scholarly journals Comparison of four commercially available ELISA kits for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica in Irish cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Munita ◽  
Rosemary Rea ◽  
Ana Maria Martinez-Ibeas ◽  
Noel Byrne ◽  
Aideen Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Low Exposure

Abstract Background Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of mammals and it results in poor welfare outcomes and economic losses in ruminants. While faecal egg count is the test most commonly used for diagnosis, it does not indicate presence of migrating immature stages. Serological techniques increase sensitivity at all stages of the liver fluke infection. The aim of this study was to compare four commercially available ELISA tests for the diagnosis of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we tested three sample types; (i) known F. hepatica status sera from an experimental infection for the comparison of sensitivities and specificities, (ii) sera from pre- and post-flukicide-treated (albendazole, closantel, nitroxynil and triclabendazole) beef cattle to contrast the differences of seropositivity before and after treatment, and (iii) bulk tank milk samples from dairy herds sampled during high and low F. hepatica exposure periods for assessing seasonal variations with the four tests available. Samples were tested using ELISA kits supplied by four manufacturers (Ildana Biotech, IDEXX, Svanova, and Bio-X). Samples were analysed simultaneously and in duplicate. Results In the control population Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X presented 100% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), Svanovir presented a Se of 59% and a Sp of 96%. In flukicide-treated beef cattle, kits highlighted decreasing antibody levels 90 days post-treatment in variable degrees. Finally, bulk milk showed a significant decrease in ELISA value between high and low fluke exposure periods with all tests studied. Conclusions Se and Sp found in the present study, confirm that Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X are accurate for the detection of F. hepatica exposure in Irish cattle. Svanovir Se and Sp in this population, indicate that a larger study is necessary to confirm this test characteristic in Irish herds. In post-treatment use, Bio-X showed a consistent and significant decrease of ELISA value in all groups treated, denoting to be a reliable tool for assessing treatment effect at 90 days post-treatment. Finally, all tests showed to be a reliable tool for the F. hepatica monitoring of high and low exposure seasons, using bulk tank milk samples.

Associations between anti-Fasciola hepatica antibody levels in bulk-tank milk samples and production parameters in dairy herds

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Charlier ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
Diana Williams ◽  
Jozef Vercruysse
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Antibody Levels

Bulk tank milk ELISA to detect IgG1 prevalence and clustering to determine spatial distribution and risk factors of Fasciola hepatica-infected herds in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Villa-Mancera ◽  
A. Reynoso-Palomar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds

AbstractFasciola hepatica is a helminth parasite that causes huge economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Fasciolosis is an emerging foodborne zoonotic disease that affects both humans and grazing animals. This study investigated the associations between climatic/environmental factors (derived from satellite data) and management factors affecting the spatial distribution of this liver fluke in cattle herds across different climate zones in three Mexican states. A bulk-tank milk (BTM) IgG1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect F. hepatica infection levels of 717 cattle herds between January and April 2015. Management data were collected from the farms by questionnaire. The parasite's overall herd prevalence and mean optical density ratio (ODR) were 62.76% and 0.67, respectively. The presence of clustered F. hepatica infections was studied using the spatial scan statistic. Three marked clusters in the spatial distribution of the parasite were observed. Logistic regression was used to test three models of potential statistical association from the ELISA results using climatic, environmental and management variables. The final model based on climatic/environmental and management variables included the following factors: rainfall, elevation, proportion of grazed grass in the diet, contact with other herds, herd size, parasite control use and education level as significant predictors. Geostatistical kriging was applied to generate a risk map for the presence of parasites in dairy herds in Mexico. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of F. hepatica in Mexican cattle herds is influenced by multifactorial effects and should be considered in developing regionally adapted control measures.

Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Escherichia coli from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemil Kürekci ◽  
Muhsin Aydın ◽  
İbrahim Ozan Tekeli ◽  
Pınar Ambarcıoğlu ◽  
Seydi Ahmet Şengül ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

Characterization of the microbiota and resistome of bulk tank milk samples from Prince Edward Island dairy farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon M.C. Warder ◽  
Enrique Doster ◽  
Jennifer K. Parker ◽  
Paul S. Morley ◽  
J.T. McClure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghazaei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

Performance of Various Tests Used to Screen Antibiotic Residues in Milk Samples from Individual Animals

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S Cullor ◽  
Alison Van Eenennaam ◽  
Ian Gardner ◽  
Lynn Perani ◽  
Jon Dellbvger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Abstract The 10-point Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program was developed collaboratively by the National Milk Producers Federation and the American Veterinary Medical Association and is designed to promote and document the responsible use of antibiotics in the dairy industry. One area of emphasis in this program is testing of individual animals for antibiotic residues after a specified post-treatment withdrawal time. We examined the performance of various assay systems on milk samples from individual cows. These assays are used at present on bulk tank milk samples by regulatory agencies, processing plants, producers, and veterinarians to detect the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. A high proportion of false-positive results was obtained for both the pretreatment milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis and the milk samples obtained 21 days after initial therapy (nonantibiotic and antibiotic) for the treatment of mastitis. A high proportion of false-positive outcomes was obtained from the milk of clinically normal cows that had not received any medication for at least 30 days prior to evaluation. The results indicate a serious problem in the use of some assays that were designed to evaluate residues bulk tank milk samples to analyze samples from individual cows. This error in assay specificity results in the unjustifiable discarding of milk that meets regulatory standards and may be misused to accuse the producer or veterinarian of not adhering to regulatory guidelines. Maintaining a safe, high-quality milk supply is a constant goal of the dairy industry, which must be provided the appropriate tools and techniques to meet this challenge.

Evaluation of the Delvo-X-Press Assay for Detecting Antibiotic Residues in Milk Samples from Individual Cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
APOSTOLOS S. ANGELIDIS ◽  
THOMAS B. FARVER ◽  
JAMES S. CULLOR
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Positive Results

Performance of the Delvo-X-Press β-lactam antibiotic assay was examined using bulk-tank milk samples and milk samples from individual cows. Bulk-tank milk samples fortified with bovine lactoferrin at a concentration of 1 mg/ml or more consistently tested positive. False-positive results were also obtained from bulk-tank milk samples fortified with bovine plasma at concentrations of 20 and 40%. The assay yielded positive results for milk with antibiotic concentrations as low as 2 ppb. Individual milk samples were collected from 144 healthy lactating cows and from 34 cows with chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Specificity estimates for samples from healthy and mastitic cows were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82, 0.93) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.86, 1.00), respectively. Individual milk samples were collected from three cows with experimentally induced mastitis for 21 consecutive days. False-positive results occurred as late as 12 days postchallenge. A moderate but significant (P < 0.01) positive linear correlation (r = 0.61) was observed between test result and somatic cell count (SCC) values in milk samples with SCCs of >106/ml.

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