Mongolia health situation: based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract Background Over the past few decades, economic, political, and social changes have directly and indirectly affected the health of the Mongolian population. To date, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted on the burden of diseases in this country. Thus, we aimed to describe the leading causes of death and disabling conditions and their trends between 1990 and 2019 in the Mongolian population. Methods We used the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. In the current study, we examined life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, the 20 leading causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the contribution of major risk factors to DALYs in Mongolia. Findings The life expectancy at birth in Mongolia has gradually increased since 1995 and reached 63.8 years for men and 72.7 for women in 2019. The highest increase in the age-standardised death rate between 1990 and 2019 occurred in alcohol use disorders (628.6%; 95% UI 10.0–1109.6) among men, and in liver cancer (129.1%; UI 65.3–222.4) among women. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke showed the highest rates of death, YLLs, and DALYs among both men and women. In 2019, the highest age-standardised rates of DALYs were attributable to high systolic blood pressure and dietary risks. Interpretation Although Mongolia saw substantial improvements across many communicable diseases, maternal and neonatal disorders, and under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2019, non-communicable diseases remained leading causes of mortality. The mortality from the most preventable causes such as injury, alcohol use, and dietary risks remain substantially high, suggesting that individual and social efforts are needed to tackle these diseases. Our analyses will support the development of policy priorities and action plans in multiple sectors to improve the overall health of the Mongolian population. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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The changing patterns of Non-communicable diseases and injuries in Nepal from 1990-2017: A review of evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29890/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

Nipun Shrestha ◽

Bishal Gyawali ◽

Abhinav Vaidya ◽

Dan Schwarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth

Abstract Background Nepal has made significant strides towards its commitment to achieve universal health coverage in the past few decades. However, the paucity of evidence on morbidity, mortality and trends in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has posed a significant hindrance in targeting resources for prevention, screening and treatment services. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of the existing evidence on the distribution of NCDs and their trends in Nepal from 1990 to 2017.Methods We analysed data on disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability, years of life lost due to NCDs in Nepal and its comparator countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) from 1990 to 2017 using all available data sources from Global Burden of Disease 2017. We also conducted supplemental analysis using data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) to further elucidate the provincial level prevalence of key NCD risk factors.Results The result showed that between 1990 and 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 14 years, from 58 years to 71 years on an average in Nepal. The three leading causes of DALYs in 2017 were cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), maternal and neonatal disorders and chronic respiratory diseases. High systolic blood pressure, smoking and high fasting plasma glucose were leading contributors to the NCD DALYs burden in 2017. At any ages ≥ 40 years, NCDs and injuries were responsible for 75–82% of total DALYs. Injuries, self-harm and violence, mental, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders superseded CVDs to become the leading causes of DALYs in young population aged 15–35 years.Conclusions CVDs were the leading causes of death in 2017 followed by chronic respiratory diseases and cancers. Data such as these are an important tool for framing a coherent policy response towards achieving the sustainable development goals, and the targets set by Nepal’s first Multi-sectoral Action plan on NCDs (2014–2020).

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The burden of disease among Brazilian older adults and the challenge for health policies. Results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27806/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

VALÉRIA MARIA DE AZEREDO PASSOS ◽

Ana Paula Silva Champs ◽

Renato Teixeira ◽

Maria Fernanda Furtado Lima-Costa ◽

Renata Kirkwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Information System ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Health Policies ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Life Years

Abstract Background Brazil is the world’s fifth most populous nation, and is currently experimenting a fast demographic ageing process in a context of scarce resources and social inequalities. To understand the health profile of older adults in Brazil is fundamental for planning public policies. Methods The estimates were derived from data obtained through the collaboration between Brazilian Ministry of Health with the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation of the University of Washington. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics provided the population estimates. Data on causes of death came from the Mortality Information System. To calculate morbidity, population-based studies on the prevalence of diseases in Brazil were comprehensively searched, in addition to information obtained from national databases such as the Hospital Information System, the Outpatient Information System, and the Injury Information System. We presented the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates among Brazilian older adults (60 + years old) for life expectancy at birth (LE), healthy life expectancy (HALE), cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), from 2000 to 2017. Results LE at birth significantly increased from 71.3 years (95%UI to 70.9–71.8) to 75.2 years (95%UI 74.7–75.7). There was a trend of increasing HALE, from 62.2 years (95%UI 59.54–64.5) to 65.5 years (95%UI 62.6–68.0). The proportion of DALYs among older adults increased from 7.3–10.3%. Chronic noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death among middle-aged and older adults, while Alzheimer's disease is a leading cause only among older adults. Mood disorders, musculoskeletal pain and hearing or vision losses are among the leading causes of disability. Conclusions The increase in LE and the decrease of the DALYs rates are probably results of the improvement of social conditions and health policies. However, the smaller increase of HALE than LE means that despite living more, people spend a substantial time of their old age with disability and illness. Preventable or potentially controllable diseases are responsible for most of the burden of disease among Brazilian older adults. Health investments are necessary to obtain longevity with quality of life in Brazil.

