scholarly journals Study on supplemental test to improve the detection of bovine tuberculosis in individual animals and herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Alex Machado Carneiro ◽  
Eliomar de Moura Sousa ◽  
Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽  
Bruno Moura Monteiro ◽  
Aline do Socorro Lima Kzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a worldwide disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The success of bTB eradication and control programs is based on early detection and the removal of reactors from a herd thus routine testing and cull strategy have been applied globally. Since the late nineteenth century, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) has been the primary antemortem test available to support bTB eradication campaigns. Due to the TST limitations in terms of Se and Sp, the credibility of the diagnosis is frequently questioned given the occurrence of false-positive and false-negative reactions, therefore, it is necessary to confirm reactive animals using other methods, ensuring the reliability of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) relative to the tuberculin test used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. Results Lack of agreement between comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM was observed. The 2 animals positive on the comparative cervical tuberculin test did not react at the ELISA IDEXX TM and 22 negative reactors by comparative cervical tuberculin test were positive by the ELISA IDEXX TM. The ELISA IDEXX TM showed sensitivity that is significantly lower than the official screening test the single cervical tuberculin. ELISA IDEXX TM also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the comparative cervical tuberculin test. The parallel use of comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX TM may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. Evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs was provided.

scholarly journals Study on a supplemental test to improve the detection of bovine tuberculosis in individual animals and herds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Carneiro ◽  
Eliomar de Moura Sousa ◽  
Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽  
Bruno Moura Monteiro ◽  
Aline do Socorro Lima Kzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Positive Reactor ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract Background With a worldwide occurrence, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is difficult to control, mainly due to the lack of a diagnostic testing to detect infected animals at all stages. Furthermore, the current standard diagnostic test, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is logistically difficult and time consuming. To address this challenge, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comparing with the TST used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. The study included 400 Nelore females raised for beef on five farms, in different municipalities in Brazil. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done and on the day of inoculation of the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) blood samples were obtained and stored for further analysis of the ELISA IDEXX™ Mycobacterium bovis immunoassay. Results Lack of agreement between CCT and ELISA IDEXX™ was observed. No diagnosis described as positive reactor on the CCT was positive at the ELISA, indicating two false positive reactors and 22 negative reactors by CCT were positive by the ELISA IDEXX™. The ELISA IDEXX™ showed sensitivity significantly higher than the official CCT and no significant differences in specificity was observed. ELISA also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the CCT. The parallel use of CCT and ELISA increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening, thus improving the cleaning of the herds. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX™ may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. The results provided evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Waters ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
T. C. Thacker ◽  
J. B. Payeur ◽  
N. B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a man-made multi-host species system: a call for action on wildlife in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane A. R. Lima ◽  
Cristina K. Zimpel ◽  
José Salvatore Patané ◽  
Taiana T. Silva-Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo N. Etges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
System A ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tuberculin Tests

We report on a 15-year-long outbreak of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife from a Brazilian safari park. A timeline of diagnostic events and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 21 Mycobacterium bovis isolates from deer and llamas were analyzed. Accordingly, from 2003 to 2018, at least 16 animals, from 8 species, died due to TB, which is likely an underestimated number. In three occasions since 2013, the deer presented positive tuberculin tests, leading to the park closure and culling of all deer. WGS indicated that multiple M. bovis strains were circulating, with at least three founding introductions since the park inauguration in 1977. Recent transmission events between nearby farms and the park were not found based on WGS. Lastly, by discussing socio-economic and environmental factors escaping current regulatory gaps that were determinant of this outbreak, we pledge for the development of a plan to report and control bTB in wildlife in Brazil.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis: From Genotyping to Genome Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. S. Guimaraes ◽  
Cristina K. Zimpel
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Standards

Mycobacterium bovis is the main pathogen of bovine, zoonotic, and wildlife tuberculosis. Despite the existence of programs for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control in many regions, the disease remains a challenge for the veterinary and public health sectors, especially in developing countries and in high-income nations with wildlife reservoirs. Current bTB control programs are mostly based on test-and-slaughter, movement restrictions, and post-mortem inspection measures. In certain settings, contact tracing and surveillance has benefited from M. bovis genotyping techniques. More recently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become the preferential technique to inform outbreak response through contact tracing and source identification for many infectious diseases. As the cost per genome decreases, the application of WGS to bTB control programs is inevitable moving forward. However, there are technical challenges in data analyses and interpretation that hinder the implementation of M. bovis WGS as a molecular epidemiology tool. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe M. bovis genotyping techniques and discuss current standards and challenges of the use of M. bovis WGS for transmission investigation, surveillance, and global lineages distribution. We compiled a series of associated research gaps to be explored with the ultimate goal of implementing M. bovis WGS in a standardized manner in bTB control programs.

