scholarly journals Genetic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis from a cattle herd in southernmost Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório ◽  
Klaudia Dos Santos Gonçalves Jorge ◽  
Flábio Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
As Species ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Bovine Tissue ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Mycobacterium bovis is the agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease endemic to all Brazilian states. Molecular typing techniques help to stratify and refine data, providing information that facilitates epidemiological research. In this study, MIRU-VNTR, targeting 24 loci, was employed to identify and characterize the genetic groups of M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Eighteen acid-fast bacilli isolates, obtained from bovine tissue samples, and reactive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, were identified as species of the M. tuberculosis complex, and were genotyped by MIRU-VNTR with 24 primer pairs. Genotyping revealed three genetic profiles comprising one with 15 isolates (83.3%), one with two isolates (11.1%), and one profile with one unique isolate (5.6%). This distinction was achieved with the MIRU 31 primer, which resulted in clustering of two isolates into the same profile, and ETR A, B, and C, which discriminated the isolate with a unique profile. The occurrence of clustered isolates is indicative of recent transmission, whereas isolates with a unique profile suggest reactivation of latent infection. The presence of different M. bovis genotypes in the same herd suggests movement of infected animals or different sources of intra-herd infection. Use of the MIRU-VNTR molecular epidemiology technique in M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul state demonstrated the genetic diversity of circulating strains, despite the presence of a predominant group.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a man-made multi-host species system: a call for action on wildlife in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane A. R. Lima ◽  
Cristina K. Zimpel ◽  
José Salvatore Patané ◽  
Taiana T. Silva-Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo N. Etges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
System A ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tuberculin Tests

We report on a 15-year-long outbreak of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife from a Brazilian safari park. A timeline of diagnostic events and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 21 Mycobacterium bovis isolates from deer and llamas were analyzed. Accordingly, from 2003 to 2018, at least 16 animals, from 8 species, died due to TB, which is likely an underestimated number. In three occasions since 2013, the deer presented positive tuberculin tests, leading to the park closure and culling of all deer. WGS indicated that multiple M. bovis strains were circulating, with at least three founding introductions since the park inauguration in 1977. Recent transmission events between nearby farms and the park were not found based on WGS. Lastly, by discussing socio-economic and environmental factors escaping current regulatory gaps that were determinant of this outbreak, we pledge for the development of a plan to report and control bTB in wildlife in Brazil.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock using gamma interferon assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test in Assam and Meghalaya

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheenta G. Barua ◽  
Himangshu Raj ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Chandana C. Barua ◽  
Arundhati Purkayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The present study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of gamma interferon (IFN-ã) assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), including species specification of bovine tuberculosis infection in different livestock farms of Assam and Meghalaya. A total of 199 animals (cattle and buffalo) were examined for bovine tuberculosis symptoms and swab samples were cultured. Biochemical tests and PCR were used for species specification of bovine tuberculosis. Out of 199 cases examined, 33 (16.58%) showed positive for SICTT, 39 (19.59%) for IFN-ã and 35(17.59%) for PCR. Based on PCR targeting pncA region, the confirmation was done for M. Bovis. IFN-ã thus ensures a sensitive and specific detection of early bovine tuberculosis infection together with SICTT and hence may be considered as a screening method of choice.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of Dorset. I. Tuberculosis in cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilesmith ◽  
T. W. A. Little ◽  
H. V. Thompson ◽  
C. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Two Peaks

SUMMARYA major outbreak of tuberculosis occurred in cattle on a farm in Dorset between 1970 and 1976. Six hundred and twenty-six cattle were slaughtered either because they reacted to the tuberculin test or had been exposed to infection. No source of infection was found until 1974 when badgers infected with Mycobacterium bovis were first discovered.An analysis of the tuberculin test records of this herd and the six surrounding herds indicated that tuberculosis had been a sporadic problem since the early 1960's. Two peaks of infection occurred in the most severely affected herd in 1970 and 1974 when 29·8% and 27·3% of animals, respectively, reacted to the tuberculin test. These figures are exceptionally high. During the last 20 years there have been two periods when all the herds in the area had synchronous outbreaks consistent with a common source.Analysis indicated that cattle were at greatest risk in April and May and suggest that there was re-exposure to infection at this time each year. In addition the cattle were apparently exposed to M. bovis, at sufficiently high levels for transmission to occur, for only a relatively short period of time.

scholarly journals GRANULOMATOUS MENINGOMYELOENCEPHALITIS IN A CALF CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
C. Del Fava ◽  
E. Roxo ◽  
L. Baldassi ◽  
E.M.S. Cunha ◽  
A.D. Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Mononuclear Infiltrate ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, characterized by respiratory disorders, emaciation and lymphadenomegaly. Neurological signs associated with granulomatous lesions in the central nervous system are rarely seen. In Brazil, the National Program for Control and Eradication of bovine tuberculosis has begun in 2001, and notification of the disease is compulsory. A case of tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis is reported in a dairy calf less than one year old presenting neurological signs (irritability, aggressiveness, weakness, dizziness and recumbency) which progressed to death in three days. Brain, spinal cord, and lung tissue samples were examined histopathologically. The spinal cord showed granulomatous meningomyelitis with Langhans giant cells in the meninges and perivascular mononuclear cuffing in the white and gray matter. There were a few granulomas in the cerebral cortex with a central area of necrosis surrounded by mononuclear infiltrate. Mononuclear perivascular cuffing, satellitosis, hyperemia, and severe granulomatous meningitis with Langhans giant cells were observed in the neuropile. Samples of brain were inoculated into Petragnani and Stonebrink media. M. bovis was isolated and identified by PCR with JB21-JB22 primers. Considering the 2,888 samples of bovine CNS sent for surveillance of neurological syndrome and negative for Rabies, this was the only case of tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis (0,035%) diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 by the Laboratory of Anatomopathology of Instituto Biológico. Although tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis is not so frequent, it’s important to diagnose M. bovis as a causative agent of bovine neurological disorders. In accordance with Brazilian regulations, sanitary measures in the infected herd (test-and-slaughter) should be adopted.

scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia: Postmortem, Microbiological and Molecular Study in Slaughtered Reactor Cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskra Cvetkovikj ◽  
Slavcho Mrenoshki ◽  
Kiril Krstevski ◽  
Igor Djadjovski ◽  
Branko Angjelovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease in cattle caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis and to a lesser extent by Mycobacterium caprae. The other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can also cause the disease in domestic and wild animals and all of them have a zoonotic potential. The main purpose of the study was to determine the presence and distribution of the tuberculous lesions in reactor cattle, and to isolate and identify the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Macedonia. Lymph nodes and affected organs from 188 reactor cattle slaughtered due to a positive intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test were analyzed by detection of tuberculous lesions, followed by isolation and molecular identification of the isolated mycobacteria. The isolation was performed on selective media - Lowenstein Jensen with glycerol, Lowenstein Jensen without glycerol and Stonebrink medium supplemented with pyruvate. The molecular identification of the MTBC members was performed by analysis of the Regions of difference (RD1, RD9 and RD4) and detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lepA gene for Mycobacterium caprae. Typical tuberculous lesions were detected in 62 animals (33.0%) and the lesions were most prevalent in the mediastinal lymph nodes (47.5%). The isolated mycobacteria in the MTBC were identified as Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae and were found in both animals with visible lesions (82.2%) and animals without visible lesions (27.7%). The slaughterhouse postmortem examinations and laboratory investigations should be included on regular bases in order to improve the National eradication program.

scholarly journals Comparative Identification of Mycobacterium bovis By Using A Serological ELISA (IDEXX) and Tuberculin Test in Cattle in Wasit Province /Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Hala SR. AL-Taee
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Iraq, due to semi-full-scale dependence on tuberculin test, and presence, only, limited serological and molecular studies, the practical Mycobacterium bovis infection rate still dispersed especially in Wasit province that consider as an endemic area for bovine tuberculosis. In this study, two diagnostic techniques were used, IDEXX ELISA and tuberculin test; 186 cattle (155 females and 31 males), selected randomly and divided into two age groups, the first with less than 5 years and the second with more than 5 years. All cattle submitted to both tests and the results showed that (9.13%) were positives for tuberculin test and (17.2%) for IDEXX ELISA. Also, in age groups, the result of <5 years group by tuberculin test was 5.04%, and 11.76% by IDEXX ELISA test; while in >5 years group, was 16.41% and 26.86%, by tuberculin test and IDEXX ELISA test, respectively. Significant, the statistical different, P£ 0.05, was reported through the positive results of both tests as well as the two age groups, while in sex groups, the variance had not shown through both sexes.

Real-Time PCR Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Blood and Lymph Node Aspirates of Bovines Positive in Tuberculosis Screening Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Narang ◽  
G. S. Sidhu ◽  
G. Filia ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
S. T. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Three Samples

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease affecting broad range of mammalian hosts. ESAT-6 is a low molecular weight immunodominant protein coded by esxA gene located on RD1 region of genome and is responsible for virulence of Mycobacterium bovis. Out of 200 animals screened for bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), 38 animals (19%) were found positive for Comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) (32 cattle, 6 buffaloes) and 41 animals were tested positive by IFN-g assay (29 cattle, 12 buffaloes). DNA extraction of blood (n=200) and lymph node aspirates (n=48) was done. Among 200 blood samples targeted for esxA (ESAT-6) gene, three samples (1.5%) whose CT was between 23-34 were considered positive by real-time PCR. Out of 48 animals (lymph node aspirates) that were positive either by CITT or IFN-g, one sample (2.08%) whose CT was between 23-34 were considered positive by real-time PCR. Remaining samples whose CT values were equal to or greater than 35 were considered negative. The sensitivity of esxA was 8 pg/ìl by real time PCR.

scholarly journals Study on supplemental test to improve the detection of bovine tuberculosis in individual animals and herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Alex Machado Carneiro ◽  
Eliomar de Moura Sousa ◽  
Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽  
Bruno Moura Monteiro ◽  
Aline do Socorro Lima Kzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a worldwide disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The success of bTB eradication and control programs is based on early detection and the removal of reactors from a herd thus routine testing and cull strategy have been applied globally. Since the late nineteenth century, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) has been the primary antemortem test available to support bTB eradication campaigns. Due to the TST limitations in terms of Se and Sp, the credibility of the diagnosis is frequently questioned given the occurrence of false-positive and false-negative reactions, therefore, it is necessary to confirm reactive animals using other methods, ensuring the reliability of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) relative to the tuberculin test used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. Results Lack of agreement between comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM was observed. The 2 animals positive on the comparative cervical tuberculin test did not react at the ELISA IDEXX TM and 22 negative reactors by comparative cervical tuberculin test were positive by the ELISA IDEXX TM. The ELISA IDEXX TM showed sensitivity that is significantly lower than the official screening test the single cervical tuberculin. ELISA IDEXX TM also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the comparative cervical tuberculin test. The parallel use of comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX TM may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. Evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs was provided.

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

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