scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessie Abebaw Angaw ◽  
Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽  
Bisrat Misganaw Geremew ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence is a serious global public health problem particularly in low-and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia where women's empowerment is limited. Despite the high prevalence of intimate partner violence in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women. Exploring the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence is crucial to identify hotspot areas of intimate partner violence to design targeted health care interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 6090 reproductive-age women were included in the study. The spatial scan statistical analysis was done to identify the significant hotspot areas of intimate partner violence. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Deviance, Intra-cluster Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio, and Proportional Change in Variance (PCV) were used for model comparison as well as for checking model fitness. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 were considered in the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare statistical significance and strength of association between intimate partner violence and independent variables. Results The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence was significantly varied across the country (Moran’s I = 0.1007, p-value < 0.0001). The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 192 significant clusters, of these 181 were primary clusters located in the Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, northwest Amhara, and west Oromia regions. In the multivariable multilevel analysis; women aged 45–49 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.52–5.10), women attained secondary education (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.98), women in the richest household (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97), > 10 family size (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.41–10.54), and high community women empowerment (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.8)) were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions Intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women had significant spatial variation across the country. Women's age, education status, family size, community women empowerment, and wealth status were found significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Therefore, public health programs should design targeted interventions in identified hot spot areas to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence. Besides, health programmers should scale up public health programs designed to enhance women's autonomy to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence and its consequences.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence against reproductive-age women and associated factors in Peru: Evidence from national surveys, 2015-2017

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07478
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Burgos-Muñoz ◽  
Anderson N. Soriano-Moreno ◽  
Guido Bendezu-Quispe ◽  
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽  
Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence and associated factors among reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Shitu ◽  
Alex Yeshaneh ◽  
Haimanot Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background World health organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) is physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by an intimate partner or ex-partner or spouse to a woman. From all forms of violence, ~ 1.3 million people worldwide die each year, accounting for 2.5% of global mortality. During the COVID-19 crisis, control and prevention measures have brought women and potential perpetrators together which increase the risk of IPV. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IPV against women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross-section study was employed among 462 reproductive-age women to assess IPV and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic. To select study participants one-stage cluster sampling technique was used. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to check the association of dependent and independent variables and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Result A total of 448 study subjects were responded making a response rate of 96.97%. Two- third (67.6%) of the respondent's age range was between 20 and 29 years. All of the participants heard about the pandemic of COVID-19 at the time of onset. The lifetime and the last twelve months prevalence of women with IPV was 42.19% and 24.11%, respectively. About 58 (12.9%) had experienced all three types of violence. Participants age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.99–4.29), rural residence (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 2.59–6.25), husband’s educational status of diploma and above (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14–0.83), COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 1.13–6.86), and low social support (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.99–6.23) were independent predictors. Conclusions In this study two in five women undergo one type of violence in their lifetime. The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has its impact on violence. Age ≥ 35, rural residence, husband’s educational status of diploma and above, history of child death, COVID-19 pandemic, and low social support were independent predictors of violence. This implies insight to concerned bodies like policymakers and stakeholders to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making zero tolerance for violence in society.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Reproductive age Group Women in Ethiopia; Generalized Structural Equation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most serious and pervasive yet under recognized human rights violation in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to find the spatial distribution of IPV and its determinant factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted among 2,687 reproductive age group women (15–49 years). The distribution of IPV across the country was observed by ArcGIS software. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of IPV. Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to determine factors associated with each domain of IPV (physical, emotional & sexual violence).Result: The spatial distribution of IPV was found to be clustered in Ethiopia with Global Moran’s I 0.09 (p < 0.001) and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia (p < 0.001), Somali (p < 0.001) and Southern Nation and Nationality and Peoples (SNNP) (p < 0.001) regions . Watching television and not having attitudes toward wife beating were negatively associated with physical violence. Being richest and nonsmoker were inversely associated with emotional violence. The odds of experiencing sexual violence were increased among pregnant and wife of uneducated husband/partner. Women’s decision-making autonomy and husband/partner drinking alcohol have positive and negative association with all domains of IPV respectively. Conclusions: There was a significant clustering of IPV in Ethiopia and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions. Being richest, watching television, not having attitudes toward wife beating, women’s decision autonomy and husband’s/partner’s high education and non-alcohol drinker status were negatively associated with IPV. The likelihood of experiencing IPV was also increased among smoker and pregnant women. We recommend that improving the economic status of the household and power of women's decision autonomy, increasing community awareness about the consequences of IPV with particular emphasis in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Women With Abortion at Mulago Hospital, Kampala City, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACKSON JOSEPH TABULEY ◽  
Nekemiah Katusiime ◽  
Othman Kakaire
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kampala City

Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem causing ill health among women especially of reproductive age. Its global prevalence is estimated to be 30-71%. The prevalence is higher among African and Asian populations compared to American and European populations. In Uganda, the prevalence of IPV among women with abortion was 56.4% in 2005. Since then, the Domestic Violence Act was enacted in 2010; sexual and gender based violence desks initiated in hospitals and a number of agencies working to prevent violence against women have sprung up. The objective of this study was to determine the current prevalence and factors associated with IPV among women with abortion at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala city.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted over 4 months on 480 women. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA 13.0. Those variables with a p-value ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant at multi-variate analysis.Results: The prevalence of IPV among women with abortion was 71.3%. The factors that were significantly associated with intimate partner violence were: being divorced/widowed/separated (aOR 8.7, CI 1.1997-38.268, and p-value= 0.004), being never married (aOR 5.5, CI 2.700-11.138, and p-value <0.001), number of children (aOR 1.2, CI 1.053-1.411 and p-value =0.008) and witnessing abuse as an adult (aOR 6.1, CI 2.678-13.727, and p-value <0.001).Conclusion: This study has shown that the prevalence of IPV among women with abortion is still high despite interventions. More concerted effort needs to be directed toward improving contraceptive services, marriage and family support systems and community awareness on the effects of IPV on women and society.

Intimate Partner Violence and its Association With Contraceptive Use Among Women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Spring 2019) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Kashif Siddique ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Ra’ana Malik ◽  
Naveeda Farhat ◽  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Odds Ratios

The aim of this study is to find the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and contraceptive use among married women in Pakistan. The analysis was conducted by using cross sectional secondary data from every married women of reproductive age 15-49 years who responded to domestic violence module (N = 3687) of the 2012-13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey. The association between contraceptive use (outcome variable) and IPV was measured by calculating unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using simple binary logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression. The result showed that out of 3687 women, majority of women 2126 (57.7%) were using contraceptive in their marital relationship. Among total, 1154 (31.3%) women experienced emotional IPV, 1045 (28.3%) women experienced physical IPV and 1402 (38%) women experienced both physical and emotional IPV together respectively. All types of IPV was significantly associated with contraceptive use and women who reported emotional IPV (AOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.23, 1.67), physical IPV (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.20, 1.65) and both emotional and physical IPV together (AOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.24, 1.72) were more likely to use contraceptives respectively. The study revealed that women who were living in violent relationship were more likely to use contraceptive in Pakistan. Still there is a need for women reproductive health services and government should take initiatives to promote family planning services, awareness and access to contraceptive method options for women to reduce unintended or mistimed pregnancies that occurred in violent relationships.

LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
Public Health Threat

Many nations today recognize intimate partner violence (IPV) in romantic-sexual relationships as a major public health threat, yet not all victims are treated equally. Contrary to myths, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and queer (LGBTQ) people are more likely to experience IPV than heterosexual-cisgender people. Unfortunately, LGBTQ victims face major barriers to reaching safety in a world that too often stigmatizes their identities and overlooks their relationships when forming victim services and policies. Offering a roadmap forward, LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence: Lessons for Policy, Practice, and Research is the first book to synthesize nearly all existing research from the past forty years on this pressing issue. At once highly organized and engaging, it provides evidence-based tips for academic and nonacademic audiences alike.

scholarly journals Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Ghoneim ◽  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Tamer Yehia M. Ali ◽  
Waleed F. Gharieb ◽  
Amal A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy. Methods This was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients’ feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression. Results We recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders. Conclusion There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Exploring the Linkages between Substance Use, Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Intimate Partner Violence against Women: A Rapid Review in the Context of COVID-19

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-522
Author(s):  
Andreea C. Brabete ◽  
Lindsay Wolfson ◽  
Julie Stinson ◽  
Nancy Poole ◽  
Sarah Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

Rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use have risen during the COVID-19 pandemic, with potentially enduring effects on women’s health. A rapid review was conducted on IPV and women’s substance use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid review explored two separate research questions with a view to integrate the literature related to: (1) containment, social isolation, pandemics, disasters, lockdowns, and IPV; and (2) the relationships between substance use and IPV. Two different searches for each question were conducted between May and October 2020 and n = 47 articles were included. Women experience multiple physical and mental health consequences related to IPV that can be exacerbated by public health crises such as pandemics and disasters. Perpetrators may use these events as a tactic to threaten, isolate, or use coercive control. Similar tactics are reported in the complex relationship between IPV and substance use, where substance use can accompany IPV and/or be used as a coping mechanism for survivors. The findings highlight long standing women’s health concerns made further visible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research is needed to identify actions required to reduce gender inequities and harms associated with IPV and substance use, and to adequately tailor and prepare effective responses in the context of future public health crises.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document