scholarly journals Trends and determinants of vaccination among children aged 06–59 months in Bangladesh: country representative survey from 1993 to 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moyazzem Hossain ◽  
Md. Abdus Sobhan ◽  
Azizur Rahman ◽  
Sanzida Sharmin Flora ◽  
Zahida Sultana Irin
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Abstract Background Vaccination has important consequences for childhood development, mortality, and inequalities in health and well-being. This research explores the trend of vaccinations coverage from 1993 to 2014 and determines the significant factors for vaccinations coverage in Bangladesh, considering geospatial, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics. Methods This study uses a secondary dataset extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) from 1992 to 93 to 2014. The association between selected independent variables and vaccination coverage of children was examined through the Chi-square test. In addition, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression approaches were applied to determine the effects of covariates on vaccination status by using the BDHS-2014 dataset. Results The results reveal that the trend of the vaccination coverage rate has gradually been increased over the study period. The coverage rate of BCG is observed maximum while the lowest for Measles vaccination among all types of vaccinations. The findings revealed that the significantly lower coverage of all vaccination had been observed in the Sylhet region. Children of higher educated mothers (OR 10.21; CI: 4.10–25.37) and father (OR 8.71; CI: 4.03–18.80), born at health facilities (OR 4.53; CI: 2.4–8.55) and whose mother has media exposure (OR 3.20; CI: 2.22–4.60) have more chance of receiving BCG vaccine. For DPT vaccination coverage, there is a significant difference from children whose mothers have primary (OR 1.7; CI: 1.35–2.15), secondary (OR 3.5; CI: 2.75–4.45), and higher (OR 9.6; CI: 5.28–17.42) educational qualification compared to children of illiterate mothers. Findings demonstrated that children born in wealthier households have a higher likelihood of being immunized against DPT, Polio, and Measles vaccination than children born in the poorest households. Conclusions The findings reveal that to enhance and make sustainable the overall country’s vaccination coverage, we should pay more attention to the mother’s education, socioeconomic condition, children’s age, birth order number, having media exposure, place of residence, and religion. The authors think that this finding would be helpful to accelerate the achievement target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for children’s health in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination Campaign during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a Research and Teaching Hospital in Milan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Pier Mario Perrone ◽  
Giacomo Biganzoli ◽  
Maurizio Lecce ◽  
Emanuela Maria Campagnoli ◽  
Ambra Castrofino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Research And Teaching

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, more than ever, optimal influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to avoid absenteeism and disruption of health services, as well as in-hospital influenza outbreaks. The aim of this study is to analyze the 2020 influenza vaccination campaign, comparing it with the previous year’s in a research and teaching hospital in Northern Italy. Methods: adopting an approach based on combined strategies, three interventions were deployed: a promotional and educational campaign, vaccination delivery through both ad hoc and on-site ambulatories, and a gaming strategy. Personal data and professional categories were collected and analyzed using univariate logistic regression. Vaccinated HCWs were asked to fill in a questionnaire to describe their reasons for vaccination adherence. Results: the vaccination coverage rate (VCR) was 43.1%, compared to 21.5% in 2019. The highest increase was registered among administrative staff (308.3%), while physicians represent the most vaccinated category (n = 600). Moreover, residents (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.20), as well as intensive care (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.24–1.69) and newborn workers (PR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20–1.65) were, respectively, the categories most frequently vaccinated for the first time. Conclusion: the significant increase in vaccination coverage rate confirms the suitability of the combined strategy of delivering the flu vaccination campaign and represents a first step towards reaching WHO recommended vaccination rates.

scholarly journals Relationship between Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rate and COVID-19 Outbreak: An Italian Ecological Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Amato ◽  
José Pablo Werba ◽  
Beatrice Frigerio ◽  
Daniela Coggi ◽  
Daniela Sansaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Coverage Rates

