Bulk tank milk ELISA to detect IgG1 prevalence and clustering to determine spatial distribution and risk factors of Fasciola hepatica-infected herds in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Villa-Mancera ◽  
A. Reynoso-Palomar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds

AbstractFasciola hepatica is a helminth parasite that causes huge economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Fasciolosis is an emerging foodborne zoonotic disease that affects both humans and grazing animals. This study investigated the associations between climatic/environmental factors (derived from satellite data) and management factors affecting the spatial distribution of this liver fluke in cattle herds across different climate zones in three Mexican states. A bulk-tank milk (BTM) IgG1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect F. hepatica infection levels of 717 cattle herds between January and April 2015. Management data were collected from the farms by questionnaire. The parasite's overall herd prevalence and mean optical density ratio (ODR) were 62.76% and 0.67, respectively. The presence of clustered F. hepatica infections was studied using the spatial scan statistic. Three marked clusters in the spatial distribution of the parasite were observed. Logistic regression was used to test three models of potential statistical association from the ELISA results using climatic, environmental and management variables. The final model based on climatic/environmental and management variables included the following factors: rainfall, elevation, proportion of grazed grass in the diet, contact with other herds, herd size, parasite control use and education level as significant predictors. Geostatistical kriging was applied to generate a risk map for the presence of parasites in dairy herds in Mexico. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of F. hepatica in Mexican cattle herds is influenced by multifactorial effects and should be considered in developing regionally adapted control measures.

scholarly journals Modelling the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Ducheyne ◽  
Johannes Charlier ◽  
Jozef Vercruysse ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Annibale Biggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Temporal Models ◽  
Optical Density Ratio

A harmonized sampling approach in combination with spatial modelling is required to update current knowledge of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Europe. Within the scope of the EU project GLOWORM, samples from 3,359 randomly selected farms in 849 municipalities in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Sweden were collected and their infection status assessed using an indirect bulk tank milk (BTM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dairy farms were considered exposed when the optical density ratio (ODR) exceeded the 0.3 cut-off. Two ensemble-modelling techniques, Random Forests (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to obtain the spatial distribution of the probability of exposure to <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> using remotely sensed environmental variables (1-km spatial resolution) and interpolated values from meteorological stations as predictors. The median ODRs amounted to 0.31, 0.12, 0.54, 0.25 and 0.44 for Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Poland and southern Sweden, respectively. Using the 0.3 threshold, 571 municipalities were categorized as positive and 429 as negative. RF was seen as capable of predicting the spatial distribution of exposure with an area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.83 (0.96 for BRT). Both models identified rainfall and temperature as the most important factors for probability of exposure. Areas of high and low exposure were identified by both models, with BRT better at discriminating between low-probability and high-probability exposure; this model may therefore be more useful in practise. Given a harmonized sampling strategy, it should be possible to generate robust spatial models for fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Europe to be used as input for temporal models and for the detection of deviations in baseline probability. Further research is required for model output in areas outside the eco-climatic range investigated.

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Płoneczka-Janeczko ◽  
J. Piekarska ◽  
K. Rypuła ◽  
M. Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lower Silesia

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland) This work presents serological evidence of cattle ostertagiosis in the Lower Silesia Region (Poland), based on the measurement of antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. It represents the first evidence of this parasite examined with the use of the ELISA test and milk samples in Poland. The prevalence of Ostertagia ostertagii antibodies was determined in BTM from 32 dairy cattle herds. Antibodies to O. ostertagii were demonstrated in all herds. The optical density ratio (ODR) varied from -0.088 to 1.024. The mean ODR value in the examined region was 0.53.

scholarly journals Comparison of four commercially available ELISA kits for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica in Irish cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Munita ◽  
Rosemary Rea ◽  
Ana Maria Martinez-Ibeas ◽  
Noel Byrne ◽  
Aideen Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Low Exposure

