The association between BMI, smoking, drinking and thyroid disease: a cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China

Abstract Background There is no clear conclusion on the relationship between thyroid disease and obesity and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking. In this study, we analysed the association of body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) and thyroid nodules (TNs) with the results of a cross-sectional survey of urban residents in central China and discussed the potential mechanism linking these predictive factors and the two diseases. Methods This study included 1279 participants who were recruited from a Chinese community in 2011 and 2012. A questionnaire, laboratory examination and ultrasound diagnosis were conducted on these participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyse these factors. Results Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was closely related to SHO and TNs in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Smoking had a protective effect on SHO and TNs, while drinking had a protective effect on TNs in univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression with some covariates, but there was no significant difference between smoking and drinking and the two kinds of thyroid diseases in multivariate logistic regression analysis with all the covariates. In subgroup analysis, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was significantly associated with SHO in people with positive thyroid antibodies (odds ratio (OR) = 2.221, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.168–4.184, P = 0.015) and smokers (OR = 2.179, 95 % CI: 1.041–4.561, P = 0.039). BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was significantly associated with TNs in people over 60 years old (OR = 2.069, 95 % CI: 1.149–3.724, P = 0.015) and drinkers (OR = 3.065, 95 % CI: 1.413–6.648, P = 0.005). Drinking alcohol had a protective effect on TNs in smokers (OR = 0.456, 95 % CI: 0.240–0.865, P = 0.016) and people with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 0.467, 95 % CI: 0.236–0.925, P = 0.029). No significant association was found between smoking and the two thyroid diseases in different subgroups. Conclusions Obesity is a risk factor for both TNs and SHO, especially in elderly individuals and people with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Obesity and metabolic syndrome may be more associated with TNs than SHO. Smoking may have a protective effect on thyroid disease, while drinking may have a protective effect only on TNs.

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The Association between BMI, Smoking, Drinking and Thyroid Disease: A Cross-sectional Study in Wuhan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144518/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Chen ◽

Juanjuan Wang ◽

Li Yu ◽

Hanyu Wang ◽

Hui Sun

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Central China ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistics Regression

Abstract Background: There is no clear conclusion on the relationship between thyroid disease and obesity and living habits such as smoking and drinking. In this study, a cross-sectional survey of urban residents in central China was conducted to analyze the association of body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) and thyroid nodules (TNs), and to discuss the potential mechanism between these risk or protective factors and the two diseases.Methods: This study included 1279 participants in 2011 and 2012. Questionnaire survey, laboratory examination and ultrasonic diagnosis were conducted on these participants. Binary logistics regression analysis was used to analyze these factors.Results: Overweight (BMI ≥25kg/m2) was closely related to subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules in univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis. Smoking had protective effect on subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules in univariate logistics regression, while drinking had protective effect on thyroid nodules in univariate logistics regression, but there was no significant difference between smoking and drinking and two kinds of thyroid diseases in multivariate logistics regression analysis. In subgroup analysis, BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in people with positive thyroid antibodies (OR= 2.221, 95%CI: 1.168-4.184, P=0.015) and smokers (OR= 2.179, 95%CI: 1.041-4.561, P=0.039). Thyroid nodules were significantly associated with thyroid nodules in people over 60 years old (OR= 2.069, 95%CI: 1.149-3.724, P=0.015) and drinkers (OR=3.065, 95%CI: 1.413-6.648, P=0.005). Drinking alcohol has a protective effect on thyroid nodules in smokers (OR=0.456, 95%CI: 0.240-0.865, P=0.016) and people with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 (OR=0.467, 95%CI: 0.236-0.925, P=0.029). No statistical association was found between smoking and the two thyroid diseases in different subgroups.Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for thyroid disease, especially in the elderly and people with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Obesity and metabolic syndrome may be more associated with thyroid nodules than subclinical hypothyroidism. Smoking may be a protective factor for thyroid disease, while drinking is a protective factor for thyroid nodules.

