinical examples of the pathway for a number of YP with ADHD who reach the transition boundary (TB).Method(1) Databases (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge), and grey literature, were searched systematically with database-specific key words, variants and truncations, to cover six subject areas: ADHD; transition or transfer; age; experiences or views; service development; and policies or protocols. Hand searching of key journals, ancestry and forward searches of references, and expert consultation were conducted. Two reviewers critically evaluated studies using a validated appraisal tool for mixed methodologies and findings were synthesized. (2) Following ethical approval, CAMHS clinicians from 9 clinics in Republic of Ireland identified all cases where a YP with ADHD had reached the TB, and identified referral/service outcomes (n = 20).ResultsThe search yielded 27 studies, covering areas of service review and recommendations (7), guidelines (3), medication (5), case note audit (3), professional's views (5), pilot transition clinics (2). A further set of papers covered the perspective of the young person (4) and parent (2). Overall these highlighted the less than optimum experience by both clinicians and service users of the experience with suggestions for future developments. These findings were mirrored in the review of clinical notes and individual interviews of YP identified through their CAMHS. Of the 20 young people identified, only 1 was directly transferred to AMHS. Eight were retained in CAMHS, on average for over a year. A significant number (7) refused onward referral. A perception from CAMHS clinicians, that AMHS did not accept such cases or lacked relevant service/expertise, may have contributed to the low rate of referral.ConclusionBoth the extant literature and the specific study presented highlight the lack of clear cut consensus about the appropriate management of young people with ADHD have who reach the transition boundary. Low rates of AMHS transfer may come from CAMHS clinicians’ perceptions of AMHS, and preferences of young people and families. Before assuming the very low rate of referral by CAMHS clinicians is poor practice, clinical outcomes need to be identified, young people's reasons for refusing transfer explored and service options identified.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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