Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review

Abstract Background There are limited data in the literature on the indirect costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the pediatric population. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the indirect costs associated with SSTIs in children. Methods The search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to January 2020. Thirteen search strategies were designed combining MeSH terms and free terms. SSTIs were defined as bacterial or viral infections, dermatomycoses, and parasitic infestations. Only primary studies were included. All analyzed costs were converted to 2020 Euros. Results Thirteen of the identified publications presented indirect costs of SSTIs in children and were conducted in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Hungary, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Taiwan, and the USA. Nine studies described indirect costs associated with infection of Varicella-zoster virus: lost workdays by outpatient caregivers ranged from 0.27 to 7.8, and up to 6.14 if caring for inpatients; total productivity losses ranged from €1.16 to €257.46 per patient. Three studies reported indirect costs associated with acute bacterial SSTIs (community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in children: total productivity losses ranged from €1,814.39 to €8,224.06 per patient, based on impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. One study of parasitic infestations (Pediculus humanus capitis) reported total indirect costs per patient of €68.57 (formal care) plus €21.41 due to time lost by parents in purchasing treatment. Conclusions The economic burden of SSTIs is highly relevant but underestimated due to the lack of studies reporting indirect costs. Further cost studies will allow a better understanding of the magnitude of the financial burden of the disease.

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Interventions to alleviate financial toxicity among patients with cancer: A systematic review.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18841-e18841

Author(s):

Asad Arastu ◽

Andrew Hamilton ◽

Emerson Yu-sheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

The United States ◽

Financial Toxicity ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Related Services ◽

Assistance Programs

e18841 Background: Financial toxicity (FT) has become a recognized side effect associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment; however, there is little data on what interventions have proven to be effective at mitigating the financial burden patients might face. Methods: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Met-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo. Broad terminology to capture FT and all possible interventions was used to identify articles published through June 25, 2020 in MEDLINE and July 31, 2020 in Embase and PsycInfo. We excluded systematic reviews, studies not conducted in the United States, with non-adult participants, or those that did not examine an intervention to directly alleviate FT. Two independent reviewers (AA and EYC) reviewed all abstracts to identify which articles met inclusion criteria. An inductive approach was used to thematically categorize unique intervention strategies. Results: A total of 1126 abstracts were identified from the initial search strategy, and 9 met final inclusion criteria. Across these studies, 12 distinct strategies were reported in 27 unique occurrences. They were mapped into four broad domains: 1) patient assistance programs (PAPs) through pharmaceutical company and/or charity sponsored programs, 2) financial navigators who provide counseling and community resources, 3) direct coverage through free medications or payments, and 4) indirect coverage for related services (e.g. transportation). Direct coverage was most commonly proposed, 15/27 (56%) of interventions, followed by PAPs 5/27 (18%), financial navigators 4/27 (15%), and indirect costs 3/27 (11%). These interventions led to outcomes including: cost savings to patients in 5/9 studies (56%), alleviated fears surrounding cost of treatment in 2/9 (22%), earlier medication fills in 1/9 (11%), and decreased anxiety on a self-reported Likert scale in 1/9 (11%). Conclusions: While potential solutions to FT from cancer care remain unclear, this systematic review demonstrates that particular implemented strategies have lessened patient expenses, improved therapy adherence, or helped patients live better. Additional resources could help equip providers and institutions on how to use existing infrastructure (PAPs) or how to deploy additional workforce to diminish FT.

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Direct and Indirect Cost of Obesity: A Systematic Review

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n9p122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Galih Putri Wulandari ◽

Susi Ari Kristina

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Indirect Cost ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity

Obesity is a predictor for various diseases, especially for non-communicable diseases. Obesity impacts large economic burden for patient, healthcare system and the government. This study aims to review the economic impact of obesity worldwide, in terms of direct and indirect costs component of obesity. A systematic review was performed on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases during the period 2008-2018. A combination key terms such as “obesity”, “overweight and obesity”, “weight excess”, “economic burden”, “financial burden”, “cost”, “cost of illness”, “direct cost”, “healthcare cost”, “indirect cost”, “productivity loss cost”, and “adult” were used for the search. Relevant original articles published in English and reported both direct and indirect cost of obesity were included in the study. A total of 61 studies were retrieved, then 8 studies were finally selected that met all eligibility criteria which reported both direct and indirect cost of obesity in developing and developed countries. Almost all of studies reported that indirect costs have more proportion than direct costs. The economic burden of obesity was estimated to 0.13-0.22% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 1.5-5.6% of health expenditures. Our review indicated that the direct and indirect cost of obesity has a significant impact to healthcare system and the country. Some health programs and policies are required and should be implemented as soon as possible to reduce the economic impact of obesity.