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A predictive nomogram: a cross-sectional study on a simple-to-use model for screening 12-year-old children for severe caries in middle schools

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01819-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shaoying Duan ◽

Meng Li ◽

Jialiang Zhao ◽

Huiyu Yang ◽

Jinfeng He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Professionals

Abstract Background A nomogram is a tool that transforms complex regression equations into simple and visual graphs and enables clinicians and patients to conveniently compute output probabilities without needing medical knowledge and complex formulas. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive nomogram to screen for severe caries among 12-year-old children based on risk factors in Sichuan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 4573 12-year-olds was conducted up to May 2016 in middle schools from three districts and three counties in Sichuan Province, China. All the children underwent oral examinations and completed questionnaires to assess general information, oral impacts on daily performance, dietary habits, subjective health conditions, history of dental trauma, frequency of toothache, dental visits, and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward oral hygiene. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine which variables were significantly associated with severe caries (operationalized as DMFT ≥ 3). A nomogram was developed and validated by using the ‘rms’ package and two cross-validation methods. Results Severe caries was found in 537 of the 4573 children (11.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables predicted a higher risk of severe caries: ‘female’ [odds ratio (OR) = 1.985, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.63–2.411], ‘urban’ (OR = 2.389, 95% CI: 1.96–2.91), ‘non-only child’ (OR = 1.317, 95% CI: 1.07–1.625), ‘very poor self-assessment of oral health status’ (OR = 2.157, 95% CI: 1.34–3.467) and ‘visited a dentist less than 6 months’ (OR = 1.861, 95% CI: 1.38–2.505). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated that the following variables predicted a lower risk of severe caries: ‘middle level of urbanization’ (OR = 0.395, 95% CI: 0.32–0.495) and ‘high level of urbanization’ (OR = 0.466, 95% CI: 0.37–0.596). Both the fivefold and leave-one-out cross-validation methods indicated that the nomogram model built by these 6 variables displayed good disease recognition ability. Conclusions The nomogram was a simple-to-use model to screen children for severe caries. This model was found to facilitate non-dental professionals in assessing risk values without oral examinations and making referrals to dental professionals.

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Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Psychiatric Hospital Settings: Perspectives from Saudi Arabia

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wafa Basfr ◽

Ahlam Hamdan ◽

Samia Al-Habib

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Psychiatric Hospitals ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Violent Behaviour ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives: Workplace violence (WPV) has become a world-wide concern. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of WPV among nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia between March and May 2017. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire which was used to measure the prevalence and explore the associated factors of WPV. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 310 nurses (response rate: 62%) were included in this study. The prevalence of WPV against nurses was 90.3%, of which 57.7% had been exposed to both physical and verbal abuse. More nurses were exposed to WPV during the morning shift than the evening shift (58.4% versus 42.3%). Violent behaviour was exhibited mostly by the patients themselves (81.3%). Over half of the nurses (57.4%) required medical intervention in such cases. The majority of nurses felt either stressed (64.2%) or anxious (53.5%) and 34.2% felt depressed after the incident. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that time of violence, source of violence, patient dissatisfaction with medical care and lack of organisational support for nurses were significantly associated with the occurrence of WPV in psychiatric units. Conclusion: WPV has reached an alarming rate among nurses in psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to invest in the prevention of WPV by constant training of workers and a mutual policy with the police and the civic prosecutor in Saudi Arabia on how to respond to violent psychiatric patients. Keywords: Workplace Violence; Psychiatry; Nurse; Mental Health; Saudi Arabia.

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Sex Difference in the Association between Sleep Duration and Thyroid Disease among South Korean Adults

Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics ◽

10.21032/jhis.2021.46.3.337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 337-343

Author(s):

Jeong Hyun Ahn ◽

Jin Young Nam ◽

Soojin Park

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Korean ◽

Increased Risk

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate sex differences associated with sleep duration and the prevalence of thyroid disease among South Korean adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 17,555 adults who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018. Sleep duration was categorized into three groups (insufficient, <7 hour; normal, 7-8 hour; prolonged, ≥9 hour). A chi-squared test was performed to assess baseline characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between general characteristic and the prevalence of thyroid disease. In subgroup analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between sleep duration and prevalence of thyroid disease by sex.Results: For men, insufficient and prolonged sleep durations were increased risk of thyroid disease compared with normal sleep duration (insufficient sleep: odds ratio, OR=1.85, 95% confidence interval, CI=1.19-2.87; prolonged sleep: OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.02-2.87).Conclusions: This study found that men with insufficient and prolonged sleep were associated with thyroid disease. Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between sleep duration, thyroid disease, and sleep quality by sex.

