scholarly journals Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Davis ◽  
Brian Malig ◽  
Rachel Broadwin ◽  
Keita Ebisu ◽  
Rupa Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; however, most studies have focused on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and CVD. Coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) exposure has not been extensively studied, particularly for long-term exposure, and the biological mechanisms remain uncertain. Methods We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM10–2.5 and inflammatory and hemostatic makers that have been linked to CVD. Annual questionnaire and clinical data were obtained from 1694 women (≥ 55 years old in 1999) enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) at six study sites from 1999 to 2004. Residential locations and the USEPA air monitoring network measurements were used to assign exposure to one-year PM10–2.5, as well as co-pollutants. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to describe the association between PM10–2.5 exposure and markers, including demographic, health and other covariates. Results Each interquartile (4 μg/m3) increase in one-year PM10–2.5 exposure was associated with a 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8, 9.4%) increase in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and 4.1% (95% CI: − 0.1, 8.6%) increase in high-sensitivity C-creative Protein (hs-CRP). Stratified analyses suggested that the association with PAI-1 was particularly strong in some subgroups, including women who were peri-menopausal, were less educated, had a body mass index lower than 25, and reported low alcohol consumption. The association between PM10–2.5 and PAI-1 remained unchanged with adjustment for PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Conclusions Long-term PM10–2.5 exposure may be associated with changes in coagulation independently from PM2.5, and thus, contribute to CVD risk in midlife women.

scholarly journals Association among Fibrinolytic Proteins, Metabolic Syndrome Components, Insulin Secretion, and Resistance in Schoolchildren

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Shuen Chen ◽  
Chung-Ze Wu ◽  
Nain-Feng Chu ◽  
Li-Chien Chang ◽  
Dee Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fibrinolytic Proteins ◽  
Pai 1

We investigated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptors (suPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin secretion, and resistance in schoolchildren. We enrolled 387 children, aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, in Taipei. Anthropometry, fibrinolytic proteins, MetS components, insulin secretion, and resistance were measured. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups. Finally, the relationship between fibrinolytic proteins and metabolic syndrome in boys and girls was analyzed. In boys, PAI-1 was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile, hypertriglyceride, insulin secretion, and resistance. In girls, PAI-1 was positively associated with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin secretion. In girls, uPA was positively associated with insulin secretion. suPAR was positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in both boys and girls, and with BMI percentile and body fat in girls. The obese boys had higher suPAR and PAI-1 levels than the normal group. The obese girls had higher uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 than the normal group. Boys and girls with MetS had higher PAI-1. Fibrinolytic proteins, especially PAI-1, are associated with MetS components and insulin secretion in children. Fibrinolytic proteins changes were more likely to occur in girls than in boys.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to residential ambient fine and coarse particulate matter and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenton Honda ◽  
Melissa N. Eliot ◽  
Charles B. Eaton ◽  
Eric Whitsel ◽  
James D. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter ◽  
Post Menopausal

scholarly journals Airborne Carcinogenic Trace Elements Distribution Associated with Long Term Exposure in Makkah Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Heba M. Adly ◽  
Saleh A. K. Saleh ◽  
Abdulla A. Saati ◽  
Samir H. Fatani
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Air Dispersion ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year

Background: More than 4 million international pilgrims visit Makkah each year during the Hajj and Umrah seasons. Since trace elements are natural ingredients that endure general biogeochemical cycling, conversion functions between environmental loadings, mass levels, and exposed receptors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of carcinogenic trace element levels related to long term exposure. Methods: Particulate Matter (PM10) sampling was conducted at six locations (Al-Haram, Arafat, Muzdalifah, Aziziyah, Al Nuzhah, and Al Awali). On-site measurement parameters included ambient temperature, wind speed, and direction over 37 weeks. Samples were investigated for Cd, Cr, As, Be, and Ni levels with inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Quality assurance measures were achieved separately by analyzing a control sample to certify reliability, reproducibility, and linearity for each analysis. Results: Average particulate matter concentration for a one-year period presented significant variability, which exceeded the WHO guidelines for average exposure (25.0 µgm-3). PM10 average concentrations during round-1 (Spring), round-2 (Summer), round-3 (Autumn) and round-4 (Winter) were 120.1 ± 52.2 µgm-3, 223.4 ± 30.4 µgm-3, 77.6 ± 36.72, and 89 ± 62.7 µgm-3, respectively. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, As, Be, and Ni were found to be 0.098, 0.008, 0.26, 0.03, and 0.012 µgm-3, respectively. Conclusion: PM10 concentration was highly correlated (p-value <0.005) with Cd, Cr, As, Be, and Ni; thereby indicating the influence of manufacturing discharges and pollutants transported over long-distances. Higher ambient air temperatures may cause atmospheric instability in low air dispersion around Makkah. This highlights the importance of continuous air monitoring and calculation of dose exposure levels of both PM10 and trace elements.

