scholarly journals Virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among Candida parapsilosis complex isolates recovered from clinical specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourour Neji ◽  
Ines Hadrich ◽  
Houaida Trabelsi ◽  
Salma Abbes ◽  
Fatma Cheikhrouhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex

Species Distribution, Virulence Factors, and Antifungal Susceptibility Among Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates Recovered from Clinical Specimens

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Virgínia da Silva ◽  
Larissa Beatriz Silva ◽  
Diego Batista Carneiro de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Roberto da Silva ◽  
Kennio Ferreira-Paim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex

scholarly journals Virulence Factors and Azole-Resistant Mechanism of Candida Tropicalis Isolated From Candidemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Sasani ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Sassan Rezaie ◽  
Mohammadreza Salehi ◽  
Muhammad Getso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant

Abstract Background Virulence factors intensify the pathogenicity of Candida species in candidemia. Limited knowledge exists regarding the azole-resistant mechanism and virulence factors of Candida tropicalis. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the virulence factors and the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance among C. tropicalis isolated from bloodstream infection. Materials and methods Forty-five C. tropicalis isolates recovered from candidemia patients were evaluated for virulence factors, including extracellular enzymatic activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CHS), and biofilm formation. Antifungal susceptibility pattern and expression level of ERG11, UPC2, MDR1, and CDR1 genes of eight azole resistance C. tropicalis isolates were assessed. Results The isolates expressed different frequencies of virulence determinants as follows: coagulase 4 (8.9%), phospholipase 4 (8.9 %), proteinase 31 (68.9 %), CSH 43 (95.6 %), esterase 43 (95.6 %), hemolysin 44 (97.8%), and biofilm formation 45 (100%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed the highest resistance to voriconazole. The high expression of ERG11 and UPC2 genes in fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates were observed. Conclusion C. tropicalis isolated from candidemia patients extensively displayed capacities for biofilm formation, hemolysis, esterase activity, and hydrophobicity. In addition, the overexpression of ERG11 and UPC2 genes can be considered as one of the possible mechanisms of azole resistance.

scholarly journals Candidemia by Candida parapsilosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: human and environmental reservoirs, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-860
Author(s):  
Ralciane de Paula Menezes ◽  
Sávia Gonçalves de Oliveira Melo ◽  
Meliza Arantes Souza Bessa ◽  
Felipe Flávio Silva ◽  
Priscila Guerino Vilela Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Echinocandins Resistance by MALDI-TOF MS in Candida parapsilosis Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ana Emília M. Roberto ◽  
Danilo E. Xavier ◽  
Esteban E. Vidal ◽  
Cláudia Fernanda de L. Vidal ◽  
Rejane P. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Separation Parameter ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex

Mass spectrometry by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) was used to identify and differentiate the pattern of susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex. 17 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 2 C. orthopsilosis, and 1 C. metapsilosis strains were obtained from blood cultures, and three different inocula (103, 105, and 107 CFU/mL) were evaluated against three echinocandins at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL after incubation of 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. Drug-free control was used. The spectra obtained at these concentrations were applied to generate composite correlation index (CCI) matrices for each yeast individually. After cross correlations and autocorrelations of each spectra with null (zero) and maximal (16) concentrations, the CCI was used as separation parameter among spectra. Incubation time and inoculum were critical factors to reach higher precision and reliability of this trial. With an incubation time of 3 h and inoculum of 107 CFU/mL, it was possible to determine the breakpoint of the clinical yeasts by MALDI-TOF that presented high agreement with the clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) reference method. Herein, we show that mass spectrometry using the MALDI-TOF technique is powerful when it exploits antifungal susceptibility testing assays.

scholarly journals Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Tóth ◽  
Jozef Nosek ◽  
Héctor M. Mora-Montes ◽  
Toni Gabaldon ◽  
Joseph M. Bliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Geographical Regions