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Renal impairment is closely associated with plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-19-0047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 339-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akiyuki Kawashima ◽

Masakatsu Sone ◽

Nobuya Inagaki ◽

Yoshiyu Takeda ◽

Hiroshi Itoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Renal Impairment ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Plasma Aldosterone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽

Significant Difference

Objective Several clinical studies have reported that renal impairments are sometimes observed in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). We analyzed the prevalence of renal impairments in PA patients and identified parameters that increase the risk for them. Design This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We assessed the PA database established by the multicenter Japan PA study (JPAS). Data were also collected from patients with essential hypertension (EHT). Methods We compared the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between patients with PA and age, sex, blood pressure and duration of hypertension-matched patients with EHT. We also performed logistic regression analysis to identify parameters that increase the risk for these renal impairments. Results Among 2366 PA patients, the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered eGFR were 10.3 and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in PA patients than matched-EHT patients (16.8 vs 4.4%), whereas there was no significant difference in the prevalence of lowered eGFR (17.2 vs 15.0%). The logistic regression analysis also showed that the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increases the risk of proteinuria and lowered eGFR, independent of other known risk factors. Conclusion Plasma aldosterone levels are closely associated with renal impairment in patients with PA. This is contrast to our earlier finding that the PAC was not itself linearly associated with cardiovascular events such as stroke or ischemic heart disease. The mechanism underlying the kidney damage in patients with PA may differ from that affecting the cardiovascular system.

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Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among students of the University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v19i4.7 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 2854-2862

Author(s):

Guy I Wanghi ◽

Paulin B Mutombo ◽

Ernest K Sumaili

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

Background: The 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline categorized blood pressure into 4 levels:normal (SBP<120 and DBP <80mm Hg), elevated (SBP of 120–129 or DBP< 80 mmHg) and stage 1 (SBP of 130–139 or DBP of 80–89 mm Hg) or 2 (SBP≥140 orDBP≥90mmHg). Compared with the JNC7 guideline, the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends using lower SBP and DBP levels to define hypertension.Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension as well as associated factors among students of the University of Kinshasa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Kinshasa and including 1 281 students aged between 18 and 30. Blood pressure was assessed according to the WHO STEPwise approach, which is a standardized method of data collection, analysis and dissemination for the surveillance of non-communicable diseases in WHO member countries.The Chi-square and Student's t-tests and a multivariate logistic regression analysis have been used to evaluate the results. Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of hypertension according to the guidelines from the 2017 ACC/AHA and the JNC 7 was 26.4 % (CI 95%; 23.9 - 28.9) and 7.3 % (CI 95%; 5.8 -8.8), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, alcohol abuse, overweight, male sex, age ≥ 24 years old and low physical activity were associated with hypertension (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: At least one out of four students had hypertension. These data should encourage public health authorities to develop strategies for screening of BP and topromote the adoption of healthy lifestyle in young adults.Keywords: Hypertension, risk factors, student, prevalence.

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ANALISIS HUBUNGAN SARANA, PENGETAHUAN, DAN SIKAP BIDAN PRAKTIK MANDIRI DENGAN KEPATUHAN MENJALANKAN STANDAR PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN

Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro ◽

10.36656/jpk2r.v2i1.178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Megawati Sinambela ◽

Evi Erianty Hasibuan

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Care Service ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The North

Antenatal care is a service provided to pregnant women to monitor, support maternal health and detect mothers whether normal or problematic pregnant women. According to the WHO, globally more than 70% of maternal deaths are caused by complications of pregnancy and childbirth such as hemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis, and abortion. Based on data obtained from the profile of the North Sumatra provincial health office in 2017, in the city of Padangsidimpuan in 2017 the coverage of ANC visits reached (76.58%) and had not reached the target in accordance with the 2017 Provincial Health Office strategy plan (95%). This type of research was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were independent practice midwives who were in the Padangsidimpuan, the sample in this study amounted to 102 respondents. The technique of collecting data used questionnaires and data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression analysis. Based on bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between facilities, knowledge and attitudes of independent midwives with compliance with the standards of antenatal care services with a value of p <0.05. The results of the study with multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with the compliance of independent midwives in carrying out antenatal care service standards were attitudes with values (p = 0.026).