Long-Term Exposures To Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter (Pm10-2.5) And The Right Ventricle

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 3615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara D. Adar ◽  
Jennifer D'Souza ◽  
Laura R. Elkayam ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Graham Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter ◽  
The Right

Abstract P362: Central Arterial Stiffness Increases Within One Year-interval of the Final Menstrual Period in Midlife Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Samargandy ◽  
Karen Matthews ◽  
Imke Janssen ◽  
Maria M Brooks ◽  
Emma J Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: Substantial hormonal and adverse lipid changes have been reported within one-year interval of the final menstrual period (FMP) suggesting this interval as a critical time period in midlife women. Significant structural vascular remodeling has been documented during the late peri-menopausal stage, a stage characterized by amenorrhea for at least 3 months. Whether vascular functional changes also accompany the menopause transition and occur within one-year interval of the FMP is not clear. Central arterial stiffness as measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), is a marker of vascular functional changes and a significant predictor of CVD events. Our aim was to test whether the change in aPWV differs by time elapsed since the FMP in midlife women. We hypothesized that aPWV would significantly increase within one-year of the FMP independent of aging and traditional CVD risk factors. Methods: We evaluated participants with no self-reported CVD from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart Ancillary study, a study of subclinical measures of atherosclerosis in midlife women at the Pittsburgh and Chicago sites. Women had up to two aPWV scans over a median of 2.2 years of follow-up and known FMP dates. Yearly % changes in aPWV were estimated in three time segments relative to the FMP (segment 1: more than 1 year before FMP, segment 2: within 1 year before and after FMP, and segment 3: more than 1 year after FMP) and compared using piecewise linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts. Final model was adjusted for time-varying age, race, study site, baseline systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, insulin resistance, physical activity, and history of hormone therapy use. Results: The study included 304 women (At baseline: age mean(SD): 51.1(2.8) y; 62% White, 38% Black; 10% premenopausal, 52% early perimenopausal, 12% late perimenopausal, and 26% postmenopausal). In final model, estimates of the annual % change (95% CI) in aPWV were: -0.6% (-2.1%, 0.8%) for more than one year before the FMP, 3.8% (0.3%, 7.4%) within one year-interval of the FMP, and -2.1% (-4.0%, -0.1%) for more than one year after the FMP. The estimated annual % change in aPWV within the one year-interval of the FMP was significantly greater than the estimated changes in the other two segments in final model, p<0.05 for both comparisons. Conclusions: The one year-interval around the FMP is a critical period in women’s life when vascular functional alterations occur in central arteries independent of aging. These results are consistent with previous findings showing significant vascular structural changes and lipid levels worsening around the time of the FMP. Future research should examine the impact of the reported vascular functional changes on CVD risk after menopause.

scholarly journals Retrieval of daytime mesospheric ozone using OSIRIS observation of O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>∆<sub>g</sub>) emission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Li ◽  
Chris Roth ◽  
Kristell Pérot ◽  
Ole Martin Christensen ◽  
Adam M. Bourassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Retrieval Technique ◽  
Volume Emission ◽  
Hartley Band ◽  
One Year ◽  
Along Track ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Improving knowledge of the ozone global distributions in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) is a crucial step in understanding the behaviour of the middle atmosphere. However, the ozone concentration under sunlit conditions in the MLT is often so low that its measurement requires instruments with very high sensitivity. Fortunately, the bright oxygen airglow can serve as a proxy to retrieve the daytime ozone density indirectly, due to the strong connection to ozone photolysis in the Hartley band. The OSIRIS IR imager (hereafter IRI), one of the instruments on the Odin satellite, routinely measures the oxygen infrared atmospheric band (IRA band) at 1.27 μm. In this paper, we will describe the detailed steps of retrieving the calibrated IRA band limb radiance, the volume emission rate of O2(a1∆g) and, finally, the ozone number density. This retrieval technique is applied to a one-year-sample IRI dataset. The resulting product is a completely new ozone dataset with very high along-track resolution. The performance of the retrieval technique is demonstrated by a comparison of the coincident ozone measurements from the same spacecraft, as well as zonal mean and monthly average comparisons between OS, SMR, MIPAS and ACE-FTS. The consistency of this IRI ozone dataset implies that such a retrieval technique can be further applied to all the measurements made throughout the 19 years-long mission, leading to a long-term, high resolution dataset in the middle atmosphere.

Long-Term Concentrations of Airborne Coarse Particulate Matter and Systemic Inflammation/Coagulation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 4682
Author(s):  
Sara Adar ◽  
Jennifer D'Souza ◽  
Kari Mendelsohn-Victor ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter
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