Background: The lack of specific vaccines or drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants studies focusing on alternative clinical approaches to reduce the spread of this pandemic disease. In this study, we investigated whether anti-influenza vaccination plays a role in minimizing the diffusion of COVID-19 in the Italian population aged 65 and over. Methods: Four COVID-19 outcomes were used: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence, hospitalizations for COVID-19 symptoms, admissions to intensive care units for reasons related to SARS-CoV-2, and deaths attributable to COVID-19. Results: At univariate analyses, the influenza vaccination coverage rates correlated negatively with all COVID-19 outcomes (Beta ranging from −134 to −0.61; all p < 0.01). At multivariable analyses, influenza vaccination coverage rates correlated independently with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (Beta (95% C.I.): −130 (−198, −62); p = 0.001), hospitalizations for COVID-19 symptoms (Beta (95% C.I.): −4.16 (−6.27, −2.05); p = 0.001), admission to intensive care units for reasons related to SARS-CoV-2 (Beta (95% C.I.): −0.58 (−1.05, −0.12); p = 0.017), and number of deaths attributable to COVID-19 (Beta (95% C.I.): −3.29 (−5.66, −0.93); p = 0.010). The R2 observed in the unadjusted analysis increased from 82% to 159% for all the considered outcomes after multivariable analyses. Conclusions: In the Italian population, the coverage rate of the influenza vaccination in people aged 65 and over is associated with a reduced spread and a less severe clinical expression of COVID-19. This finding warrants ad hoc studies to investigate the role of influenza vaccination in preventing the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Impact of hepatitis B vaccine in Tunisia 20 years after its introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lahchaichi ◽  
M Ben Hadj ◽  
H Bouguerra ◽  
K Talmoudi ◽  
A Bahrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against hepatitis B represents the most effective preventive measure to reduce the global impact of this infection. In Tunisia hepatitis B vaccination was introduced for health professionals in 1992 and for the general population in 1995. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. Methods It was a descriptive study of data provided by the national survey of prevalence of Hepatitis B in Tunisia, which was a household-based study conducted in 2015. Blood samples sent to the reference laboratory to test markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The Vaccine effectiveness rate was calculated using the following formula: VE = 1 - Odds-ratio (OR), where OR = ratio of odds of being vaccinated among subjects with positive HBsAg test results to the odds of being vaccinated among subjects with negative HBsAg test results. Results Approximately a quarter of our population reported having been vaccinated against HBV, a coverage rate of 26.9%. Among subjects above 20 years of age, this rate was 85.3%. Besides, 83.7% of vaccinated subjects had received the three required doses of the HBV vaccine. Analysis of vaccination status by great regions of the country showed that the vaccination coverage rate was higher in the southern region. Regarding HBsAg prevalence, the rate was significantly higher among unvaccinated subjects 0.3% vs 2.2% in those vaccinated (OR = 0.11 [0.07-0.18]). We found that among vaccinated subjects, the serologic response rate at vaccination was only 63.2% which represented 16.2% of the total population. The vaccine effectiveness indicated that vaccination reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vaccination against hepatitis B introduced in the national immunization schedule since 1995 has reduced the infection although the vaccination coverage rate remains below 90%. Key messages Importance of vaccination that reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. More effort required to raise awareness about vaccination against HBV.

scholarly journals Flu vaccination coverage in a large Italian teaching hospital: the example of the leaders

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Di Pumpo ◽  
A Barbara ◽  
D I La Milia ◽  
A Tamburrano ◽  
D Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Frail Patients

Abstract Annual flu vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended to prevent influenza and to avoid its transmission especially to frail patients. In our teaching hospital, flu vaccination rate among HCWs has been growing during last 3 years. The aim of this study was therefore to describe the flu vaccination coverage across the past 3 years and to analyze which factors lead to such increase. We performed a cross-sectional study on all HCWs of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” (FPG) hospital of Rome (Italy) to determine the flu vaccination coverage. Socio-demographic and occupational data were collected from hospital personnel records and included age, gender, previous flu vaccination, profession and workplace unit. On site vaccination plus academic detailing involving leaders have been the main strategies adopted in this last 3 years that have already proved to be effective in increasing vaccination coverage among HCWs. During the 2018-2019 season, we analyzed how the flu vaccination coverage among leaders (nurse coordinators and head physicians) could affect all HCWs coverage rate. Flu vaccination rate increased from 9.57% in the 2016-17 to 14.24% in the 2017-18 and to 22.38% in 2018-2019. A total of 4035 HCWs employed in the FPG were included in 2018-19. Concerning the role played by vaccination of leaders in increasing general vaccination coverage during the 2018-2019, the group of HCWs with a vaccinated leader showed a higher coverage rate (28.65%) than the group with a non-vaccinated leader (16.22%) (p &lt; 0.0001). The results are preliminary. Flu vaccination coverage of HCWs in our hospital during the last 3 years has been increasingly higher. Vaccination of the leaders, in addition to previously implemented effective strategies, resulted to be a key factor in increasing flu vaccination coverage among all HCWs. Socio-demographic and occupational variables can significantly influence the coverage rate as well. Key messages Annual flu vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended to prevent influenza and to avoid its transmission especially to frail patients. This study shows the growing flu vaccination coverage rate in our teaching hospital and the effectiveness of the example given by the vaccinated leaders in increasing the coverage among all HCWs.

