Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main etiology of tuberculosis (TB), is predominantly an intracellular pathogen that has caused infection, disease and death in humans for centuries. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles that are found across the evolutionary tree of life. This review is an evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding Mtb-LD formation and associated Mtb transcriptome directly from sputa.Based on the LD content, Mtb in sputum may be classified into three groups: LD positive, LD negative and LD borderline. However, the clinical and evolutionary importance of each state is not well elaborated. Mounting evidence supports the view that the presence of LD positive Mtb bacilli in sputum is a biomarker of slow growth, low energy state, towards lipid degradation, and drug tolerance. In Mtb, LD may serve as a source of chemical energy, scavenger of toxic compounds, prevent destruction of Mtb through autophagy, delay trafficking of lysosomes towards the phagosome, and contribute to Mtb persistence. It is suggest that LD is a key player in the induction of a spectrum of phenotypic and metabolic states of Mtb in the macrophage, granuloma and extracellular sputum microenvironment. Tuberculosis patients with high proportion of LD positive Mtb in pretreatment sputum was associated with higher rate of poor treatment outcome, indicating that LD may have a clinical application in predicting treatment outcome.The propensity for LD formation among Mtb lineages is largely unknown. The role of LD on Mtb transmission and disease phenotype (pulmonary TB vs extra-pulmonary TB) is not well understood. Thus, further studies are needed to understand the relationships between LD positivity and Mtb lineage, Mtb transmission and clinical types.

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Significance of serum interleukin-6 in patients treated with radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.254 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 254-254

Author(s):

Hyejung Cha ◽

Eun Jung Lee ◽

Jinsil Seong

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Treatment History ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Clinical Profiles ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Predicting Treatment Outcome

254 Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is reported to contribute to aggressive tumor growth and resistance to treatment. In several cancers including esophagus, head and neck, and pancreas, high IL-6 is associated with poor treatment outcome after radiotherapy (RT). However, reports about significance of IL-6 in RT for HCC were rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of serum IL-6 with treatment outcome in patients treated with RT for HCC. Methods: For patients treated with RT for HCC, blood samples were collected prospectively, before start and after completion of RT schedule. Serum IL-6 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Patients’ clinical profiles were recorded. Results: Between September 2008 and October 2009, 51 patients were included in this study. Median follow-up duration was 12.3 months (range, 0.5-62.3). Baseline serum IL-6 level was 31.63 pg/ml and patients who had treatment history before RT showed higher baseline serum IL-6 levels than treatment (Tx)-naïve patients (53.09 vs. 15.35, p=0.028). Baseline IL-6 levels were higher in patients showing infield failure (59.70 vs. 14.96, p=0.022) and extrahepatic failure (40.50 vs. 17.88, p=0.072). In patients who had treatment history before RT, higher baseline IL-6 levels were associated with both infield and extrahepatic failure (p=0.014, p=0.032, respectively) in. However, this significance was not found in Tx-naïve patients. Higher baseline IL-6 levels were associated with short infield PFS (p<0.0001) in entire patients and in patients who had treatment history before RT. After RT, serum IL-6 level decreased but it was not significant (29.54 pg/ml, p=0.794). And variation of serum IL-6 level was not associated with treatment failure. Conclusions: Baseline serum IL-6 levels seem significant in predicting treatment outcome in patients treated with RT for HCC. High baseline serum IL-6 levels were associated with infield and extrahepatic failure, especially in patients who had treatment history before RT.

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pncA mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis is a strong predictor of poor treatment outcome in the therapy of multidrug resistant tuberculosis

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 92-93

Author(s):

D. Li ◽

Y. Hu

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome

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Predictors of poor treatment outcome in multi- and extensively drug-resistant pulmonary TB

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.00155708 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 1085-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

K. Kliiman ◽

A. Altraja

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management and Treatment Outcome at Medical Ward of Shashemene Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1177/11795514211004957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117955142110049

Author(s):

Getu Melesie Taye ◽

Amente Jorise Bacha ◽

Fetene Abeje Taye ◽

Mohammed Hussen Bule ◽

Gosaye Mekonen Tefera

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Medical Ward ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Potassium Supplementation ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Concurrent Medication