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Indirect costs in patients with breast cancer: protocol for a systematic review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28905/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Aboutorabi ◽

Reza Jahangiri ◽

Samira Soleimanpour ◽

Rafat Bagherzadeh ◽

Julia F Gorman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

International Comparisons ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Cost ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Cancer Studies

Abstract Background:The rising incidence of breast cancer places a financial burden on national health services and economies. The cost of breast cancer studies is constantly increasing; however, this cost is calculated based on the currency of the country in which the study takes place, therefore limiting national and international comparisons. On the other hand, there is no common method used to conduct such studies. The objective of this review is to contribute to this knowledge pool by examining the indirect costs of breast cancer in order to provide comparable estimates.Methods and analysis:This review will consider all relevant cost of illness studies dated from the year 2000 until the year 2018. Relevant papers will be identified through a systematic search in all major medical research databases. Two independent researchers will screen selected articles. Methodological quality of the studies will be assessed using a checklist designed by Stunhldreher et al. Discussion:The results will be presented in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) checklist. While the costs of breast cancer studies are helpful in planning health interventions in terms of the severity of the problem and budget priorities, the results could also be of great help to policymakers and decision makers in health systems.Study registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018108392

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Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1618-1635

Author(s):

Céline Richard ◽

Mary Lauren Neel ◽

Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽

Sharon Mc Connell ◽

Alison Gehred ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Frequency Following Response ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

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Primary and metastatic glioblastoma of the spine in the pediatric population: a systematic review

Child s Nervous System ◽

10.1007/s00381-021-05098-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Runze Yang ◽

Albert M. Isaacs ◽

Magalie Cadieux ◽

Tomas J. Hirmer ◽

Travis S. CreveCoeur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pediatric Population

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Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-021-10494-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Judith N. Wagner ◽

Annette Leibetseder ◽

Anna Troescher ◽

Juergen Panholzer ◽

Tim J. von Oertzen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Viral Encephalitis ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Case Reports ◽

Ivig Therapy ◽

Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Optimal Dosing ◽

Cochrane Database

Abstract Background For most viral encephalitides, therapy is merely supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach. We conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of IVIG in viral encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic review assessing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Biosis Previews and the ClinicalTrials.gov website to identify all reports on patients with viral encephalitis treated with IVIG as of May 31, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were therapeutic efficacy and safety. For an increased homogeneity of the population, atypical viral infections were excluded, as were reports on prophylactic IVIG use, intrathecal application of immunoglobulins, or use of antibody-enriched IVIG-preparations. Data were extracted from published studies. Descriptive statistics were used. Results We included a total of 44 studies (39 case reports). The case reports cover a total of 53 patients. Our search retrieved two prospective and three retrospective studies. These show heterogeneous results as to the efficacy of IVIG therapy. Only one study reports a significant association between IVIG-use and death (odds ratio 0.032; 95% confidence interval 0.0033–0.3024; p = 0.0027). None of the studies report significant differences in the number of serious adverse events. Conclusion Data on the efficacy of IVIG-therapy is heterogeneous. While it seems generally safe, evident superiority compared to supportive treatment has not been demonstrated so far. Future trials should also investigate the optimal dosing and timing of IVIG and their benefit in the immunosuppressed.

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Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after cranial surgery in the pediatric population—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Child s Nervous System ◽

10.1007/s00381-021-05036-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma M. H. Slot ◽

Kirsten M. van Baarsen ◽

Eelco W. Hoving ◽

Nicolaas P. A. Zuithoff ◽

Tristan P. C van Doormaal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Leakage Rate ◽

Csf Leak ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽

Cranial Surgery ◽

Csf Leakage

Abstract Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a common complication after neurosurgical intervention. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased healthcare costs. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to quantify the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in the pediatric population and identify its risk factors. Methods The authors followed the PRISMA guidelines. The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane database were searched for studies reporting CSF leakage after intradural cranial surgery in patients up to 18 years old. Meta-analysis of incidences was performed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results Twenty-six articles were included in this systematic review. Data were retrieved of 2929 patients who underwent a total of 3034 intradural cranial surgeries. Surprisingly, only four of the included articles reported their definition of CSF leakage. The overall CSF leakage rate was 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 7.3%). The odds of CSF leakage were significantly greater for craniectomy as opposed to craniotomy (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.7 to 13.4) and infratentorial as opposed to supratentorial surgery (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 20.6). The odds of CSF leakage were significantly lower for duraplasty use versus no duraplasty (OR 0.41 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9). Conclusion The overall CSF leakage rate after intradural cranial surgery in the pediatric population is 4.4%. Risk factors are craniectomy and infratentorial surgery. Duraplasty use is negatively associated with CSF leak. We suggest defining a CSF leak as “leakage of CSF through the skin,” as an unambiguous definition is fundamental for future research.

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