The relationship between postmenopausal women’s body image and the severity of menopausal symptoms

Abstract Background Body image is the main element of an individual’s personality that may be influenced by many factors during menopause. We aimed to assess the relationship between postmenopausal women’s body image with the severity of menopausal symptoms. Methods This was a cross-sectional study on 300 postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 65 years old, in Tehran, Iran. We recruited the samples using the multi-stage sampling method. Tools for data collection were: 1) the Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS), 2) the Fisher’s Body Image questionnaire and 3) a socio-demographic questionnaire. We analyzed data using the independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression tests. Results Three hundred women aged 55.11 ± 3.99 years old, participated in the study. Mean scores for body image and MRS were 163.07 ± 21.17 (Range: 46–230) and 16.45 ± 8.38 (Range: 0–44), respectively. About 50% of women had severe symptoms of menopause (MRS score ≥ 17). There was a negative correlation between the total score and the score of all dimensions of body image with the total score and all dimensions of MRS (P < 0.001). There were also significant relationships between women’s body image with: their education (P < 0.001, r = 0.20) the spouse’s education (P < 0.001, r = 0.26), adequacy of monthly household income (P < 0.001, r = 0.32), marital status (P = 0.36), their occupation (P = 0.007) and housing status (P = 0.012). There was also a significant negative correlation between women’s lower body organs image with the number of children (P = 0.017, r = − 0.14). According to the multiple linear regressions model, severity of menopausal symptoms (Beta = − 0.45, P < 0.001) and adequacy of monthly household income (Beta = 0.15, P = 0.005) are the significant related factors with postmenopausal women’s body image. Conclusions Body image is correlated with menopausal symptoms of women during menopause. Therefore, it seems that interventions aimed at relieving the annoying symptoms of menopause can help to improve their body image. Also, body image could be influenced by some socio-demographic factors which should be considered in menopause health promotion programs.

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What is the relationship between facets of narcissism and women's body image?

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 185-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Viren Swami ◽

Lauren Cass ◽

Maryem Waseem ◽

Adrian Furham

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Women's Body Image ◽

The Relationship

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Women’s body image and breastfeeding

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.1618 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Barbara Broers ◽

Joanna Wawrzyniak ◽

Wiktoria Kubiec

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Early Onset ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽

The Road ◽

Women's Body Image ◽

Mental Construct ◽

On The Road ◽

The Relationship

Only a small number of studies draw attention to the relationship between body image after pregnancy and during lactation with the decision to undertake and continue breastfeeding. Body image is a complex mental construct, which consists of: cognitive, emotional and behavioural components, and which is subject to change during the life of the woman. Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation affect the physicality of women, which is also reflected in the way of defining their body image. Dissatisfaction with own body can affect the decision to breastfeed or cause discomfort during breastfeeding. At the same time, undertaking breastfeeding can, through the hormones secreted at the time, positively influence the assessment of the woman’s body before and during pregnancy. The discovery of this relationship, and in the future indicating the precise correlation phenomena, could have a practical use in working with patients whether to breastfeed. By noticing and identifying an early onset of irregularities in the forming body image of a pregnant women, healthcare professionals can support those in need to build a real body image and positive attitude towards occurring changes and thus increase their comfort. Recognising and understanding the obstacles women experience on the road to breastfeeding, educators and professionals can create programs which consider a more complex, psycho-physical dimension of breastfeeding.

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Prokrastinasi ditinjau dari Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Self Efficacy

PSYCHE 165 ◽

10.35134/jpsy165.v13i2.86 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 246-252

Author(s):

Dwi Rio Sudarroji ◽

Fahmawanti Sekaringrum ◽

Leo Trihartantyo

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Data Collection ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Small Influence ◽

Study Population ◽

The Relationship

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between leadership style and self-efficacy on procrastination. The study population amounted to 34 teachers in a public school in Yogyakarta. The analytical method was a multiple linear regression. Data collection devices are a questionnaire scale of procrastination, self-efficacy, and leadership style. The result showed that correlation significant between self-efficacy and leadership style to procrastination was p = 0.007 <0.05 and a correlation coefficient was B = 0.015 to variable leadership style and a correlation coefficient was B = -0.548 to variable self-efficacy. It showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership style and procrastination but just small influence and a negative correlation between self-efficacy and procrastination.