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common and yet potentially life-threatening acute complication of diabetes that progresses rapidly to death and requires immediate medical intervention. Objective: To assess the DKA management and treatment outcome/in-hospital mortality and its predictors among hospitalized patients with DKA at the Medical ward of Shashemene Referral Hospital (SRH). Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Medical Ward of SRH from 01 February 2015 to 31 January 2017. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects based on the inclusion criteria. Thus, of 236 reviewed charts, only 225 patients with DKA fulfilled inclusion criteria. Treatment outcome was considered good for patients who have shown improvement at discharge, while poor for patients who left against medical advice or died in the hospital. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine independent predictors for treatment outcome/in-hospital mortality using SPSS version 20 with statistical significant at P ⩽ .05. Results: Of 225 patients with DKA, 124 (55.1%) were male. Regular insulin was prescribed to all patients and antibiotics were administered to 87 (38.7%). Potassium supplementation was given only for 28 (12.4%). Non-adherence to insulin treatment (n = 91; 40.4%) and infection (n = 66; 29.3%) were the principal DKA precipitating factors. Even though 73.8% of hospitalized patients with DKA have shown good treatment outcomes, DKA contributed 12% in-hospital mortality. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis shown that hypoglycemia is the only independent predictor for in-hospital mortality[ P = .03]. Moreover, the independent predictors for poor DKA treatment outcome were found to be smoker [ P = .04], Urinary tract infection (UTI) relative to other co-morbid condition [ P < .001], severe hypokalemia which increase risk of poor treatment outcome by around 4 times [ P = .02], and use of Metronidazole as a concurrent medication relative to other concurrent medication [ P = .03]. Conclusion: There was a high in-hospital mortality rate due to correctable causes. This mortality is unacceptable as it was majorly related to the poor practice of potassium supplementation and hypoglycemia due to insulin. Thus, clinicians and stakeholders should have to focus on modifiable factors (hypokalemia, UTI, and hypoglycemia) to reduce poor treatment outcome/in-hospital mortality.

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619 ACTIVATED FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-INDUCIBLE 14 (FN14) PROMOTES INVASION, MIGRATION AND PROLIFERATION OF ANDROGEN INDEPENDENT PROSTATE CANCER CELLS THROUGH MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9 AND CORRELATES WITH POOR TREATMENT OUTCOME

European Urology Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1569-9056(11)60608-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

S. Narita ◽

M. Mingguo ◽

N. Tsuchiya ◽

K. Numakura ◽

T. Obara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Fibroblast Growth ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Metalloproteinase 9 ◽

Androgen Independent

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Childhood Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Its Association with HIV-Co infection in Ethiopia, A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.14156/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Getaneh Mulualem Belay ◽

Chalachew Adugna Wubneh

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Successful Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

World Health ◽

Successful Treatment Outcome ◽

Poor Treatment ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome

Abstract Introduction Globally around one million children are infected with Tuberculosis. Childhood Tuberculosis is underestimated due diagnosis challenge. HIV infection can affect the TB disease progression and treatment outcome.Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the pooled estimates of childhood tuberculosis treatment outcome and to analyze the impact of HIV-co infection.Methods We searched all available articles using PubMed, Google scholar and a web of science. Additionally, reference lists of included studies and Ethiopian institutional research repositories were used. Searching was limited to studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language. Cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies were included. A weighted inverse variance random effects- model was used. The overall variations between studies were checked by heterogeneity test Higgins’s method (I 2 ). All included studies were assessed with the JBI quality appraisal criteria. Publication bias was checked with the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test.Result A total of 6 studies with 5,389 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of successful treatment outcome was found to be 79.54% (95% CI: 73.00, 86.07). Of which 72.44% were treatment completed. Moreover, this study revealed that the treatment failure, defaulter and death were 0.15%, 5.36%, and 3.54%, respectively. Poor treatment outcome was higher among children with HIV co infection with an odds ratio of 3.15 (95% CI: 1.67, 5.94) as compared to HIV negative children.Conclusion The rate of successful treatment outcome of childhood tuberculosis in Ethiopia found to be low compared to the threshold suggested by the world health organization. HIV co infection is significantly associated with poor treatment outcome. Therefore, special attention better to be given for children infected with HIV.

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