scholarly journals A comparative study of health, nutritional status, and dietary pattern of primary school going and dropout slum children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Sharmina Yeasmin ◽  
Khaleda Islam
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Health affects not only current well being and future outcomes at individual and society level but also directly reflect the efficiency of health care system and the influence of surrounding environment. This is especially nutritional status of primary school age children which influence their health, dietary habit, cognition and educational achievement.Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find and compare primary school going and dropout slum children (6-12 years) regarding their health, nutritional status and dietary pattern in four selected slums in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 100 children. Nutritional status was measured by collecting anthropometric data (height and weight) using standard techniques and analyzed according to WHO guidelinesResult: Based on WHO standard mean of Body Mass Index (BMI), the prevalence of underweight was higher among school dropout group (76%) than school going group (54%). A statistically significant difference between two groups were found regarding prevalence of stunting (P-value=0.03) and their daily dietary habits, such as, pulses (P-value=0.007), rice, fruits, milk, and meat (P-value=0.00) and fish (P-value=0.002). This study also found that parent’s education, family size, mother’s occupation, and economic status of family have an important impact on children’s education and their nutritional status.Conclusion: Low education levels are linked to poor health and low quality dietary pattern. Lower socioeconomic condition and poor knowledge of parent’s about child education and nutritional diet makes this situation more worse.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 59-63

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak in Sverdlovsk Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Skryabina ◽  
S. A. Kovyazina ◽  
S. V. Kuzmin ◽  
A. I. Yurovskikh ◽  
O. V. Tsvirkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Objective.In the Russian Federation on the background of the sporadic incidence of measles, the trend is not highly uniform distribution of morbidity on territories of the country with  the formation of local outbreaks, including the result of nosocomial  infection. Find out the causes of the outbreak, for example the  territory, for 15 years keeping and epidemic well-being in relation to  measles, high vaccination coverage in children and adults, to assess  the capacity of health care organizations and epidemiology to  prevent the spread of measles and the elimination of flash was the goal of this research.Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was held: the incidence of measles for the period 2001–2016 in the  Sverdlovskiy region ; 76 «Cards epidemiological case investigation  suspected measles», was from October to December 2016; the  analysis of the extraordinary and final reports of the measles  outbreak, reports on the activities carried out in the outbreak  of  measles. Laboratory verification of cases suspected were examined  the ELISA method in the Perm regional centre, on the basis of  detection of specific IgM and/or IgG increase. Molecular genetic  research of 15 clinical specimens were performed at the Scientific- methodical centre on supervision of measles and rubella  (Gabrichevsky Research Institute by Epidemiology & Microbiology»,  Moscow).Results.During the period c from 40 to 51 week of 2016 measles ill 76 people, mostly (66 persons) residents of the city of  Yekaterinburg. Prevailed among the infected children was 67% (51  persons), usually not vaccinated against this infection – 90% (46) of  children had a measles vaccination. All cases were laboratory  confirmed. Expected sources or place of infection was established in  90.8% of cases. Among cases and 72.4% (55 persons) amounted to  unvaccinated against measles, 11.8 per cent(9 people) were vaccinated once, of 15.8% (12) had a two-fold vaccination. In  8 hospitals was 8 foci of measles, 6 of which had spread. Among the  cases of measles identified in health facilities, 35 children and 19  adults, including 5 health workers and 3 medical students. The  formation of foci of nosocomial infection contributed to missed cases  of measles, late diagnosis, significantly reduce the effectiveness of  anti-epidemic measures. The results of molecular genetic studies of  15 clinical samples of patients selected at 42–44, and 47–49 weeks  possible to establish the circulating strains of measles virus genotype D8. Epidemiological investigations and the common genetic variant  circulating genotypes, selected at different stages of measles spread  from different foci made it possible to combine all cases in one  outbreak. Analysis of clinical manifestations of measles have testified to the fact that measles is proceeded typically in 92.2% of cases.  Eleven drifts infection in educational institutions of Ekaterinburg was not accompanied by the secondary spread, indicating good collective immunity.Conclusion.Thus, a retrospective epidemiological analysis of outbreaks of measles showed that in conditions of sporadic measles in doctors reduced vigilance against measles. Late diagnosis of measles and as a consequence of its failure to carry out anti- epidemic measures led to the spread of infection, as well as skid  measles in other medicine organization, which consisted of  nosocomial foci. The present outbreak showed that measles requires  constant attention, especially during her long absence in the region.  It is only possible to prevent sustained secondary transmission if measles vaccination coverage is high for the entire population.

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