scholarly journals Coagulase gene polymorphism, enterotoxigenecity, biofilm production, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine raw milk in North West India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Sharma ◽  
Sanjita Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Dahiya ◽  
Aarif Khan ◽  
Manisha Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
North West ◽  
Biofilm Production

Genetic Diversity in Staphylococcus aureus and Its Relation to Biofilm Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan Awan ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Variable Characteristic ◽  
Different Levels

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been a substantial economic problem due to its antibiotic resistance, persistence inside host and recurrence of disease. It escapes from immunity because of its intra-cellular growth. Moreover, it forms biofilm on both living and in-animate surfaces that leads to recurrent infections and growth in food industry, respectively. Further, S. aureus undergoes the vertical and horizontal evolution that has genetically diversified the bacterial population. All the factors such as point mutations, plasmids, phages etc. have played their roles in diversifying this bacterium. Many bacterial physiological characteristics have been affected by genetic diversity. Biofilm forming ability is also considered as a variable characteristic of S. aureus that can help the bacteria to survive in different environments with different levels of biofilm production. In adapting the environment, S. aureus also forms different types of biofilm for its better survival. How genetic diversity is playing its role in this division of S. aureus is yet to be revealed. This chapter focuses on the factors related to genetic diversity and biofilm formation of S. aureus.

Assessing and analysing contamination of a dairy products processing plant byStaphylococcus aureususing antibiotic resistance and PFGE

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Tondo ◽  
MC M Guimarães ◽  
J AP Henriques ◽  
M AZ Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

A dairy product processing plant was studied for 2.5 years to examine contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and try to correlate the source of contamination. Cultures were submitted to an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and characterised by Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results showed that 35.2% (19/51) of food handlers were asymptomatic carriers of S. aureus, and that 90.4% (19/21) of raw milk sampled was contaminated. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from only 10 samples among more than 3200 investigated dairy products. No S. aureus contamination was found on machinery. The AST analysis demonstrated sensitivity of tested S. aureus to oxacillin, cephalothin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. AST analysis generated eight different phenotypic profiles, but did not allow us to identify the source of contamination in seven of ten final products. PFGE analysis proved to be a sensitive method as it generated 42 different DNA banding profiles among the 48 S. aureus investigated, demonstrating a lack of predominance of endemic strains in the plant, contrary to suggestions raised by antibiotic resistance typing. Based on PFGE genotyping, S. aureus strains isolated from four contaminated final products were similar to four S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Five final products contained S. aureus different from all other strains collected, and one showed similarity to a strain isolated from a food handler. These results suggest contamination by raw milk as the main source of contamination of the final dairy products.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, dairy products, antibiotic susceptibility, PFGE.

scholarly journals Characterisation of "ESKAPE" Pathogens with Special Reference to Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm Production in a Nepalese Hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Pandey ◽  
Angela Shrestha ◽  
Shyam Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

Abstract Background: “ESKAPE” is an acronym for group of organisms as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. They are associated in causing life threatening infections. Global efforts on controlling multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms have been hampered by their rapid emergence, inadequate tests for rapid detection and their ability to escape the antibacterial drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens with prime focus on biofilm production and antibiotic resistance. Methods: A total of 8756 clinical specimens were processed for the isolation and identification of ESKAPE pathogens following standard microbiological protocol. These isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Detection of resistance phenotypes, viz., extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was done by disk diffusion method and E- test method as applicable. The VRE isolates were subjected for detection of Van A and Van B genes. All the isolates were processed for biofilm detection by tube adherence method. Results: The percentage distribution of Staphylococcus aureus was 33.5%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 33.0%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18.3%, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex 8.7%, Enterococcus faecium 5.6% and Enterobacter aerogenes 0.9%. MRSA was 57.6% and Vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium was 20%. ESBL and MBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 16.1%, and 8.1%, Acb complex 10.3% each and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.7% and 8.3% respectively. A total of 42.3% of isolates were biofilm producers. Linezolid was drug of choice for VRE isolates. Piperacillin- tazobactam was found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes; Ampicillin-sulbactam was the most effective drug against Acb complex excluding polymyxins. Van A gene was detected in all the VRE isolates. Conclusion: This study estimates the burden of the ESKAPE organisms and their antibiotic resistance pattern in a Nepalese hospital. The increasing percentages of drug resistance among these biofilm-producing pathogens pose great threat in medical setting. Surveillance targeting ESKAPE pathogens should be incorporated in infection control policy in Nepal.

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