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Efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil for preventing postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries

JA Clinical Reports ◽

10.1186/s40981-020-00403-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Kotera

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Pain Control ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Postoperative Pain Control ◽

Flurbiprofen Axetil ◽

Postanesthetic Shivering

Abstract Background Postanesthetic shivering is an unpleasant adverse event in surgical patients. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been reported to be useful in preventing postanesthetic shivering in several previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil being a prodrug of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for preventing postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries. Method This study is a retrospective observational study. I collected data from patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries performed between October 1, 2019, and September 30, 2020, at Kumamoto City Hospital. All the patients were managed with general anesthesia with or without epidural analgesia. The administration of intravenous 50 mg flurbiprofen axetil for postoperative pain control at the end of the surgery was left to the individual anesthesiologist. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (flurbiprofen group) and those who had not received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (non-flurbiprofen group), and I compared the frequency of postanesthetic shivering between the two groups. Additionally, the factors presumably associated with postanesthetic shivering were collected from the medical charts. Intergroup differences were assessed with the χ2 test with Yates’ correlation for continuity category variables. The Student’s t test was used to test for differences in continuous variables. Furthermore, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between the administration of flurbiprofen axetil and the incidence of PAS. Results I retrospectively examined the cases of 141 patients aged 49 ± 13 (range 21-84) years old. The overall postanesthetic shivering rate was 21.3% (30 of the 141 patients). The frequency of postanesthetic shivering in the flurbiprofen group (n = 31) was 6.5%, which was significantly lower than that in the non-flurbiprofen group (n = 110), 25.5% (p value = 0.022). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that administration of flurbiprofen axetil was independently associated with a reduced incidence of postanesthetic shivering (odds ratio 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.66, p value = 0.015). Conclusions My result suggests that intraoperative 50 mg flurbiprofen axetil administration for postoperative pain control is useful to prevent postanesthetic shivering in patients undergoing gynecologic laparotomy surgeries.

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Cross-Sectional Association between Hypercholesterolemia and Knee Pain in the Elderly with Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10050933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 933

Author(s):

Byung Woo Cho ◽

Du Seong Kim ◽

Hyuck Min Kwon ◽

Ick Hwan Yang ◽

Woo-Suk Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

National Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

Few studies have reported the relationship between knee pain and hypercholesterolemia in the elderly population with osteoarthritis (OA), independent of other variables. The aim of this study was to reveal the association between knee pain and metabolic diseases including hypercholesterolemia using a large-scale cohort. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and the Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V, VI-1; 2010–2013). Among the subjects aged ≥60 years, 7438 subjects (weighted number estimate = 35,524,307) who replied knee pain item and performed the simple radiographs of knee were enrolled. Using multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, variables affecting knee pain were identified, and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Of the 35,524,307 subjects, 10,630,836 (29.9%) subjects experienced knee pain. Overall, 20,290,421 subjects (56.3%) had radiographic OA, and 8,119,372 (40.0%) of them complained of knee pain. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that among the metabolic diseases, only hypercholesterolemia was positively correlated with knee pain in the OA group (OR 1.24; 95% Confidence Interval 1.02–1.52, p = 0.033). There were no metabolic diseases correlated with knee pain in the non-OA group. This large-scale study revealed that in the elderly, hypercholesterolemia was positively associated with knee pain independent of body mass index and other metabolic diseases in the OA group, but not in the non-OA group. These results will help in understanding the nature of arthritic pain, and may support the need for exploring the longitudinal associations.

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Risk factors for tissue expander infection in scar reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 2374 consecutive cases

Burns & Trauma ◽

10.1093/burnst/tkaa037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Dong ◽

Minhui Zhu ◽

Luguang Huang ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Hengxin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Tissue Expansion ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Hematoma Evacuation

Abstract Background Tissue expansion is used for scar reconstruction owing to its excellent clinical outcomes; however, the complications that emerge from tissue expansion hinder repair. Infection is considered a major complication of tissue expansion. This study aimed to analyze the perioperative risk factors for expander infection. Methods A large, retrospective, single-institution observational study was carried out over a 10-year period. The study enrolled consecutive patients who had undergone tissue expansion for scar reconstruction. Demographics, etiological data, expander-related characteristics and postoperative infection were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for expander infection. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity analysis for treatment failure caused by infection as an outcome. Results A total of 2374 expanders and 148 cases of expander infection were assessed. Treatment failure caused by infection occurred in 14 expanders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that disease duration of ≤1 year (odds ratio (OR), 2.07; p < 0.001), larger volume of expander (200–400 ml vs <200 ml; OR, 1.74; p = 0.032; >400 ml vs <200 ml; OR, 1.76; p = 0.049), limb location (OR, 2.22; p = 0.023) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 2.17; p = 0.049) were associated with a high likelihood of expander infection. Disease duration of ≤1 year (OR, 3.88; p = 0.015) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 10.35; p = 0.001) were so related to high risk of treatment failure. Conclusions The rate of expander infection in patients undergoing scar reconstruction was 6.2%. Disease duration of <1 year, expander volume of >200 ml, limb location and postoperative hematoma evacuation were independent risk factors for expander infection.

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