scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with the oral microbiomes and HIV in young children—Nigeria (DOMHaIN): a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modupe O. Coker ◽  
Paul Akhigbe ◽  
Esosa Osagie ◽  
Nosakhare L. Idemudia ◽  
Oghenero Igedegbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study seeks to understand better the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of caries in HIV-infected school-aged Nigerian children by examining the relationship between the plaque microbiome and perinatal HIV infection and exposure. We also seek to investigate how perinatal HIV infection and exposure impact tooth-specific microbiomes' role on caries disease progression. Methods The participants in this study were children aged 4 to 11 years recruited from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Nigeria, between May to November 2019. Overall, 568 children were enrolled in three groups: 189 HIV-infected (HI), 189 HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) and 190 HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) as controls at visit 1 with a 2.99% and 4.90% attrition rate at visit 2 and visit 3 respectively. Data were obtained with standardized questionnaires. Blood samples were collected for HIV, HBV and HCV screening; CD4, CD8 and full blood count analysis; and plasma samples stored for future investigations; oral samples including saliva, buccal swabs, oropharyngeal swab, tongue swab, dental plaque were collected aseptically from participants at different study visits. Conclusions Results from the study will provide critical information on how HIV exposure, infection, and treatment, influence the oral microbiome and caries susceptibility in children. By determining the effect on community taxonomic structure and gene expression of dental microbiomes, we will elucidate mechanisms that potentially create a predisposition for developing dental caries. As future plans, the relationship between respiratory tract infections, immune and inflammatory markers with dental caries in perinatal HIV infection and exposure will be investigated.

The Relationship between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental caries

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahuldeen Hamid AbdelFattah ◽  
Wafaa Ezzat Ibrahim ◽  
Rasha Adel Fathy ◽  
Reham Khaled Abou-El-Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Iron Profile ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia and dental caries are among the most prevalent diseases in some developing countries. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the association between Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and early childhood caries (ECC). Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the association between IDA and ECC. Methods 40 children with proved iron deficiency anemia (using iron profile panel done initially) and another 40 healthy age and sex-matched children were examined by one trained and calibrated dentist where the oral status of all enrolled children was assessed in terms of the Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index and gingival health using Gingival index of Loe and Sillness. Results Children with anemia had a significantly higher DMF index (4.37±4.44) than children without anemia (0.50±0.90) (P < 0.001). It was found that there was a negative significant correlation between DMF index and the presence of anemia (r= -0.60, P < 0.001), hemoglobin level (r= -0.454, P < 0.001) and MCH level (r= -0.380, P = 0.001). The multiple regression model statistically significantly predicted DMF index (P = 0.001), (R2=0.34) and only the presence of anemia was found to add significantly to the model (P = 0.027). Conclusion Children with iron deficiency anemia have increased risk for development of dental caries than children without anemia. Any children with significant dental caries should be investigated for IDA and anemia should be treated if present.

scholarly journals Caries Increment and Salivary Microbiome during University Life: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Kota Kataoka ◽  
Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
University Life ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this 3-year prospective cohort study was to explore the relationship between an increase in dental caries and oral microbiome among Japanese university students. We analyzed 487 students who volunteered to receive oral examinations and answer baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016) questionnaires. Of these students, salivary samples were randomly collected from 55 students at follow-up and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Students were divided into two groups: increased group (Δdecayed, missing, and filled teeth (ΔDMFT) score increased during the 3-year period) and non-increased group (ΔDMFT did not increase). Thirteen phyla, 21 classes, 32 orders, 48 families, 72 genera, and 156 species were identified. Microbial diversity in the increased group (n = 14) was similar to that in the non-increased group (n = 41). Relative abundances of the family Prevotellaceae (p = 0.007) and genera Alloprevotella (p = 0.007) and Dialister (p = 0.039) were enriched in the increased group compared with the non-increased group. Some bacterial taxonomic clades were differentially present between the two groups. These results may contribute to the development of new dental caries prevention strategies, including the development of detection kits and enlightenment activities for these bacteria.