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Using EMA to Assess the Relationship Between Fat Talk and Women’s Body Image Experiences

10.4135/9781526447364 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacqueline Mills ◽

Mathew Ling

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Fat Talk ◽

Women's Body Image ◽

The Relationship

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Kecanduan Internet Ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Emosional Remaja di Warung Internet Kelurahan Sekip Medan

Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) ◽

10.34007/jehss.v2i1.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Ferry Ferry ◽

Rianda Elvinawanty ◽

Yulinda S. Manurung

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

The Internet ◽

Personal Adjustment ◽

The Relationship

This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and internet addiction. The hypothesis proposed in research is there any negative correlation between emotional intelligence with internet addiction on teenagers in internet café of Kelurahan Sekip Medan, assuming that the higher emotional intelligence, the lower the internet addiction, and vice versa. The subjects of this study were 114 teenagers in internet café of Kelurahan Sekip Medan. This research used emotional intelligence and internet addiction scale. Product Moment (Pearson Correlation) was used to analyze the correlation between two variable using SPSS 20 for windows. The results of the data analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was -0,737 with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). It shows there is a negative correlation between emotional intelligence with internet addiction. The results of this study indicate that the contributions made by the variable of internet addiction on personal adjustment was 54,3 percent, while the remaining 45,7 percent was influenced by other factors that were not examined. Baged on these results, it is concluded that the hypothesis, is acceptale, and there is a negative relationship between the emotional intelligence and internet addiction.

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The nature of body image: the relationship between women’s body image and physical activity in natural environments

Women and Nature? ◽

10.4324/9781315167244-7 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 96-116

Author(s):

Denise Mitten ◽

Chiara D’Amore

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Image ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Women's Body Image ◽

The Relationship

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Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways

New Media & Society ◽

10.1177/1461444817694499 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1380-1395 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Jasmine Fardouly ◽

Brydie K Willburger ◽

Lenny R Vartanian

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Body Image ◽

The United States ◽

Target Groups ◽

Women's Body Image ◽

Body Image Concerns ◽

Appearance Comparison ◽

Self Objectification ◽

The Relationship ◽

Women's Appearance

This study examined the relationship between Instagram use (overall, as well as specifically viewing fitspiration images) and body image concerns and self-objectification among women between the ages of 18 and 25 from the United States ( n = 203) and from Australia ( n = 73). Furthermore, this study tested whether internalization of the societal beauty ideal, appearance comparison tendency in general, or appearance comparisons to specific target groups on Instagram mediated any relationships between Instagram use and the appearance-related variables. Greater overall Instagram use was associated with greater self-objectification, and that relationship was mediated both by internalization and by appearance comparisons to celebrities. More frequently viewing fitspiration images on Instagram was associated with greater body image concerns, and that relationship was mediated by internalization, appearance comparison tendency in general, and appearance comparisons to women in fitspiration images. Together, these results suggest that Instagram usage may negatively influence women’s appearance-related concerns and beliefs.

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How are the characteristics of national educational systems related to social inequality?

The Education and science journal ◽

10.17853/1994-5639-2021-9-81-114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 81-114

Author(s):

M. L. Agranovich ◽

A. A. Dreneva

Keyword(s):

Social Inequality ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Gini Index ◽

Educational Process ◽

Educational Systems ◽

Upper Secondary ◽

The Relationship ◽

Educational Indicators

Introduction. A great deal of research concerns the impact of education on the socio-economic performance in different countries, with highlighting the positive impact of education.Aim. The current research is devoted to the relationship between educational indicators and social inequality representing the socio-economic development.Methodology and research methods. By having the use of correlation analysis, the authors examined the relationship between the indicators of national educational systems, including the participation of the population in education, the structure of graduation in educational programmes, the quality of secondary education, the organisation of the educational process, the volume and structure of education funding, on the one hand, and social inequality, on the other. Social inequality was measured using the Gini index, which represents the level of income inequality in the country. The authors also investigated the educational statistics data in the OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in the OECD educational research.Results. The results revealed the relationship between many educational indicators and the Gini index, as well as showed several features of these relationships in Russia. In particular, the authors observed a relationship between the social inequality index and such groups of educational indicators as the level of education (the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient varies from -0,68 for the level of upper-secondary vocational education to 0,51 for the level of upper-secondary general education), participation of the population in education (the correlation coefficient with the integral indicator of participation in education, the average number of years of learning, was -0,64), the quality of education (a positive relationship with the proportion of students, who have not reached the second level of reading literacy in the Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, reflected in the correlation coefficient equal to 0,56), the organisation of the educational process (positive correlation coefficient with class size equal to 0,61) and the indicators of education financing (negative correlation coefficients for primary and secondary education – -0.48, as well as for tertiary education – -0.57). It is important to note that the indicators related to master’s degree programmes show a greater negative correlation with social inequality than those reflecting the scale of bachelor’s degree programmes and short tertiary programmes.Scientific novelty of the research includes the detailed analysis of the determinants influencing the national educational systems in their relationship with social inequality, as well as the correlation between these parameters in Russia as compared with other countries.Practical significance of the study involves the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the sphere of education with taking into account socio-economic factors.

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