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in buffaloes in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts of Sindh, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwar Kumar Malhi ◽  
Asghar Ali Kamboh ◽  
Chandar Kumar ◽  
Prakash Dewani ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Culture Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Apparently Healthy

An investigation in buffaloes was carried out in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts, Sindh province, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. The buffaloes (n=120) were first screened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT), then their sera were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Attempts were further made to isolate the Mycobacterium bovis organism from the milk samples using traditional culture test. Overall prevalence of 4.16%, 8.33% and 2.5% was recorded by SITT, ELISA and culture test respectively. A somewhat higher prevalence was recorded in Tando Allahyar district (SITT 6.66%; ELISA 10%; culture test 5%) as compared to Hyderabad district (SITT 1.66%; ELISA 6.66%; culture test 0%). Statistical analysis did not show any association (P> 0.05) of herd size, sex, age, milk yield and farming type with the prevalence of the disease. Whereas, SITT showed a significant (P Less than 0.05) association of sex, age and milk yield with the prevalence of the disease in Tando Allayer district. The results of present study revealed that bovine tuberculosis is present in apparently healthy buffalo herds of Hyderabad and Tando Allayer districts. Moreover, infected animals shed the M. bovis pathogen in milk that could be a potential hazard to public health.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock using gamma interferon assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test in Assam and Meghalaya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheenta G. Barua ◽  
Himangshu Raj ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Chandana C. Barua ◽  
Arundhati Purkayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The present study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of gamma interferon (IFN-ã) assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), including species specification of bovine tuberculosis infection in different livestock farms of Assam and Meghalaya. A total of 199 animals (cattle and buffalo) were examined for bovine tuberculosis symptoms and swab samples were cultured. Biochemical tests and PCR were used for species specification of bovine tuberculosis. Out of 199 cases examined, 33 (16.58%) showed positive for SICTT, 39 (19.59%) for IFN-ã and 35(17.59%) for PCR. Based on PCR targeting pncA region, the confirmation was done for M. Bovis. IFN-ã thus ensures a sensitive and specific detection of early bovine tuberculosis infection together with SICTT and hence may be considered as a screening method of choice.

scholarly journals A comparison between indirect ELISA and tuberculin skin test in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Muasya ◽  
George Karuoya Gitau ◽  
Thaiyah Gitau Andrew ◽  
Daniel Waweru Gakuya ◽  
John Vanleeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Kappa Agreement

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important zoonotic disease which has remained persistent in many areas of the World. Control and eradication has proved problematic due to the challenges in effective screening and diagnosis. Limited information on the status of BTB in Kenya presents a need to investigate its occurrence in cattle population. The study was carried out using an indirect antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA-IDEXX-USA) to assess the agreement with Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) test results between August and December 2013 in Laikipia County. The study also determined the apparent prevalence of cattle BTB antibodies in Laikipia County. A total of 276 bovine serum samples were tested using MPB70 and MPB83 recombinant proteins as capture antigens in the ELISA kit. Data were recorded in Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS 16.0 for analysis. Apparent prevalence was calculated as a proportion at 95% CI, Kappa statistics computed, and test of significance assessed by Chi-square and Fisher exact test.  The results showed an individual animal apparent prevalence of 3.9% (11/276) and a herd prevalence of 58.3% (7/12). There was no significant association between BTB infection and both animal level factors, breed and sex. Kappa agreement test between ELISA test and TST showed a good agreement at K= 0.65. This study reported the prevalence of BTB in cattle for the first time in Laikipia County Kenya using the IDEXX ELISA. The ELISA test was comparable to the tuberculin test which is used as the gold standard for screening TB on live animals. The two tests can be used alongside for series or parallel interpretation to achieve desirable diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in disease control programs.

scholarly journals Genetic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis from a cattle herd in southernmost Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório ◽  
Klaudia Dos Santos Gonçalves Jorge ◽  
Flábio Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
As Species ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Bovine Tissue ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Mycobacterium bovis is the agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease endemic to all Brazilian states. Molecular typing techniques help to stratify and refine data, providing information that facilitates epidemiological research. In this study, MIRU-VNTR, targeting 24 loci, was employed to identify and characterize the genetic groups of M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Eighteen acid-fast bacilli isolates, obtained from bovine tissue samples, and reactive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, were identified as species of the M. tuberculosis complex, and were genotyped by MIRU-VNTR with 24 primer pairs. Genotyping revealed three genetic profiles comprising one with 15 isolates (83.3%), one with two isolates (11.1%), and one profile with one unique isolate (5.6%). This distinction was achieved with the MIRU 31 primer, which resulted in clustering of two isolates into the same profile, and ETR A, B, and C, which discriminated the isolate with a unique profile. The occurrence of clustered isolates is indicative of recent transmission, whereas isolates with a unique profile suggest reactivation of latent infection. The presence of different M. bovis genotypes in the same herd suggests movement of infected animals or different sources of intra-herd infection. Use of the MIRU-VNTR molecular epidemiology technique in M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul state demonstrated the genetic diversity of circulating strains, despite the presence of a predominant group.

scholarly journals Diversity of Antigen Recognition by Serum Antibodies in Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5344-5349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽  
John M. Pollock ◽  
Roberto Colangeli ◽  
Maria Laura Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Production ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis in cattle remains a major zoonotic and economic problem in many countries. The standard diagnostic assay for bovine tuberculosis, the intradermal tuberculin test, has low accuracy. Therefore, alternative immunodiagnostic methods, such as serological assays, are needed for detection of infected animals. Development of an accurate serodiagnostic test requires a detailed understanding of the humoral immune responses during bovine tuberculosis and, in particular, identification of the key antigens of Mycobacterium bovisinvolved in antibody production. In this study, we characterized antibody responses in cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis. Sequential serum samples were collected every 3 to 4 weeks for up to 27 months postinfection. Circulating immunoglobulin G antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 12 highly purified recombinant proteins of M. bovis. Six proteins, ESAT-6, 14-kDa protein, MPT63, MPT70, MPT51, and MPT32, were identified as major seroreactive antigens in bovine tuberculosis. A remarkable animal-to-animal variation of antigen recognition by serum antibodies was observed. Kinetic analyses of the antibody production to individual antigens during infection revealed that the heterogeneous antigen recognition profile changed markedly in a given infected animal as disease progressed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document