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The burden of disease among Brazilian older adults and the challenge for health policies: results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Population Health Metrics ◽

10.1186/s12963-020-00206-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos ◽

Ana Paula Silva Champs ◽

Renato Teixeira ◽

Maria Fernanda Furtado Lima-Costa ◽

Renata Kirkwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Information System ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Health Policies ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Life Years

Abstract Background Brazil is the world’s fifth most populous nation, and is currently experimenting a fast demographic aging process in a context of scarce resources and social inequalities. To understand the health profile of older adults in Brazil is fundamental for planning public policies. Methods The estimates were derived from data obtained through the collaboration between the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation of the University of Washington. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics provided the population estimates. Data on causes of death came from the Mortality Information System. To calculate morbidity, population-based studies on the prevalence of diseases in Brazil were comprehensively searched, in addition to information obtained from national databases such as the Hospital Information System, the Outpatient Information System, and the Injury Information System. We presented the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates among Brazilian older adults (60+ years old) for life expectancy at birth (LE), healthy life expectancy (HALE), cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from 2000 to 2017. Results LE at birth significantly increased from 71.3 years (95% UI to 70.9-71.8) to 75.2 years (95% UI 74.7-75.7). There was a trend of increasing HALE, from 62.2 years (95% UI 59.54-64.5) to 65.5 years (95% UI 62.6-68.0). The proportion of DALYs among older adults increased from 7.3 to 10.3%. Chronic noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death among middle aged and older adults, while Alzheimer’s disease is a leading cause only among older adults. Mood disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and hearing or vision losses are among the leading causes of disability. Conclusions The increase in LE and the decrease of the DALYs rates are probably results of the improvement of social conditions and health policies. However, the smaller increase of HALE than LE means that despite living more, people spend a substantial time of their old age with disability and illness. Preventable or potentially controllable diseases are responsible for most of the burden of disease among Brazilian older adults. Health investments are necessary to obtain longevity with quality of life in Brazil.

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Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00655-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Periklis Charalampous ◽

Elena Pallari ◽

Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽

Nicos Middleton ◽

Mary Economou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

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Global, Regional, National, and Subnational Big Data to Inform Health Equity Research: Perspectives from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.29.s1.159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 159-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ali H. Mokdad ◽

George A. Mensah ◽

Varsha Krish ◽

Scott D. Glenn ◽

Molly K. Miller-Petrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Research Perspectives ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Objectives: Everyone deserves a long and healthy life, but in reality, health outcomes differ across populations. We use results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) to report patterns in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risks at the global, regional, national, and subnational level, and by sociodemographic index (SDI), from 1990 to 2017.Design: GBD 2017 undertook a systematic analysis of published studies and available data providing information on prevalence, incidence, remission, and excess mortality. We computed prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, years of life lost due to premature mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years with 95% uncertainty intervals for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries from 1990 to 2017. We also computed SDI, a summary indicator combining measures of income, education, and fertility.Results: There were wide disparities in the burden of disease by SDI, with smaller burdens in affluent countries and in specific regions within countries. Select diseases and risks, such as drug use disorders, high blood pressure, high body mass index, diet, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and alcohol use disorders warrant increased global attention and indicate a need for greater investment in prevention and treatment across the life course.Conclusions: Policymakers need a comprehensive picture of what risks and causes result in disability and death. The GBD provides the means to quantify health loss: these findings can be used to examine root causes of disparities and develop programs to improve health and health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1): 159-172; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.159.

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Global, regional, and national burden of ischaemic heart disease and its attributable risk factors, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes ◽

10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa076 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haijiang Dai ◽

Arsalan Abu Much ◽

Elad Maor ◽

Elad Asher ◽

Arwa Younis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Disease Study

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to estimate the burden and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods and results Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. Prevalence, incidence, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) were metrics used to measure IHD burden. Population attributable fraction was used to estimate the proportion of IHD deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. Globally, in 2017, 126.5 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 118.6 to 134.7] people lived with IHD and 10.6 million (95% UI 9.6 to 11.8) new IHD cases occurred, resulting in 8.9 million (95% UI 8.8 to 9.1) deaths, 5.3 million (95% UI 3.7 to 7.2) YLDs, and 165.0 million (95% UI 162.2 to 168.6) YLLs. Between 1990 and 2017, despite the decrease in age-standardized rates, the global numbers of these burden metrics of IHD have significantly increased. The burden of IHD in 2017 and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2017 varied widely by geographic location. Among all potentially modifiable risk factors, age-standardized IHD deaths worldwide were primarily attributable to dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, high fasting plasma glucose, tobacco use, and high body mass index in 2017. Conclusion Our results suggested that IHD remains a major public health challenge worldwide. More effective and targeted strategies aimed at implementing cost-effective interventions and addressing modifiable risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.

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Colorado Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: A Sub-Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Jen Roux ◽

David Rojas-Rueda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Use ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

The United States ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

The State ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

(1) Background: Health disparities across the United States (U.S.) are increasing. Large variations in risk factors and health outcomes have been described among states from the U.S. (2) AIM. This study aims to describe health trends in morbidity, mortality, and risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the State of Colorado. (3) Methods: We describe the measures of health loss for 286 causes of death, 369 diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors for the state of Colorado from the Global Burden of Disease project estimates between 1990 to 2019. (4) Results: We found that 21,171 and 40,724 deaths were estimated in 1990 and 2019, respectively, in Colorado. The leading cause of death, in both sexes, in 1990 and 2019 was ischemic heart disease (IHD). The top leading disability-adjusted life years (DALY) diagnoses were IHD, followed by low back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and opioid use disorder. In 2019, the top risk factors by DALYs in Colorado were smoking, drug use, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high systolic blood pressure. (5) Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases and their related risk factors are the top leading causes of DALYs in Colorado. Findings support the need for policies to prevent non-communicable diseases, with special attention to musculoskeletal disorders and interventions to reduce tobacco, alcohol, and drug use.

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Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990 - 2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112999/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Periklis Charalampous ◽

Elena Pallari ◽

Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽

Nicos Middleton ◽

Mary Economou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Global Burden ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods: We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage of change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results: In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion: Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

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