Renal function and lipid metabolism are major predictors of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness—the LIFE-Adult Study

Abstract Background Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a new technique used for the detection and evaluation of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. Before translating cpRNFLT into clinics, it is crucially important to investigate anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters potentially affecting cpRNFLT in a large population-based dataset. Methods The population-based LIFE-Adult Study randomly selected 10,000 participants from the population registry of Leipzig, Germany. All participants underwent standardized systemic assessment of various cardiometabolic risk markers and ocular imaging, including cpRNFLT measurement using SD-OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering). After employing strict SD-OCT quality criteria, 8952 individuals were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent associations of various cardiometabolic risk markers with sector-specific cpRNFLT. For significant markers, the relative strength of the observed associations was compared to each other to identify the most relevant factors influencing cpRNFLT. In all analyses, the false discovery rate method for multiple comparisons was applied. Results In the entire cohort, female subjects had significantly thicker global and also sectoral cpRNFLT compared to male subjects (p < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed a significant and independent association between global and sectoral cpRNFLT with biomarkers of renal function and lipid profile. Thus, thinner cpRNFLT was associated with worse renal function as assessed by cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, an adverse lipid profile (i.e., low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, as well as high total, high non-HDL, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high apolipoprotein B) was independently and statistically significantly related to thicker cpRNFLT. In contrast, we do not observe a significant association between cpRNFLT and markers of inflammation, glucose homeostasis, liver function, blood pressure, or obesity in our sector-specific analysis and globally. Conclusions Markers of renal function and lipid metabolism are predictors of sectoral cpRNFLT in a large and deeply phenotyped population-based study independently of previously established covariates. Future studies on cpRNFLT should include these biomarkers and need to investigate whether incorporation will improve the diagnosis of early eye diseases based on cpRNFLT.

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Impact of the Apolipoprotein E (epsilon) Genotype on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Responsiveness to Acute and Chronic Dietary Fat Manipulation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2044 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kumari M. Rathnayake ◽

Michelle Weech ◽

Kim G. Jackson ◽

Julie A. Lovegrove

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fat ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽

The Impact ◽

Volume Pulse ◽

Digital Volume Pulse

Apolipoprotein (APO) E (ε) genotype is considered to play an important role in lipid responses to dietary fat manipulation but the impact on novel cardiometabolic risk markers is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the relationship between the APOE genotype and cardiometabolic risk markers in response to acute and chronic dietary fat intakes. Associations with fasting (baseline) outcome measures (n = 218) were determined using data from the chronic DIVAS (n = 191/195 adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk) and acute DIVAS-2 (n = 27/32 postmenopausal women) studies examining the effects of diets/meals varying in saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid composition. Participants were retrospectively genotyped for APOE (rs429358, rs7412). For baseline cardiometabolic outcomes, E4 carriers had higher fasting total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios, but lower C-reactive protein (CRP) than E3/E3 and E2 carriers (p ≤ 0.003). Digital volume pulse stiffness index was higher in E2 carriers than the E3/E3 group (p = 0.011). Following chronic dietary fat intake, the significant diet × genotype interaction was found for fasting triacylglycerol (p = 0.010), with indication of a differential responsiveness to MUFA intake between the E3/E3 and E4 carriers (p = 0.006). Test fat × genotype interactions were observed for the incremental area under the curve for the postprandial apolipoprotein B (apoB; p = 0.022) and digital volume pulse reflection index (DVP-RI; p = 0.030) responses after the MUFA-rich meals, with a reduction in E4 carriers and increase in the E3/E3 group for the apoB response, but an increase in E4 carriers and decrease in the E3/E3 group for the DVP-RI response. In conclusion, baseline associations between the APOE genotype and fasting lipids and CRP confirm previous findings, although a novel interaction with digital volume pulse arterial stiffness was observed in the fasted state and differential postprandial apoB and DVP-RI responses after the MUFA-rich meals. The reported differential impact of the APOE genotype on cardiometabolic markers in the acute and chronic state requires confirmation.

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Effects of Lifestyles of People with Visual Impairments on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x19877263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (5) ◽

pp. 433-442

Author(s):

Krystyna Gawlik ◽

Anna Zwierzchowska ◽

Barbara Rosołek

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Visual Impairments ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify selected cardiometabolic risk markers and determine their correlation with lifestyles of adults with visual impairments. Methods: The study randomly selected 49 people with visual impairments (25 women and 24 men) aged 17–84 years (mean age 58.5 years). Body build, composition metrics, biochemical parameters, level of physical activity, and eating habits were evaluated. Results: Excessive body mass was found in 65% of respondents (72% women and 58% men). Above-typical blood total cholesterol levels were found in 52% of women and 42% of men, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in 33% of men and 20% of women, triglyceride levels in 16% of women and 17% of men and glucose in 56% of women and 42% of men. Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in 25% of men and 20% of women. Results showed that 43% of respondents were not involved in physical activity at the recommended level. The use of nicotine was declared by 18% of respondents. No significant correlations were observed for the relationships between physical activity and somatic and biochemical parameters. Eating habits had a significant effect on the prevalence of above-typical LDL cholesterol levels, whereas smoking led to significant differences between study participants due to body mass index and fat percentage. Discussion: Lifestyles of individuals with visual impairments were not entirely healthy. Due to the characteristics of the disability, people with visual impairments are challenged with barriers to living healthy lifestyles. Implications for practitioners: The information obtained here can be used to implement adequate measures to provide equal opportunities for people who are blind or have low vision to lead healthy lifestyles and improve their quality of life.