scholarly journals Perinatal HIV Infection and Exposure and Their Association With Dental Caries in Nigerian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modupe Coker ◽  
Samer S. El-Kamary ◽  
Cyril Enwonwu ◽  
William Blattner ◽  
Patricia Langenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Perinatal Hiv

scholarly journals Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Preschool Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Fuentes-Leonarte ◽  
Ferran Ballester ◽  
José Maria Tenías
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

We carried out bibliographic searches in PubMed and Embase.com for the period from 1996 to 2008 with the aim of reviewing the scientific literature on the relationship between various sources of indoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children under the age of five. Those studies that included adjusted correlation measurements for the most important confounding variables and which had an adequate population size were considered to be more relevant. The results concerning the relationship between gas energy sources and children's respiratory health were heterogeneous. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in the poorest countries was found to be an important risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections. Solvents involved in redecorating, DYI work, painting, and so forth, were found to be related to an increased risk for general respiratory problems. The distribution of papers depending on the pollution source showed a clear relationship with life-style and the level of development.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of dental caries in children with perinatal HIV infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath Sahana ◽  
SrinathS Krishnappa ◽  
VishwanathS Krishnappa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Low Prevalence

Oxidative Stress Levels, JAK2V617F Mutational Status and Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2822-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Moisa ◽  
Mihnea Alexandru Gaman ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Amelia Maria Gaman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The Relationship

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression induces a growth advantage to JAK2V617F-positive clones and, in association with a higher number of immature platelets, leukocytosis, and additional cardiovascular risk factors, leads to an increased risk for thrombotic events. We evaluated oxidative stress by measuring ROS levels and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 62 ET patients and investigated the relationship between oxidative stress, JAK2V617F mutational status and the development of thrombotic events. We found higher oxidative stress levels in JAK2V617F-positive vs. JAK2V617F-negative ET cases with no significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Increased ROS levels and thrombotic events were more frequent in ET patients with old age at diagnosis, higher haematocrit levels or leukocytosis.

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Adams ◽  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
E. H. Hare ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Risk of Typical Diabetes-Associated Complications in Different Clusters of Diabetic Patients: Analysis of Nine Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Michael Leutner ◽  
Nils Haug ◽  
Luise Bellach ◽  
Elma Dervic ◽  
Alexander Kautzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complication Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objectives: Diabetic patients are often diagnosed with several comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between different combinations of risk factors and complications in diabetic patients. Research design and methods: We used a longitudinal, population-wide dataset of patients with hospital diagnoses and identified all patients (n = 195,575) receiving a diagnosis of diabetes in the observation period from 2003–2014. We defined nine ICD-10-codes as risk factors and 16 ICD-10 codes as complications. Using a computational algorithm, cohort patients were assigned to clusters based on the risk factors they were diagnosed with. The clusters were defined so that the patients assigned to them developed similar complications. Complication risk was quantified in terms of relative risk (RR) compared with healthy control patients. Results: We identified five clusters associated with an increased risk of complications. A combined diagnosis of arterial hypertension (aHTN) and dyslipidemia was shared by all clusters and expressed a baseline of increased risk. Additional diagnosis of (1) smoking, (2) depression, (3) liver disease, or (4) obesity made up the other four clusters and further increased the risk of complications. Cluster 9 (aHTN, dyslipidemia and depression) represented diabetic patients at high risk of angina pectoris “AP” (RR: 7.35, CI: 6.74–8.01), kidney disease (RR: 3.18, CI: 3.04–3.32), polyneuropathy (RR: 4.80, CI: 4.23–5.45), and stroke (RR: 4.32, CI: 3.95–4.71), whereas cluster 10 (aHTN, dyslipidemia and smoking) identified patients with the highest risk of AP (RR: 10.10, CI: 9.28–10.98), atherosclerosis (RR: 4.07, CI: 3.84–4.31), and loss of extremities (RR: 4.21, CI: 1.5–11.84) compared to the controls. Conclusions: A comorbidity of aHTN and dyslipidemia was shown to be associated with diabetic complications across all risk-clusters. This effect was amplified by a combination with either depression, smoking, obesity, or non-specific liver disease.

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