Replication of GWAS significant loci in a sub-Saharan African Cohort with early childhood caries: a pilot study

Abstract Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a rapidly progressing form of dental infection and a significant public health problem, especially among socially and economically disadvantaged populations. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for ECC among a cohort of Sub-Saharan African children and to determine the role of genetics in the etiology of ECC. Methods A sample of 691 children (338 with ECC, 353 without ECC, age < 6 years) was recruited from schools in Lagos, Nigeria. Socio-demographic, dental services utilization and infant dietary data were obtained with interviewer-administered questionnaire. Oral examination was conducted using the WHO oral health diagnostic criteria. Saliva samples were collected from the children for genetic analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected from previous study for genotyping. Genetic association analyses to investigate the role of genetics in the etiology of ECC was done. Bivariate comparisons and Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between ECC and predictor variables, p < 0.05. Results Of the 338 children with ECC, 64 (18.9%) had Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC). Children aged 48–59 months comprised the highest proportion of subjects with ECC (165; 48.8%) and S-ECC (24; 37.5%) while female subjects had higher dt (3.13 ± 2.56) and dmft values 3.27 ± 2.64. ECC was significantly more prevalent among children who were breastfed at night ≥ 12 months (OR 3.30; CI 0.39, 4.75), those with no previous dental visit (OR 1.71; CI 0.24, 2.77), those who used sweetened pacifiers (OR 1.85; CI 0.91, 3.79) and those who daily consumed sugar-sweetened drinks/snacks (OR 1.35; CI 0.09, 18.51). A suggestive increased risk for ECC (OR 1.26, p = 0. 0.0397) was observed for the genetic variant rs11239282 on chromosome 10. We also observed a suggestive reduced risk for ECC (OR 0.80, p = 0.03) for the rs131777 on chromosome 22. None of the genetic variants were significant after correction for multiple testing (Bonferroni p value p = 0.004). Conclusions Prolonged night-time breastfeeding, poor utilization of dental services and daily consumption of sugar were risk factors for ECC. Larger sample size is needed to confirm the results of the genetic analysis and to conduct genome wide studies in order to discover new risk loci for ECC.

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Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

Priyanka Achalu ◽

Abhishek Bhatia ◽

Bathsheba Turton ◽

Lucy Luna ◽

Karen Sokal-Gutierrez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Oral Health ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Child Undernutrition ◽

Baby Bottle ◽

Childhood Caries

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

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Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/198-6523.2016.2.21496 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽

Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽

Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽

Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽

Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

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Faktor Risiko Early Childhood Caries pada Anak UsiaPrasekolah di PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara

Majalah Sainstekes ◽

10.33476/ms.v2i1.1637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 012-022

Author(s):

Anita Rosa Delima ◽

Setya Kusuma Arum

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Parental Education ◽

Population Data ◽

Total Sample ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Caries

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect all levels of society. There are several factors that take part ini caries initiation. Caries risk factors in children are related to age, gender, use of bottles, tooth brushing frequency, the role of the mother, and parental education. The purpose of this studywas to find out factors related to the cause of early childhood caries experienced by preschool children at PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, North Jakarta. An observational analytical methods with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Subject in this study consisted of 20 children as a total sample of the population. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and def-t index was employed for dental examination. Data processing and statistical analysis using chi-square test were applied with a significance value of p 0.05. The results showed significant correlation between age (p value 0.001) and gander (p value 0.047) andearly childhood caries.hawever, no correlation was observed betwen the use of bottle (p value = 0.909), frequency of tooth brushing (p value 1.00), role of mother (p value 1.00), and parental education (p value = 0.798) and early childhood caries.

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Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and associated Risk Factors from 1 to 12 years Old Children

International Journal of u- and e- Service Science and Technology ◽

10.14257/ijunesst.2017.10.10.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Sadia Ghazal ◽

Syed Omer Gilani ◽

Mohsin Jamil ◽

Talha Ashar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Caries

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Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ritu G Mangla ◽

Raman Kapur ◽

Abhishek Dhindsa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Oral Health ◽

Day Care ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Himachal Pradesh ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the prevalence, distribution, and associated risk factors of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 12- to 36-month-old children of district Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on a random sample of 510 children, both boys and girls, between 12 and 36 months of age randomly selected from various government-sponsored day-care centers, private day-care centers, and vaccination centers. Caries was recorded using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. A two-sided p value was calculated for each statistical test. Multiple logistic regressions were done to calculate the risk of S-ECC from independent variables. Results In the present study, S-ECC was found in 21% of 510, 12 to 36 months old children of Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The S-ECC was found to be significantly higher in 25 to 36 months old children's age group and was 27.8% in them as compared with 8% in 12 to 24 months old children. Conclusion Providing anticipatory guidance and education to parents is essential for the promotion of optimal oral health of their children. There is a need for moving upstream to propose and implement policies and programs to improve the oral health of the very young, especially in a developing country like India, which lacks much data on S-ECC. How to cite this article Mangla RG, Kapur R, Dhindsa A, Madan M. Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):183-187.

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