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The Effects of Different Degrees of Carbohydrate Restriction and Carbohydrate Replacement on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Humans—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12040991 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 991 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eva Fechner ◽

Ellen T.H.C. Smeets ◽

Patrick Schrauwen ◽

Ronald P. Mensink

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Random Effect ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) often differ in their diet composition, which may lead to conflicting results between randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of different degrees of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on cardiometabolic risk markers in humans. The experimental LCDs of 37 human trials were classified as (1) moderate-low CHO diets (<45–40 E%, n = 13), (2) low CHO diets (<40–30 E%, n = 16), and (3) very-low CHO diets (<30–3 E%; n = 8). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in selected risk markers were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Differences between the LCD groups were assessed with univariate meta-regression analyses. Overall, the LCDs resulted in significant weight loss, reduced diastolic blood pressure BP, and increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), without significant differences between the three LCD groups. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were found with the very-low CHO diets compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Decreases in triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were more pronounced with the low and very-low CHO diets, compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Substitution of CHO by mainly saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C concentrations. Except for LDL-C and TAGs, effects were not related to the degree of CHO restriction. Potential effects of nutrient exchanges should be considered when following LCDs.

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Abstract 13507: The Role of Weight Loss in Mediating the Effects of a 2-year Caloric Restriction Regimen on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Individuals Without Obesity

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

James L Dorling ◽

Leanne Redman ◽

Eric Ravussin ◽

Kim Huffman ◽

Susan B RACETTE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Caloric restriction (CR) improves cardiometabolic risk, even among individuals without obesity. However, it is unclear whether these aging-related benefits are mediated by weight loss. Mediation analyses inform mechanisms underlying relationships between an exposure and outcome. Using mediation analyses, our aim was to test if 2-year weight loss mediates the beneficial effects of CR on cardiometabolic risk markers in individuals without obesity. Methods: Participants without obesity were randomized 2:1 to CR or ad libitum (AL) as part of the 2-year trial, Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE). The CR group aimed to enact 25% CR for 2 years, while AL maintained habitual energy intake. Baseline and year 2 assessments included weight and cardiometabolic risk markers. Using the approaches of Valeri and VanderWeele, mediation was quantified as the natural indirect effect (NIE), defined as the impact of an exposure on an outcome through a mediator. Here, the NIE was the effect of CR (exposure) on cardiometabolic risk markers (outcome) that was accounted for by weight change (mediator). Results: In total, 117 and 71 participants in the CR and AL groups, respectively, completed the trial. The CR group achieved 11.9 (± 0.7)% CR and 7.6 (± 0.3) kg of weight loss ( P < 0.01 versus AL). Weight loss significantly mediated the CR-induced improvements in total cholesterol (NIE = -10.4 ± 3.5 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NIE = -8.5 ± 2.8 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NIE = 2.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL), triglycerides (NIE = -0.20 ± 0.05 log mg/dL), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (NIE = -0.22 ± 0.06), and C-reactive protein (NIE = -0.39 ± 0.15 log ug/mL) ( P ≤ 0.02). Weight loss did not mediate CR-induced reductions in systolic (NIE = -0.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) and diastolic (NIE = -1.0 ± 1.1 mmHg) blood pressure ( P ≥ 0.37). Conclusion: In individuals without obesity, CR-induced improvements in multiple cardiometabolic risk markers are driven by weight loss after 2 years. These findings emphasize that, even in individuals without obesity, weight loss after prolonged CR plays a role in improving cardiometabolic disease risk; however, some CR benefits still occur independent of weight loss.

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Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines are associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in Brazilian schoolchildren

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04040-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana De Santis Filgueiras ◽

Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽

Josefina Bressan ◽

Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque ◽

Lara Gomes Suhett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Greater Fructose Consumption Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Visceral Adiposity in Adolescents

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.111.150219 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Norman K. Pollock ◽

Vanessa Bundy ◽

William Kanto ◽

Catherine L. Davis ◽

Paul J. Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Effects of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive performance and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy 51 to 72 years old subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2891-11-99 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anne Nilsson ◽

Karl Radeborg ◽

Ilkka Salo ◽

Inger Björck

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Factors Associated with Increased Neuroretinal Rim Thickness Measured Based on Bruch’s Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width after Trabeculectomy

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10163646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 3646

Author(s):

Do-Young Park ◽

Soon-Cheol Cha

Keyword(s):

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Bruch's Membrane ◽

Bruch’S Membrane ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽

Neuroretinal Rim ◽

Before And After ◽

Bruch’S Membrane Opening ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with an increase in the neuroretinal rim (NRR) thickness measured based on Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) after trabeculectomy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: We analyzed the BMO-MRW using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of patients with POAG who underwent a trabeculectomy for uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) despite maximal IOP reduction treatment. The BMO-MRW was measured before and after trabeculectomy in patients with POAG. Demographic and systemic factors, ocular factors, pre- and post-operative IOP, and visual field parameters were collected, together with SD-OCT measurements. A regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors that affected the change in the BMO-MRW after the trabeculectomy. Results: Forty-four eyes of 44 patients were included in the analysis. The IOP significantly decreased from a preoperative 27.0 mmHg to a postoperative 10.5 mmHg. The mean interval between the trabeculectomy and the date of post-operative SD-OCT measurement was 3.3 months. The global and sectoral BMO-MRW significantly increased after trabeculectomy, whereas the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness did not show a difference between before and after the trabeculectomy. Younger age and a greater reduction in the IOP after the trabeculectomy were significantly associated with the increase in the BMO-MRW after trabeculectomy. Conclusions: The NRR thickness measured based on the BMO-MRW increased with decreasing IOP after trabeculectomy, and the increase in the BMO-MRW was associated with the young age of the patients and greater reduction in the IOP after trabeculectomy. Biomechanically, these suggest that the NRR comprises cells and substances that sensitively respond to changes in the IOP and age.

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