SUMMARYPatients with suppressed immunity are at the highest risk for hospital-acquired infections. Among these, invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent systemic fungal nosocomial infection. Over recent decades, the combined prevalence of non-albicans Candidaspecies outrankedCandida albicansinfections in several geographical regions worldwide, highlighting the need to understand their pathobiology in order to develop effective treatment and to prevent future outbreaks.Candida parapsilosisis the second or third most frequently isolatedCandidaspecies from patients. Besides being highly prevalent, its biology differs markedly from that ofC. albicans, which may be associated withC. parapsilosis’ increased incidence. Differences in virulence, regulatory and antifungal drug resistance mechanisms, and the patient groups at risk indicate that conclusions drawn fromC. albicanspathobiology cannot be simply extrapolated toC. parapsilosis. Such species-specific characteristics may also influence their recognition and elimination by the host and the efficacy of antifungal drugs. Due to the availability of high-throughput, state-of-the-art experimental tools and molecular genetic methods adapted toC. parapsilosis, genome and transcriptome studies are now available that greatly contribute to our understanding of what makes this species a threat. In this review, we summarize 10 years of findings onC. parapsilosispathogenesis, including the species’ genetic properties, transcriptome studies, host responses, and molecular mechanisms of virulence. Antifungal susceptibility studies and clinician perspectives are discussed. We also present regional incidence reports in order to provide an updated worldwide epidemiology summary.

scholarly journals Fluconazole and Voriconazole Resistance in Candida parapsilosis Is Conferred by Gain-of-Function Mutations inMRR1Transcription Factor Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6629-6633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Branco ◽  
Ana P. Silva ◽  
Raquel M. Silva ◽  
Ana Silva-Dias ◽  
Cidália Pina-Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTCandida parapsilosisis the second most prevalent fungal agent causing bloodstream infections. Nevertheless, there is little information about the molecular mechanisms underlying azole resistance in this species. Mutations (G1747A, A2619C, and A3191C) in theMRR1transcription factor gene were identified in fluconazole- and voriconazole-resistant strains. Independent expression ofMRR1genes harboring these mutations showed that G1747A (G583R) and A2619C (K873N) are gain-of-function mutations responsible for azole resistance, the first described inC. parapsilosis.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of C. tropicalis Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. El-Kholy ◽  
Ghada F. Helaly ◽  
Ebtisam F. El Ghazzawi ◽  
Gamal El-Sawaf ◽  
Sherine M. Shawky
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Urinary Isolates

Background: The incidence of candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) species is increasing. Candida tropicalis has emerged as one of the most important NAC species. This study aims to examine the antifungal susceptibility profile and some virulence factors of C. tropicalis isolated from various clinical specimens. Methods: A total of 71 C. tropicalis isolates from various clinical specimens (69.01%, 18.31%, 9.86%, and 2.82% of isolates were collected from urine, respiratory samples, blood, and skin and soft tissue infections, respectively) from ICU patients in Alexandria, Egypt. The isolates were identified at species level by CHROMagar Candida and VITEK 2 compact system. Furthermore, the antifungal susceptibility was determined using the VITEK 2 system AST-YS07 card containing different antifungals. Hemolysin, phospholipase, and proteinase activity and biofilm formation were also tested as virulence factors. Results: Only 30 isolates (42.25%) were non-susceptible (MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL) to fluconazole, of which 28 isolates showed non-susceptibility (MIC ≥ 0.25 µg/mL) to voriconazole. All isolates showed both hemolysin and proteinase activities, while only 9 isolates (12.68%) showed phospholipase production and 70 isolates (98.59%) demonstrated biofilm formation. Strong biofilm production was observed among the blood culture isolates (85.71%), followed by the respiratory and urinary isolates (61.54% and 46.94%, respectively). Conclusions: This study sought to provide useful data on the antifungal susceptibility of C. tropicalis isolates from ICU patients suffering from invasive infections with an increased trend towards elevated MICs levels of both fluconazole and voriconazole. Due to the high incidence of systemic candidiasis and antifungal resistance, C. tropicalis is emerging as a serious root of infections. Therefore, early and accurate identification of Candida species along with susceptibility testing is of utmost importance.

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