Abstract Background Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of mammals and it results in poor welfare outcomes and economic losses in ruminants. While faecal egg count is the test most commonly used for diagnosis, it does not indicate presence of migrating immature stages. Serological techniques increase sensitivity at all stages of the liver fluke infection. The aim of this study was to compare four commercially available ELISA tests for the diagnosis of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we tested three sample types; (i) known F. hepatica status sera from an experimental infection for the comparison of sensitivities and specificities, (ii) sera from pre- and post-flukicide-treated (albendazole, closantel, nitroxynil and triclabendazole) beef cattle to contrast the differences of seropositivity before and after treatment, and (iii) bulk tank milk samples from dairy herds sampled during high and low F. hepatica exposure periods for assessing seasonal variations with the four tests available. Samples were tested using ELISA kits supplied by four manufacturers (Ildana Biotech, IDEXX, Svanova, and Bio-X). Samples were analysed simultaneously and in duplicate. Results In the control population Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X presented 100% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), Svanovir presented a Se of 59% and a Sp of 96%. In flukicide-treated beef cattle, kits highlighted decreasing antibody levels 90 days post-treatment in variable degrees. Finally, bulk milk showed a significant decrease in ELISA value between high and low fluke exposure periods with all tests studied. Conclusions Se and Sp found in the present study, confirm that Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X are accurate for the detection of F. hepatica exposure in Irish cattle. Svanovir Se and Sp in this population, indicate that a larger study is necessary to confirm this test characteristic in Irish herds. In post-treatment use, Bio-X showed a consistent and significant decrease of ELISA value in all groups treated, denoting to be a reliable tool for assessing treatment effect at 90 days post-treatment. Finally, all tests showed to be a reliable tool for the F. hepatica monitoring of high and low exposure seasons, using bulk tank milk samples.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gari ◽  
Biressaw Serda ◽  
Dejene Negesa ◽  
Fethu Lemma ◽  
Hagos Asgedom
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Disease

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important disease of small ruminants with a rapidly expanding geographical distribution. There are fragmented reports to the occurrence and distribution of the disease in Ethiopia. A total of 700 serum samples were collected from goats and sheep to detect the presence of antibody against PPR virus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). An overall PPR seropositivity was reported to be 48.43% in the area. There is no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of the disease between sheep and goats (50.85% and 46.68%), respectively. However, there was statistically significant variation (P<0.05) in the seroprevalence of the disease in young (33.9%) and adult (55.8%) age categories. The seroprevalence in male and female was 42.07% and 50.09%, respectively, where the variation was statistically not significant (P>0.05). High seroprevalence of Peste des petites ruminants in the study area indicated the virus circulation and endemicity of the disease. The disease causes substantial economic losses by affecting the livelihood of the farmers. Therefore, control measures should be put in place to minimize the loss associated with the disease.

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle of Punjab, Pakistan and assessment of risk factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Anjum ◽  
Asim Aslam ◽  
Raheela Akhtar ◽  
Tahir Yaqub ◽  
Junaid Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an important infectious disease of respiratory system of cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. A cross sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab to determine the prevalence of CBPP. A total of 560 serum samples were examined for the specific antibodies against M. mycoides subspecies mycoides, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associated risk factors that were evaluated include age, gender and breed. In this study, the overall seroprevalence was 8.75%. The seroprevalence of CBPP in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang were 8.26, 8.20 and 10.06%, respectively, but no significance difference (P less than 0.05) was observed. Among the assessed potential predisposing factors, gender and breed were not significantly associated with the serological status of the animal (P greater than 0.05), in which the age affected significantly the positivity to CBPP (P less than 0.05). The highest seropositivity was observed in animals of more than 7 years of age (32.08%) followed by in 4-7 years of age (8.16%) and lowest in animals of less than 4 years old (0.79%). This study confirms the presence of CBPP in the state which could be a threat to livestock export market and warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated with the disease. 

scholarly journals Determining the Prevalence and Seasonality of Fasciola hepatica in Pasture-based Dairy herds in Ireland using a Bulk Tank Milk ELISA

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yris Bloemhoff ◽  
Andrew Forbes ◽  
Martin Danaher ◽  
Barbara Good ◽  
Eric Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Bulk Tank

Relationship between the level of antibodies in bulk tank milk and the within-herd seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-F. TAUREL ◽  
R. GUATTEO ◽  
A. JOLY ◽  
F. BEAUDEAU
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe relationship between the level of antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) and the within-herd seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cows was assessed. Blood from milking cows and BTM were sampled in 55 infected herds and tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The relationship between antibody levels and WHP, which was quantified using a general linear model, was only moderate (R2=0·15). Nevertheless, the lowest antibody level in BTM was associated with the lowest mean within-herd prevalence. The present finding indicates that ELISA applied to BTM could identify infected herds with quite low within-herd seroprevalence. For such herds, the vaccination of dairy cows as well as nulliparous heifers using a phase I vaccine could effectively prevent C. burnetii shedding.

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